問題一覧
1
Which soil horizon is known as the topsoil
A horizon
2
If soil is shallow, the result would likely be:
I. Limited water retention and nutrient availability
II. Herbaceous crops can grow in this type of soil
III. It allows plants to penetrate deeply in the water table
I and II
3
Mechanism of nutrient movement by which nutrients are carried by mass movement of water
mass flow
4
In addition to H, the cation that tends to increase in exchangeable form with increasing soil acidity is?
Aluminum
5
The upper limit of sand (USDA)
2.00 MILLIMETER
6
This soil forming process includes the weathering of primary minerals, decomposition of organic residues, synthesis of organic acids, humus, and other materials, and causes change in size/arrangement of mineral particles.
transformation
7
Which among the following processes is a physical weathering process?
freezing and thawing
8
What do you call the distinctive layers present in a soil profile that is parallel to the ground surface?
soil horizon
9
Which among the horizon modifiers is used to denote lithologic discontinuities?
2BA
10
Which among the ff texture has the highest rate of decomposition of OM?
Sand
11
Which among the following does not influence the color of soil?
None of the above
12
Which among the following structure is most likely affected by tillage?
Crumb
13
Which of the ff conditions result to higher value of particle density?
high amount of iron oxides
14
Which among the ff categories of water surrounding soil particles provide sufficient moisture and is the most beneficial to most plants?
water at field capacity
15
Which among the soil textures below will show the highest capillary rise of water?
clay
16
It is the seat of various chemical reaction in the soil, what is this?
soil colloids
17
It is a process by which the positively charged ions in soil solution leave the solution and attach themselves loosely to the solid phase, which has a net negative charge, and at the same time, attached cations in the soil is released in the soil solution.
cation exchange
18
Calculate the mass pf exchangeable Ca2+ from a 15cm depth of soil in a 1000m2 land if the soil has a bulk density of 1.4g/cm3. (A kilogram of soil was initially found to have a 3.20 grams of Ca2+)
672 kg
19
How many grams of Ca2+ is needed to replace 4 of K+ in the soil? (Atomic weight of K+ is 39g/mol while the atomic weight of Ca2+ is 40g/mol)
2.05 g Ca+
20
What is the optimum soil pH of most agricultural crops?
6.5
21
What term describes the acidity wherein the hydrogen ion concentration is present in the soil moisture?
active acidity
22
A decomposer needs seven carbon and one nitrogen to decompose an organic material. Which among the organic materials will take the shortest time to decompose and would release the highest amount of nitrogen in the soil?
Kakawate (10:3 C/N ratio)
23
If the soil solution has H+ ion concentration of 0.001 M, calculate the pH of the soil solution.
3.000
24
This kind of erosion by water is typically observed in cultivated soil.
rill erosion
25
This factor in USLE describes the function of soil properties in the rate of erosion.
Erodibility
26
Which of the following is an example of a secondary mineral?
Kaolinite
27
High amount of allophane can be derived from this parent material
volcanic ash
28
It is a mechanism of soil transformation which pertains to reduction of iron in waterlogged conditions
gleization
29
Following the Munsell color chart, which of the following soil color would appear darker?
7.5YR 3/3
30
This practice is appropriate for highly alkaline soil
Application of fertilizers that form or contain ammonium
31
All of the following are considered compound fertilizer except
ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)
32
Phophorus and potassium are mainly absorbed by plants through what mechanism?
diffussion
33
It is an industrial process of producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
Haber-bosch
34
Nitrification is a two-step process. What microorganism is responsible in the second step.
Nitrobacter
35
Which of the following pools of phosphorus is considered the main source of available phosphorus for crops
Active P
36
In acidic soils, phosphorus is fixed by what element/s making it unavailable for plant uptake?
Fe & Al
37
This process captures and stores atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil to reduce greenhouse gas emission and address the climate change
Carbon sequestration
38
The type of earthworm feeds on surface leaf litter that they drag down into their burrows
Anecic earthworms
39
At what stage of composting process does initial organic matter decomposition occurs?
mesophilic stage
40
Which of the ff is an example of an actinomycete?
Streptomycetes griseus
41
Typic haplustept belong to what soil order?
Inceptisol
42
This soil is common in wetland areas such as marshes and swamps
histosol
43
The phosphate fertilizer is manufactured by the reaction of the apatite with sulfuric acid and water
ordinary superphosphate
44
A well-drained soil subject to excessive leaching of the basic cations are acidic and are defined with P, Ca, Mg, and Mo while lowland rice soils that are poorly drained and waterlogged are deficient with this elements
Zn and S
45
Which of the ff has the highest pH dependent negative charges?
