問題一覧
1
If the half value layer of a diagnostic unit is too low, how should it be corrected?
increase primary beam filtration
2
What test can be used to assure the accuracy of a single-phase timer?
spinning top test
3
Which of the following statements is not true about automatic exposure control?
The AEC is located posterior to the image receptor so that it will not interfere with the radiographic image
4
What is the primary requirement for the production of x-rays?
high speed electrons striking a target
5
What is the total resistance of a circuit including three parallel resistances of 0.4, 0.8, and 2.4 ohms?
0.24 ohms
6
What material within the x-ray tube is most likely to cause tube failure by forming a layer on the inside of the tube envelope?
thoriated tungsten
7
What is the most probable cause of a loud grinding noise emitting from the housing of a rotating anode x-ray tube?
damaged rotor bearings
8
Which of the following reports state that the leakage radiation measured at a distance of 1 meter from the
source shall not exceed 100 mR in an hour when the tube is operated at its maximum continuous rated current for the maximum rated tube potential?
NCRP Report No. 49
9
Which of the following barriers has the thickest lead shielding?
Primary protective barrier
10
10. What is the normal rotational speed of a diagnostic x-ray tube rotating anode that is not equipped for
high-speed rotation?
Page 2 of 22
A. 20,000 – 30,000 rpm
B. 2,000 – 3,000 rpm
C. 10,000 – 12,000 rpm
D. 100 – 200 rpm
2,000 – 3,000 rpm
11
An x-ray tube operating with a three-phase six pulse generator will provide what maximum voltage across an x-ray tube during an exposure of 80 kVp?
80,000 volts
12
Which of the following structures is enclosed within a diagnostic x-ray tube cathode assembly focusing cup?
thoriated tungsten filament
13
Which of the following is the correct differences between series and parallel circuits?
1. resistances are added in series circuit
2. amperage is added in a parallel circuit
3. voltage is added in a series circuit
1, 2 and 3
14
What type of wiring configurations are used in the secondary coils of three-phase transformers?
1. star
2. helix
3. delta wye
1 and 3
15
How many heat units are generated by a three-phase twelve pulse generator operating at 75 kVp, 100 mA for 0.4 seconds?
4,230
16
Which of the following are functions of the oil that surrounds the x-ray tube?
1. heat dissipation
2. shock prevention
3. primary beam filtration
1, 2, and 3
17
With which x-ray interaction with matter, production of characteristic radiation will occur?
1. Compton effect
2. Photoelectric effect
3. Classical scattering
2 only
18
A filament electron interacts with an outer shell electron of a tungsten but does not remove it. Which of the following is produced?
infrared photon
19
What is the primary effect observed if a conductor is moved through magnetic lines of force?
1. electricity is generated
2. magnetic field strength increases
3. magnetic field strength decreases
1 only
20
How much power is produced by a current of 30 amperes and 20 volts?
600 watts
21
Where in the basic x-ray circuit is the autotransformer located?
between incoming line and exposure switch
22
How many pulses per cycle are produced by a single-phase full-wave rectified circuit?
2
23
What is the primary purpose of rectification?
to convert alternating current to direct current
24
If a transformer receives 80 volts into 10,000 turns on the primary coil and the secondary coil has 100 turns, what is the voltage in the secondary coil?
0.8 volts
25
Which of the following functions is/are taken over by the automatic exposure control?
1. time
2. mA
3. kVp
1 only
26
If the primary coil of a transformer has 2,000 turns of wire and the secondary side has 200, what will be the result on the secondary side?
1. amperage will increase
2. amperage will decrease
3. voltage will increase
4. voltage will decrease
1 and 4
27
Which of the following will cause the greatest exposure to the patient?
Photoelectric effect
28
A device that does not convert one form of energy to another form of energy but it use to increase and decrease the magnitude of voltage and electric current.
Transformer
29
Three-phase 6-pulses will produce how many pulses each second?
