chapter 20

25問 • 1年前

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Your senior thesis project involves working out the taxonomy of Florida skinks. To accomplish this you examine skink specimens for morphological differences, compare nucleotide and amino acid sequences, and observe reproductive behavior and habitat types. What species concept did you use to make your classification?

The general lineage species concept.

Under the ______, species are identified based on their unique habitat requirements

ecological species concept

A disadvantage of using DNA or RNA sequences to identify species is that

there is no rule for determining the number of sequence differences needed for a new species.

If two populations are geographically restricted groups of the same species, but display one or more traits that are somewhat different, the two groups are classified as

subspecies

Dandelions, Taraxacum officinale, are plants that asexually produce fruitlike propagules. Sexual reproduction is very rare in this organism. Which species concept would be least useful in defining dandelions as a species?

Biological species concept

The process of evolutionary changes that result in formation of new species is called

macroevolution.

You notice an older butterfly field guide lists a single species of tiger swallowtail butterfly Papilio glaucus and an Appalachian morph of this species. However, the newest guide list two separate species, P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis, and states that the biological species concept was used to determine the classification.' observation most likely led the authors to list two separate species?

The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild.

A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the

biological species concept.

During spring time in Maine, male moose often enter a cow pasture and begin calling to the female cows. The moose may even try to mount the female but the male genitalia do not fit properly inside the female genitalia. This is an example of

mechanical isolation.

Two species of salamander have similar ranges, but one breeds from January to March, while the second one breeds from March to May. This is an example of

temporal isolation.

Frogs "croak" at night to lure females for mating. Females are attracted only to the song of their species. This is an example of

behavioral isolation.

A population of mountain goats are split because of the formation of a glacier. After 500 years the glacier melts and the two goat populations are free to mol between the two areas. Under what conditions might a hybrid zone occur?

Reproductive isolation is incomplete.

American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and European sycamore (Platanus orientalis) are tree species that will interbreed if planted nearby but will not normally interbreed because they occur on different continents. This is an example of

habitat isolation.

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

hybrid inviability.

Podos measured finch beak depth and correlated this with characteristics of their songs. Using the figure below what species of bird with a vocal constraint betweer 2 and 3 has the largest beak depth?

G. fortis

Approximately 3.5 million years ago the Isthmus of Panama formed. This new landmass severed the connection between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. An ancestral fish population (porkfish) was split in two by this event; the two populations no longer interbreed and are two distinct species. This type of speciation is called

allopatric speciation.

You discover a new species of lily that has 10 chromosomes (2n=10). Genetic testing reveals that it arose from the interbreeding of two other species of lilies which has 12 chromosomes (2n=12), and one of which has 8 chromosomes (2n=8). What is the correct term for the new lily species?

Allodiploid

Allopatric speciation occurs because a population

becomes geographically isolated and undergoes genetic change.

The function of BMP4 is to ______ while the function of gremlin is to _____ BMP4.

cause apoptosis; inhibit the function of

In comparing the development of the unwebbed foot of the chicken and webbed foot of a duck, what differences are there in the expression of BMP4 and Gremiln?

BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet, while Gremlin is not expressed between the digits of chicken feet.

Based on the figure below, what statement could you make about the development of human versus chimpanzee skulls?

The human and chimp skulls develop similarly during the fetal stage, after which point human jaw development slows down relative to chimpanzees.

Which gene is correctly matched with its evolutionary significance?

The Hox genes--evolution of body plans.

What field of biology compares the development of organisms in order to better understand mechanisms of evolutionary change?

Evolutionary developmental biology

How would you best explain the relationship between number of Ho genes and animal body complexity?

An increase in the number of Hox genes allows for greater specialization in different body regions.

Some breeds of dogs that are specialized to retrieve objects from bodies of water have webbing between their toes, while most other breeds do not have webbing. Variation in what cellular process is most likely responsible for this difference?

Apoptosis (cell death)

chapter 21

Madeline Joslyn · 46回閲覧 · 25問 · 1年前

chapter 21