CropSci 06 UPSTEP

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Rubber cultivation is a significant agricultural activity in which province?

North Cotabato

Which province is associated with growing Coffee (dried beans), Coffee Arabica, and Coffee Robusta?

Sultan Kudarat

What is the primary crop cultivated in Nueva Vizcaya?

Mandarin

Lanzones and Mangosteen are notable crops in which province?

Sulu

Which province is known for producing pineapple?

Bukidnon

Abaca cultivation is prominent in which province?

Catanduanes

Which province is known for growing Banana Cavendish and Durian?

Davao del Norte

Which crop is primarily associated with Benguet province?

Brocolli

The genetic design of a plant that dictates the ceiling of how much a variety/cultivar can yield.

Genotype

Which of the following is considered an external factor influencing a plant’s growth and development?

Environment

This is the part of the “phenotype equation” that describes the interaction between a plant’s genetic makeup and the external conditions in which it grows.

Genotype x Environment interaction

Which category of plants requires a high moisture environment to grow?

Hydrophytes

What climatic factor influences the amount and distribution of rainfall due to its geographical features?

Topography

Which temperature is defined as the temperature below which the velocity of a reaction in plants becomes zero due to enzyme deactivation?

Minimum temperature

What classification of crops includes those that mature faster in hotter temperatures?

Tropical

At what wind speed may leaf tearing occur, particularly in banana and abaca plants?

30 km/hr

Which type of plant is shade-loving and light-saturated at about 500 foot candles?

Sciophytes

Which term describes the ratio of dry weight to total volume of soil, indicating soil compaction and porosity?

Bulk density

Which property of soil affects water infiltration and aeration, critical during seed germination and seedling emergence?

Soil structure

What is the ability of soil to adsorb and exchange cations, typically expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil?

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

What phenomenon occurs when there is a periodic ocean-warming and atmospheric disturbance leading to drought in some areas and heavy rains in others?

El Niño

Which soil type has high nutrient-holding capacity but poor aeration and drainage?

Clay

What type of plants require subdued light to survive and are classified based on their light intensity requirements?

Sciophytes

What is the process of bringing wild species under human management?

Domestication

Which type of mutation occurs naturally in populations?

Spontaneous

What is the term for a hybrid showing superiority over its parents?

Heterosis

What type of cross involves mating two individuals, each used as the male parent in one cross and the female parent in the other?

Reciprocal cross

What is the sum total of hereditary material or genetic resources present in a species called?

Germplasm

Which selection method leads to the formation of subpopulations or polymorphism?

Diversifying selection

What is the cross between an inbred and an open-pollinated variety called?

Topcross

Which type of selection changes gene frequencies due to the environment and is used by breeders?

Directional selection

What term describes the sum of additive and non-additive types of gene action in a population?

Genotypic variance

What is the process of assessing the performance of newly developed lines of a crop?

Evaluation

Which type of heritability is estimated from the ratio of total genetic variance to phenotypic variance?

Broad-sense heritability

Which of the following is a mode of mutation artificially produced by treatment with certain agents?

Induced mutation

Which term refers to the blending of genotypes that are genetically similar except for one gene?

Isolines

What type of selection reduces variability by eliminating deviants and keeping the population constant?

Stabilizing selection

Which type of variety is maintained through natural cross-pollination?

Open-pollinated variety

What process involves the collection of a large number of genotypes of a crop species and its wild relatives?

Germplasm collection

Which system is used in hybrid seed production involving a male sterile line, maintainer line, and restorer line?

3-line system

Which type of land preparation includes soaking, plowing, harrowing, and leveling?

Lowland/Wetland preparation

What type of equipment is used for plowing?

Plow

What is a key characteristic of a well-prepared upland field?

Soil is granular, friable, and compact enough to allow contact between seed and soil

What is the primary difference in physical changes between upland and lowland land preparation?

Lowland involves puddling, upland does not

Which type of tillage is the most aggressive?

Primary tillage

What does conventional tillage result in?

A residue-free soil surface at planting time

What is the goal of conservation tillage?

Reduce soil erosion and conserve moisture

Which type of land preparation maintains a well-aerated root zone and high nitrogen mineralization?