360 pulses
30
When current is induced in the x-ray tube:
1. Current is supplied in cathode for thermionic emission.
2. Current is supplied to the rotor to facilitate the induction motor.
3. The filament current is supplied by the step down transformer
1, 2, and 3
31
What is measured by a meter wired in series with a resistance?
current
32
The actual site of x-ray production is:
focal spot
33
Which of the following is correct?
Similarly, if the left hand is used the thumb is pointed in the direction of electron flow.
34
Which of the following has the highest resistance to electron flow?
Glass
35
What are the functions of the oil between the x-ray tube and the housing?
1. cooling of the x-ray tube
2. insulation of the x-ray tube
3. filtration of the x-ray beam
1 and 2
36
Which of the following will prolong tube life?
1. using lower mA stations
2. pressing the exposure switch before the rotor when possible
3. warming up the tube before first use
1 and 3
37
What factor drops the during a falling load exposure?
mA
38
The bearings inside the x-ray tube that facilitates in rotor rotation is made up of?
silver
39
The change in voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of the:
Number of turns of the secondary coils to the primary coils
40
At 60 kVp, the expected electron interaction with matter is:
100% bremsstahlung
41
Why is a charge applied to the focusing cup?
It repels electrons from the focusing cup, focusing them into a narrow beam
42
What is the power rating of a three-phase x-ray generator capable of 140 kVp at 1,000 mA, 0.1 sec?
140 kilowatts
43
What device is designed to vary the x-ray tube circuit current prior to high-voltage, step-up transformer?
autotransfomer
44
Responsible for converting the incident remnant photon’s energy to a burst of visible light photon.
input phosphor
45
Removing air and creating a vacuum inside the glass envelope will?
1. Increase efficiency of the x-ray production
2. Extends the tube life
3. Serve as an inherent filter
1 and 2
46
It is the measurement of positive and negative charges created when radiation ionizes the atoms in air.
C/kg
47
Which of the following generators allow the voltage never drops to zero during exposure?
1. single phase full-wave rectification
2. three-phase generators with 6 diodes
3. three-phase generators with 12 diodes
2 and 3
48
A high potential difference in anode and cathode during x-ray production moves the electrons towards the target in a speed of?
half the speed of light
49
Scatter radiation produce during Compton scattering will have an angle of deflection of about ______ degrees.
any
50
Which of the following affects the radiation quantity?
1. If kVp doubles, radiation quantity increases by a factor of 4
2. If mAs doubles, radiation quantity increases by a factor of 2
3. If distance doubles, radiation quantity decreases by a factor of 4
1, 2, and 3
51
What term is used to describe the tendency of an alternating current to oppose its own flow of current?
self-induction
52
Which of the following is used to describe current loss in the core of a transformer due to lagging AC magnetization?
hysteresis loss
53
What is the fundamental unit of electric charge?
Coulomb
54
What is the maximum number of electrons than can occupy in L-shell of a tungsten?
8
55
Tungsten atom is the element of choice for the target and filament because of its high atomic number.
Tungsten is composed of:
1. 74 electrons
2. 6 shells
3. 2 outermost shell electrons
1, 2, and 3
56
When the x-ray circuit is turned on but no exposure is being made, a standby current heats the filament to a value corresponding to low current commonly about _____ mA?
2 mA
57
Aging tubes acquire bronze-colored “sunburn” because of tungsten vaporization. This coat has effects on:
1. Gradually changes the x-ray beam quality
2. Tube arcing between glass and the electrodes may occur
3. Reduces the radiation quantity
1, 2, and 3
58
Anode heel effect result to the variation of x-ray intensity towards anode and cathode. This variation is also true to:
D. Both A and C
59
The kVp selector is:
Autotransformer
60
Semiconductors are materials that can sometimes act as a conductor or insulator. Example is the silicon.
This is because:
1. At low temperature they act as an insulator
2. At high temperature they act as an insulator
3. At room temperature they act as conductors
4. At low temperature they act as conductors
1 and 3
61
If a quality control test of a generator indicates that several milliamperage stations are inaccurate, which of the following can be used to address the problem?
milliamperage linearity
62
Within what percentage of limits must the congruency of the collimator light beam to actual radiation field
be maintained?