OM
46
The horizons that show the characteristics of underlying or overlying horizons
transitional horizons
47
Microorganisms that are most active in the decaying of organic substances in soils are:
aerobes
48
The process of nutrient movement from the soil to roots which is largely dependent to root growth
root interception
49
A kind of soil erosion in which soil particles are removed on a more or less uniform depth
sheet erosion
50
A problem in soil usually found in mining areas characterized by excessive amount of heavy metals.
mine-tailing affected soil
51
One of the choices below is not a factor that determines the amount of lime to apply
time and frequency of liming
52
In a very extremely acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.0), these elements are toxic to plants except:
calcium
53
This is a substance produced by one organism, which inhibit growth of other organisms
antibiotic
54
This micronutrient is needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient in waterlogged soil
zinc
55
The soil microflora with the highest biomass are:
fungi
56
The stable product of organic matter
humus
57
This is not a biological process?
volatilization
58
The physical state of the soil as it relates to plant growth is known as soil
tilth
59
Indirect utilization of molecular nitrogen is:
Haber-bosch process
60
A chemical element is considered essential if
it is involved in metabolic functions in the plants
61
Plowing or cultivation has a great impact on soil formation. Which horizon shows cultivation?
Ap
62
Wind deposited parent materials
aeolian
63
This soil category defines largely on the basis of physical and minerological properties importance to plant growth.
family
64
Which is a more detailed map?
1:5,000
65
When the soil is flocculated, it means that the soil has a high amount of
calcium
66
The nutrient element that is easily lost and mostly required by plants.
nitrogen
67
Which of the ff soil microorganisms is the most numerous in soils?
bacteria
68
What soil order predominates in the Philippines?
Ultisols
69
Soil with high clay content and base saturation, fertile, not cracking and can support good crop growth is
alfisol
70
The movement of material out of a portion of soil profile
illuvation
71
The ideal bulk density value of soil
1.33g/cm3
72
The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is
hardness
73
Plants with too much nitrogen will responds the
following ways, except one:
Too rapid growth also hasten the hardening process that protects many plant winter colds
74
Plant roots depend on the process of respiration to obtain energy. Which is the true
about root respiration.
d. B&C
75
These are three general classes of alluvial deposits of parent material, they are as follows, except one:
Eolian
76
Physical disturbance and mixing of soil horizons by animals is called
Pedoturbation
77
Factor in wind erosion which relates mainly to texture and structure
Soil erodability
78
The most common method of applying starter is called
Banding
79
The first commercial nitrogen fertilizer was actually organic called
Guano
80
Mineral fertilizer is dissolved very slowly, and so their usefulness as fertilizer is limited
Lime
81
Indicates the primary nutrient content of the fertilizer is
Fertilizer grade
82
Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by the following, except:
man
83
This element exceedingly important to plants for two
chief reasons;
1) its presence in the soil neutralizes acids and increases the numbers and vigor of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and
2) essential to thecarbohydrates and protein metabolism of the plant. What is this mineral element?
Calcium
84
The most important macro animals in the soils. They are egg-laying hermaphrodites that eat detritus, soil organic matter and microorganism
earthworms
85
Which among the fertilizer enumerated is not a single element fertilizer?
Ammophos
86
Too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil results in
Too much vegetative growth
87
The important foods for soil microflora, which rapidly break them down to carbon dioxide and water
Carbohydrate
88
Organic matter causes soil particles to clump together to form what?
Soil aggregate
89
A deposit of rock and soil resulting from materials sliding down a slope under the force of gravity
Colluvial deposits
90
Soil is a medium for plant growth because plant depends on soil to supply four needs Such as, except one:
Oxygen
91
Soil is made of solid particles, between these solid particles are pore spaces that contain gases and/or water. This arrangement of solid particles and pore spaces is called
Soil Matrix
92
A section of soil extending from the surface to the depth of root penetration of the deepest-rooted plants
Pedon
93
A soil whose parent materials were carried and deposited in moving fresh water to form sediments is called
Alluvial soil
94
Parent material deposited more simply by sliding or rolling down a slope. This material is scattered in hilly or mountainous areas and is called
Colluvium
95
Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by, except one:
Temperature
96
A term that refers to the size of the mineral
particles in the soil. The size of soil particles, in turn, affects such as soil traits as water holding capacity and aeration is called
Soil texture
97
A term refers to the behavior of soil when the
pressure is applied. It relates to the degree that soil particles stick to one another and mostly results from certain types of clay is called
Soil consistence
98
Plasticity is how easily soil can be molded between the fingers while to determine stickiness, some soil is pressed between thumb and forefinger, and the amount that
sticks to the fingers is noted. This stickiness and plasticity are describe in what soil?