Upland/Dryland preparation

Which type of conservation tillage involves tilling only a small band of soil on the ridge?

Ridge tillage

What are examples of planting materials?

Seeds and propagules

What does seeding rate refer to?

The number of seeds to be planted in a given hill or linear meter

What is population density in agriculture?

The number of seeds planted in a given area

What are basal fertilizers?

Fertilizers added before seeds are placed

Which of the following crops use stem cuttings as planting material?

Sugarcane

What type of flower has only stamens?

Staminate

What type of flower contains both stamen and pistil?

Hermaphroditic

Which crops are naturally self-pollinated?

Tomato and rice

What is the primary characteristic of hybrid cultivars?

Uniformity and superior performance

What is true-to-type seed quality?

Seeds that are genetically consistent with the parent plant

What is the color tag for breeder’s seed?

White

What does seed vigor refer to?

Rapid, complete, and uniform seed germination

What is the purpose of chitting?

To shorten the time between sowing and seedling emergence

Which method of seed enhancement involves seeds imbibed in a temperature-controlled solution?

Osmoconditioning/seed priming

What is the optimal planting depth for seeds?

Not deeper than 10x the diameter of the seed

Which seeding method involves spreading seeds evenly on top of the seedbed?

Broadcasting

What is the Dapog method used for?

Raising rice seedlings

What test indicates seed viability through a color change?

Tetrazolium test

What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

A sustainable approach to managing pests using a combination of techniques

Which of the following is NOT a principle of IPM?

Eradication

What is the first step in an IPM program?

Setting action thresholds

Which IPM method involves using beneficial insects to control pest populations?

Biological control

What is an example of cultural control in IPM?

Rotating crops to prevent pest buildup

Which of the following is a mechanical control method used in IPM?

Hand-picking pests

What role do action thresholds play in IPM?

They indicate the level of pest activity that requires control measures

Which IPM practice involves modifying the environment to make it less suitable for pests?

Cultural control

What is the main goal of IPM?

To reduce pest populations to acceptable levels while minimizing risks to humans and the environment

Why is monitoring an essential component of IPM?

It helps identify when pest control measures are needed and which methods will be most effective

The other essential nutrient present in ammonium sulfate but absent in urea

Sulfur

A single-element or straight fertilizer:

Urea

This metal ion is usually present in toxic amounts in strongly acidic soils.

Aluminum

Application of fertilizer after plant emergence.

Topdressing

The first stage in soil erosion is:

Soil particle detachment

What is a cropping system?

The pattern or arrangement of crops in time and space and the process of growing them

What does polyculture farming system involve?

The mixture of different types of crops in spatial patterns

Which of the following best describes monocropping?

Growing only one crop annually in the same parcel of land

What type of monoculture involves planting trees on steep slopes and heavy clay soils

Perennial monoculture

Which type of multiple cropping involves growing two crops in sequence within a year?

Double cropping

What is ratoon cropping?

Growing a new crop without replanting from buds on the root system or stems of the preceding crops

In intercropping, what does a (+) sign between two crops indicate

The crops are grown simultaneously

Which type of intercropping involves cultivation of crops with different natural habitats and no competition?

Parallel cropping

What is companion cropping?

Intercropping where the production of both intercrops is equal to that of their solid planting

What distinguishes relay cropping from intercropping?

Relay cropping involves planting the second crop before the first is harvested

Which cropping pattern involves planting crops in parallel beds and sinks?

Sorjan cultivation

What is alley cropping?

Planting crops in alternate succession of strips or hedgerows along the contour of the slope

What is allelopathy in the context of multiple cropping?

The negative effects of one plant species on the germination, growth, or development of another

What is the main goal of the Salt Cropping System?

To prevent soil erosion and improve soil fertility

Which cropping system involves raising agricultural crops and/or livestock and forest trees on the same land?

Agroforestry

What is a farm?

A highly organized integrated set of operations that exists in a complex of natural, social, political, and economic environments

What is a farming system?

The manner in which a particular set of farm resources is assembled within its environment by means of technology for the production of primary agricultural products

100

What does a farming pattern or mix of farming enterprises refer to?

How a family allocates its resources (land, labor, capital) to exploit the environment efficiently

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