A. 1% - 2%
B. 10% - 15%
C. 50% - 60%
D. 98% - 99%
1% - 2%
63
Which of the following could seriously damage the anode disk of a high speed rotor x-ray tube due to gyroscopic effect?
rapid rotation of the tube housing from perpendicular to horizontal
64
What term is used to describe the process of monitoring technical equipment to maintain standards?
quality control
65
Which of the following is radiographed in place over a cassette to evaluate screen-film contact?
wire mesh
66
For what is a collimator test tool is used?
to assure the congruence of collimator light field with primary beam field
67
What is the lead equivalence of lead goggles?
0.5 mm Pb eq
68
What is the LET of diagnostic x-rays?
1 keV/um
69
Which portion of the small bowel is most radiosensitive?
jejunum
70
During which gestational stage will high doses of radiation to the embryo or fetus most likely result in congenital effects?
Between weeks 3-10
71
During which stage of the cell is radiation-induced chromosome damage most evident?s
Metaphase
72
Which of the following radiation detectors is sometimes referred to as a “cutie pie”?
Ionization chamber-type survey meter
73
To protect both the patient and the radiographer, at a distance of 1 m from the source, leakage radiation
should not exceed:
100 mR/h
74
What type of artifact will result on a radiograph from dirt or dust on an intensifying screen?
An area of decreased film density
75
How many heat units (HU) are generated when setting a technique of 75 kVp, 400 mA, 250 ms, on a 3-phase, 12-pulse generator?
10,575 HU
76
What is meant by the term “interphase death in radiobiology”?
Cells die before leaving interphase
77
Which of the following best encompasses the concept of nonspecific life span shortening?
Accelerated and premature aging and disease
78
What term is used to describe radiation damage that increases the probability of inducing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect (i.e., carcinogenesis)?
Stochastic
79
Which of the following effects will likely occur at high doses of radiation exposure?
1. stochastic
2. deterministic
3. early
4. late
2 and 3
80
Which of the following is a type of acute radiation syndrome?
All of the choices
81
What is the LD 50/30 of humans?
400 rads
82
The statement “All exposures shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors taken into account” encompass which aim and philosophy of radiation protection?
Optimization of Practice
83
In mitosis, how many cells with the same quantity and quality of chromosomes are produced as the parent cell divides?
2
84
Which type of shielding is suspended from the radiographic collimator to absorb the primary beam photons before they reach the reproductive organs?
shadow
85
Which of the following sets of technical factors would most likely provide the least patient exposure?
74 kVp, 100 mA, 0.06 s
86
Which of the following projections would afford the greatest radiation protection to the lens of the patient’s eye?
PA skull
87
Which of the following are general effects of radiation on the embryo and fetus?
1. lethality
2. congenital abnormalities
3. long-term effects
1, 2, and 3
88
What is the electron binding energy of an L-shell electron tungsten atom?
12.1 keV
89
Which of the following patients would have the most radiosensitive tissue?
6-year old female
90
Which of the following is the most powerful cell radiosensitizer?
oxygen
91
Which of the following procedures would most likely contribute a higher gonadal dose to a female than a male?
AP abdomen
92
Which of the following cells are most radiosensitive?
Mucosal
93
Why is free radical formation in the human body so dangerous?
Carcinogenic tendencies may occur
94
Which of the following is suspected of being the prime target of the target theory of cell damage?
DNA
95
Which conditions would make a tissue relatively radioresistant?
vasoconstriction
96
What is the approximate dose required to induce permanent female sterility?
6 Gy
97
It describes the fraction of time that a radiation beam is directed at a specific barrier?
use factor
98
What is the effective dose limit recommendation for the hands of an occupational worker?
500 rem
99
What is the recommended thickness of the protective curtain or panel between the fluoroscopist and the patient?
