chapter 22

25問 • 1年前

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A scientist found an unweathered igneous rock that contained 0.025 g of potassium-40 and 0.075 g of argon-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. Using the table from Figure 22.3b the age of the rock would be estimated to be

2.6 billion years old.

Which would be most likely to be fossilized?

A common thick-shelled crustacean.

What term describes the time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay?

Half-life

You uncovered a fossil that you suspect is around 100 million years old. Which of the radioisotope pairs in the table below could you eliminate as an appropriate choice for radioisotope dating the accompanying rock?

Carbon-14/Nitrogen-14 (half-life = 5,730 years; useful dating range = 100-50,000 years

Toward the end of the Proterozoic eon, multicellular animals emerged. The first animals were

invertebrates.

How did the earliest single celled microorganisms produce energy to drive metabolic processes?

Anaerobic respiration.

Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. What are these three organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation?

Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus; endosymbiotic

The early Earth atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases?

The amniotic egg evolved as an adaptation

to prevent desiccation.

The event called the Cambrian Explosion resulted in an abrupt increase in

diversity of major animal groups.

In eukaryotes, genes involved in transcription and translation are derived from _________

archaeal ancestors

According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, the origin of the nuclear genome involved

an endosymbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium.

Changes that have occurred in living organisms over the past four billion years are due primarily to

interaction of genetic and environmental changes.

Stromatolites are

layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria.

Carboniferous Period is known

the formation of rich coal deposits.

The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes, and separated from each other is known as

continental drift

In 2004, Jun-Yuan Chen and David Bottier found a fossil approximately 580-600 million years old. Why was this particular fossil significant?In 2004, Jun-Yuan Chen and David Bottier found a fossil approximately 580-600 million years old. Why was this particular fossil significant?

It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals.

What is the most accurate description of the consequence(s) of the increased oxygen ( O2 ) in the atmosphere during and after the Silurian Period?

Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates and an increase in animal body sizes.

Flowering plants originated during the

cretaceous period

The chemical composition of the gases surrounding the Earth has changed substantially over the past 4 billion years. One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. The process of photosynthesis increased the amount of what gas in the atmosphere?

oxygen (O2)

Hominins are

all forms of humans, extinct and extant.

Which of the following are the closest ancestors of humans (genus Homo)?

Australopithecines

The human lineage began to diverge from those of other primates about

7 million years ago

Imagine you are an archaeologist and are working to identity the species of a partial skeleton found in Uganda. You are able to date bones as being approximately 2 million years old and belonging to an adult male. After reconstruction of the skull, you estimate a brain capacity of 725 cm? Further examination of the bones leads you to predict a height of about 180 cm. What species does the skeleton most likely belong to?

homo eragster

Which of the following provides the best evidence that modern humans are evolving?

Adult humans of northern European descent can readily digest lactose.

chapter 21

Madeline Joslyn · 46回閲覧 · 25問 · 1年前

chapter 21