Wet soil
99
Clumps of soil caused by tillage is called
clods
100
Governs the way water behaves in the soil and
influences how easily a soil can be worked is a physical property of the soil called
Soil texture
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問題一覧
1
Which soil horizon is known as the topsoil
A horizon
2
If soil is shallow, the result would likely be:
I. Limited water retention and nutrient availability
II. Herbaceous crops can grow in this type of soil
III. It allows plants to penetrate deeply in the water table
I and II
3
Mechanism of nutrient movement by which nutrients are carried by mass movement of water
mass flow
4
In addition to H, the cation that tends to increase in exchangeable form with increasing soil acidity is?
Aluminum
5
The upper limit of sand (USDA)
2.00 MILLIMETER
6
This soil forming process includes the weathering of primary minerals, decomposition of organic residues, synthesis of organic acids, humus, and other materials, and causes change in size/arrangement of mineral particles.
transformation
7
Which among the following processes is a physical weathering process?
freezing and thawing
8
What do you call the distinctive layers present in a soil profile that is parallel to the ground surface?
soil horizon
9
Which among the horizon modifiers is used to denote lithologic discontinuities?
2BA
10
Which among the ff texture has the highest rate of decomposition of OM?
Sand
11
Which among the following does not influence the color of soil?
None of the above
12
Which among the following structure is most likely affected by tillage?
Crumb
13
Which of the ff conditions result to higher value of particle density?
high amount of iron oxides
14
Which among the ff categories of water surrounding soil particles provide sufficient moisture and is the most beneficial to most plants?
water at field capacity
15
Which among the soil textures below will show the highest capillary rise of water?
clay
16
It is the seat of various chemical reaction in the soil, what is this?
soil colloids
17
It is a process by which the positively charged ions in soil solution leave the solution and attach themselves loosely to the solid phase, which has a net negative charge, and at the same time, attached cations in the soil is released in the soil solution.
cation exchange
18
Calculate the mass pf exchangeable Ca2+ from a 15cm depth of soil in a 1000m2 land if the soil has a bulk density of 1.4g/cm3. (A kilogram of soil was initially found to have a 3.20 grams of Ca2+)
672 kg
19
How many grams of Ca2+ is needed to replace 4 of K+ in the soil? (Atomic weight of K+ is 39g/mol while the atomic weight of Ca2+ is 40g/mol)
2.05 g Ca+
20
What is the optimum soil pH of most agricultural crops?
6.5
21
What term describes the acidity wherein the hydrogen ion concentration is present in the soil moisture?
active acidity
22
A decomposer needs seven carbon and one nitrogen to decompose an organic material. Which among the organic materials will take the shortest time to decompose and would release the highest amount of nitrogen in the soil?
Kakawate (10:3 C/N ratio)
23
If the soil solution has H+ ion concentration of 0.001 M, calculate the pH of the soil solution.
3.000
24
This kind of erosion by water is typically observed in cultivated soil.
rill erosion
25
This factor in USLE describes the function of soil properties in the rate of erosion.
Erodibility
26
Which of the following is an example of a secondary mineral?
Kaolinite
27
High amount of allophane can be derived from this parent material
volcanic ash
28
It is a mechanism of soil transformation which pertains to reduction of iron in waterlogged conditions
gleization
29
Following the Munsell color chart, which of the following soil color would appear darker?
7.5YR 3/3
30
This practice is appropriate for highly alkaline soil
Application of fertilizers that form or contain ammonium
31
All of the following are considered compound fertilizer except
ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)
32
Phophorus and potassium are mainly absorbed by plants through what mechanism?
diffussion
33
It is an industrial process of producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
Haber-bosch
34
Nitrification is a two-step process. What microorganism is responsible in the second step.
Nitrobacter
35
Which of the following pools of phosphorus is considered the main source of available phosphorus for crops
Active P
36
In acidic soils, phosphorus is fixed by what element/s making it unavailable for plant uptake?
Fe & Al
37
This process captures and stores atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil to reduce greenhouse gas emission and address the climate change
Carbon sequestration
38
The type of earthworm feeds on surface leaf litter that they drag down into their burrows
Anecic earthworms
39
At what stage of composting process does initial organic matter decomposition occurs?
mesophilic stage
40
Which of the ff is an example of an actinomycete?
Streptomycetes griseus
41
Typic haplustept belong to what soil order?
Inceptisol
42
This soil is common in wetland areas such as marshes and swamps
histosol
43
The phosphate fertilizer is manufactured by the reaction of the apatite with sulfuric acid and water
ordinary superphosphate
44
A well-drained soil subject to excessive leaching of the basic cations are acidic and are defined with P, Ca, Mg, and Mo while lowland rice soils that are poorly drained and waterlogged are deficient with this elements
Zn and S
45
Which of the ff has the highest pH dependent negative charges?