0.15 mm Pb Eq
100
What is the function of the bucky slot cover?
absorbs scattered radiation from under the x-ray table during fluoroscopy
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問題一覧
1
If the half value layer of a diagnostic unit is too low, how should it be corrected?
increase primary beam filtration
2
What test can be used to assure the accuracy of a single-phase timer?
spinning top test
3
Which of the following statements is not true about automatic exposure control?
The AEC is located posterior to the image receptor so that it will not interfere with the radiographic image
4
What is the primary requirement for the production of x-rays?
high speed electrons striking a target
5
What is the total resistance of a circuit including three parallel resistances of 0.4, 0.8, and 2.4 ohms?
0.24 ohms
6
What material within the x-ray tube is most likely to cause tube failure by forming a layer on the inside of the tube envelope?
thoriated tungsten
7
What is the most probable cause of a loud grinding noise emitting from the housing of a rotating anode x-ray tube?
damaged rotor bearings
8
Which of the following reports state that the leakage radiation measured at a distance of 1 meter from the
source shall not exceed 100 mR in an hour when the tube is operated at its maximum continuous rated current for the maximum rated tube potential?
NCRP Report No. 49
9
Which of the following barriers has the thickest lead shielding?
Primary protective barrier
10
10. What is the normal rotational speed of a diagnostic x-ray tube rotating anode that is not equipped for
high-speed rotation?
Page 2 of 22
A. 20,000 – 30,000 rpm
B. 2,000 – 3,000 rpm
C. 10,000 – 12,000 rpm
D. 100 – 200 rpm
2,000 – 3,000 rpm
11
An x-ray tube operating with a three-phase six pulse generator will provide what maximum voltage across an x-ray tube during an exposure of 80 kVp?
80,000 volts
12
Which of the following structures is enclosed within a diagnostic x-ray tube cathode assembly focusing cup?
thoriated tungsten filament
13
Which of the following is the correct differences between series and parallel circuits?
1. resistances are added in series circuit
2. amperage is added in a parallel circuit
3. voltage is added in a series circuit
1, 2 and 3
14
What type of wiring configurations are used in the secondary coils of three-phase transformers?
1. star
2. helix
3. delta wye
1 and 3
15
How many heat units are generated by a three-phase twelve pulse generator operating at 75 kVp, 100 mA for 0.4 seconds?
4,230
16
Which of the following are functions of the oil that surrounds the x-ray tube?
1. heat dissipation
2. shock prevention
3. primary beam filtration
1, 2, and 3
17
With which x-ray interaction with matter, production of characteristic radiation will occur?
1. Compton effect
2. Photoelectric effect
3. Classical scattering
2 only
18
A filament electron interacts with an outer shell electron of a tungsten but does not remove it. Which of the following is produced?
infrared photon
19
What is the primary effect observed if a conductor is moved through magnetic lines of force?
1. electricity is generated
2. magnetic field strength increases
3. magnetic field strength decreases
1 only
20
How much power is produced by a current of 30 amperes and 20 volts?
600 watts
21
Where in the basic x-ray circuit is the autotransformer located?
between incoming line and exposure switch
22
How many pulses per cycle are produced by a single-phase full-wave rectified circuit?
2
23
What is the primary purpose of rectification?
to convert alternating current to direct current
24
If a transformer receives 80 volts into 10,000 turns on the primary coil and the secondary coil has 100 turns, what is the voltage in the secondary coil?
0.8 volts
25
Which of the following functions is/are taken over by the automatic exposure control?
1. time
2. mA
3. kVp
1 only
26
If the primary coil of a transformer has 2,000 turns of wire and the secondary side has 200, what will be the result on the secondary side?
1. amperage will increase
2. amperage will decrease
3. voltage will increase
4. voltage will decrease
1 and 4
27
Which of the following will cause the greatest exposure to the patient?
Photoelectric effect
28
A device that does not convert one form of energy to another form of energy but it use to increase and decrease the magnitude of voltage and electric current.
Transformer
29
Three-phase 6-pulses will produce how many pulses each second?
360 pulses
30
When current is induced in the x-ray tube:
1. Current is supplied in cathode for thermionic emission.
2. Current is supplied to the rotor to facilitate the induction motor.
3. The filament current is supplied by the step down transformer
1, 2, and 3
31
What is measured by a meter wired in series with a resistance?
current
32
The actual site of x-ray production is:
focal spot
33
Which of the following is correct?
Similarly, if the left hand is used the thumb is pointed in the direction of electron flow.
34
Which of the following has the highest resistance to electron flow?
Glass
35
What are the functions of the oil between the x-ray tube and the housing?
1. cooling of the x-ray tube
2. insulation of the x-ray tube
3. filtration of the x-ray beam
1 and 2
36
Which of the following will prolong tube life?
1. using lower mA stations
2. pressing the exposure switch before the rotor when possible
3. warming up the tube before first use
1 and 3
37
What factor drops the during a falling load exposure?
mA
38
The bearings inside the x-ray tube that facilitates in rotor rotation is made up of?
silver
39
The change in voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of the:
Number of turns of the secondary coils to the primary coils
40
At 60 kVp, the expected electron interaction with matter is:
100% bremsstahlung
41
Why is a charge applied to the focusing cup?
It repels electrons from the focusing cup, focusing them into a narrow beam
42
What is the power rating of a three-phase x-ray generator capable of 140 kVp at 1,000 mA, 0.1 sec?
140 kilowatts
43
What device is designed to vary the x-ray tube circuit current prior to high-voltage, step-up transformer?
autotransfomer
44
Responsible for converting the incident remnant photon’s energy to a burst of visible light photon.
input phosphor
45
Removing air and creating a vacuum inside the glass envelope will?
1. Increase efficiency of the x-ray production
2. Extends the tube life
3. Serve as an inherent filter
1 and 2
46
It is the measurement of positive and negative charges created when radiation ionizes the atoms in air.
C/kg
47
Which of the following generators allow the voltage never drops to zero during exposure?
1. single phase full-wave rectification
2. three-phase generators with 6 diodes
3. three-phase generators with 12 diodes
2 and 3
48
A high potential difference in anode and cathode during x-ray production moves the electrons towards the target in a speed of?
half the speed of light
49
Scatter radiation produce during Compton scattering will have an angle of deflection of about ______ degrees.
any
50
Which of the following affects the radiation quantity?
1. If kVp doubles, radiation quantity increases by a factor of 4
2. If mAs doubles, radiation quantity increases by a factor of 2
3. If distance doubles, radiation quantity decreases by a factor of 4
1, 2, and 3
51
What term is used to describe the tendency of an alternating current to oppose its own flow of current?
self-induction
52
Which of the following is used to describe current loss in the core of a transformer due to lagging AC magnetization?
hysteresis loss
53
What is the fundamental unit of electric charge?
Coulomb
54
What is the maximum number of electrons than can occupy in L-shell of a tungsten?
8
55
Tungsten atom is the element of choice for the target and filament because of its high atomic number.
Tungsten is composed of:
1. 74 electrons
2. 6 shells
3. 2 outermost shell electrons
1, 2, and 3
56
When the x-ray circuit is turned on but no exposure is being made, a standby current heats the filament to a value corresponding to low current commonly about _____ mA?
2 mA
57
Aging tubes acquire bronze-colored “sunburn” because of tungsten vaporization. This coat has effects on:
1. Gradually changes the x-ray beam quality
2. Tube arcing between glass and the electrodes may occur
3. Reduces the radiation quantity
1, 2, and 3
58
Anode heel effect result to the variation of x-ray intensity towards anode and cathode. This variation is also true to:
D. Both A and C
59
The kVp selector is:
Autotransformer
60
Semiconductors are materials that can sometimes act as a conductor or insulator. Example is the silicon.
This is because:
1. At low temperature they act as an insulator
2. At high temperature they act as an insulator
3. At room temperature they act as conductors
4. At low temperature they act as conductors
1 and 3
61
If a quality control test of a generator indicates that several milliamperage stations are inaccurate, which of the following can be used to address the problem?
milliamperage linearity
62
Within what percentage of limits must the congruency of the collimator light beam to actual radiation field
be maintained?
A. 1% - 2%
B. 10% - 15%
C. 50% - 60%
D. 98% - 99%
1% - 2%
63
Which of the following could seriously damage the anode disk of a high speed rotor x-ray tube due to gyroscopic effect?
rapid rotation of the tube housing from perpendicular to horizontal
64
What term is used to describe the process of monitoring technical equipment to maintain standards?
quality control
65
Which of the following is radiographed in place over a cassette to evaluate screen-film contact?
wire mesh
66
For what is a collimator test tool is used?
to assure the congruence of collimator light field with primary beam field
67
What is the lead equivalence of lead goggles?
0.5 mm Pb eq
68
What is the LET of diagnostic x-rays?
1 keV/um
69
Which portion of the small bowel is most radiosensitive?
jejunum
70
During which gestational stage will high doses of radiation to the embryo or fetus most likely result in congenital effects?
Between weeks 3-10
71
During which stage of the cell is radiation-induced chromosome damage most evident?s
Metaphase
72
Which of the following radiation detectors is sometimes referred to as a “cutie pie”?
Ionization chamber-type survey meter
73
To protect both the patient and the radiographer, at a distance of 1 m from the source, leakage radiation
should not exceed:
100 mR/h
74
What type of artifact will result on a radiograph from dirt or dust on an intensifying screen?
An area of decreased film density
75
How many heat units (HU) are generated when setting a technique of 75 kVp, 400 mA, 250 ms, on a 3-phase, 12-pulse generator?
10,575 HU
76
What is meant by the term “interphase death in radiobiology”?
Cells die before leaving interphase
77
Which of the following best encompasses the concept of nonspecific life span shortening?
Accelerated and premature aging and disease
78
What term is used to describe radiation damage that increases the probability of inducing a late effect but will not increase the severity of the effect (i.e., carcinogenesis)?
Stochastic
79
Which of the following effects will likely occur at high doses of radiation exposure?
1. stochastic
2. deterministic
3. early
4. late
2 and 3
80
Which of the following is a type of acute radiation syndrome?
All of the choices
81
What is the LD 50/30 of humans?
400 rads
82
The statement “All exposures shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable, economic and social factors taken into account” encompass which aim and philosophy of radiation protection?
Optimization of Practice
83
In mitosis, how many cells with the same quantity and quality of chromosomes are produced as the parent cell divides?
2
84
Which type of shielding is suspended from the radiographic collimator to absorb the primary beam photons before they reach the reproductive organs?
shadow
85
Which of the following sets of technical factors would most likely provide the least patient exposure?
74 kVp, 100 mA, 0.06 s
86
Which of the following projections would afford the greatest radiation protection to the lens of the patient’s eye?
PA skull
87
Which of the following are general effects of radiation on the embryo and fetus?
1. lethality
2. congenital abnormalities
3. long-term effects
1, 2, and 3
88
What is the electron binding energy of an L-shell electron tungsten atom?
12.1 keV
89
Which of the following patients would have the most radiosensitive tissue?
6-year old female
90
Which of the following is the most powerful cell radiosensitizer?
oxygen
91
Which of the following procedures would most likely contribute a higher gonadal dose to a female than a male?
AP abdomen
92
Which of the following cells are most radiosensitive?
Mucosal
93
Why is free radical formation in the human body so dangerous?
Carcinogenic tendencies may occur
94
Which of the following is suspected of being the prime target of the target theory of cell damage?
DNA
95
Which conditions would make a tissue relatively radioresistant?
vasoconstriction
96
What is the approximate dose required to induce permanent female sterility?
6 Gy
97
It describes the fraction of time that a radiation beam is directed at a specific barrier?
use factor
98
What is the effective dose limit recommendation for the hands of an occupational worker?
500 rem
99
What is the recommended thickness of the protective curtain or panel between the fluoroscopist and the patient?
0.15 mm Pb Eq
100
What is the function of the bucky slot cover?
absorbs scattered radiation from under the x-ray table during fluoroscopy