OM
46
The horizons that show the characteristics of underlying or overlying horizons
transitional horizons
47
Microorganisms that are most active in the decaying of organic substances in soils are:
aerobes
48
The process of nutrient movement from the soil to roots which is largely dependent to root growth
root interception
49
A kind of soil erosion in which soil particles are removed on a more or less uniform depth
sheet erosion
50
A problem in soil usually found in mining areas characterized by excessive amount of heavy metals.
mine-tailing affected soil
51
One of the choices below is not a factor that determines the amount of lime to apply
time and frequency of liming
52
In a very extremely acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.0), these elements are toxic to plants except:
calcium
53
This is a substance produced by one organism, which inhibit growth of other organisms
antibiotic
54
This micronutrient is needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient in waterlogged soil
zinc
55
The soil microflora with the highest biomass are:
fungi
56
The stable product of organic matter
humus
57
This is not a biological process?
volatilization
58
The physical state of the soil as it relates to plant growth is known as soil
tilth
59
Indirect utilization of molecular nitrogen is:
Haber-bosch process
60
A chemical element is considered essential if
it is involved in metabolic functions in the plants
61
Plowing or cultivation has a great impact on soil formation. Which horizon shows cultivation?
Ap
62
Wind deposited parent materials
aeolian
63
This soil category defines largely on the basis of physical and minerological properties importance to plant growth.
family
64
Which is a more detailed map?
1:5,000
65
When the soil is flocculated, it means that the soil has a high amount of
calcium
66
The nutrient element that is easily lost and mostly required by plants.
nitrogen
67
Which of the ff soil microorganisms is the most numerous in soils?
bacteria
68
What soil order predominates in the Philippines?
Ultisols
69
Soil with high clay content and base saturation, fertile, not cracking and can support good crop growth is
alfisol
70
The movement of material out of a portion of soil profile
illuvation
71
The ideal bulk density value of soil
1.33g/cm3
72
The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is
hardness
73
Plants with too much nitrogen will responds the
following ways, except one:
Too rapid growth also hasten the hardening process that protects many plant winter colds
74
Plant roots depend on the process of respiration to obtain energy. Which is the true
about root respiration.
d. B&C
75
These are three general classes of alluvial deposits of parent material, they are as follows, except one:
Eolian
76
Physical disturbance and mixing of soil horizons by animals is called
Pedoturbation
77
Factor in wind erosion which relates mainly to texture and structure
Soil erodability
78
The most common method of applying starter is called
Banding
79
The first commercial nitrogen fertilizer was actually organic called
Guano
80
Mineral fertilizer is dissolved very slowly, and so their usefulness as fertilizer is limited
Lime
81
Indicates the primary nutrient content of the fertilizer is
Fertilizer grade
82
Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by the following, except:
man
83
This element exceedingly important to plants for two
chief reasons;
1) its presence in the soil neutralizes acids and increases the numbers and vigor of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and
2) essential to thecarbohydrates and protein metabolism of the plant. What is this mineral element?
Calcium
84
The most important macro animals in the soils. They are egg-laying hermaphrodites that eat detritus, soil organic matter and microorganism
earthworms
85
Which among the fertilizer enumerated is not a single element fertilizer?
Ammophos
86
Too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil results in
Too much vegetative growth
87
The important foods for soil microflora, which rapidly break them down to carbon dioxide and water
Carbohydrate
88
Organic matter causes soil particles to clump together to form what?
Soil aggregate
89
A deposit of rock and soil resulting from materials sliding down a slope under the force of gravity
Colluvial deposits
90
Soil is a medium for plant growth because plant depends on soil to supply four needs Such as, except one:
Oxygen
91
Soil is made of solid particles, between these solid particles are pore spaces that contain gases and/or water. This arrangement of solid particles and pore spaces is called
Soil Matrix
92
A section of soil extending from the surface to the depth of root penetration of the deepest-rooted plants
Pedon
93
A soil whose parent materials were carried and deposited in moving fresh water to form sediments is called
Alluvial soil
94
Parent material deposited more simply by sliding or rolling down a slope. This material is scattered in hilly or mountainous areas and is called
Colluvium
95
Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by, except one:
Temperature
96
A term that refers to the size of the mineral
particles in the soil. The size of soil particles, in turn, affects such as soil traits as water holding capacity and aeration is called
Soil texture
97
A term refers to the behavior of soil when the
pressure is applied. It relates to the degree that soil particles stick to one another and mostly results from certain types of clay is called
Soil consistence
98
Plasticity is how easily soil can be molded between the fingers while to determine stickiness, some soil is pressed between thumb and forefinger, and the amount that
sticks to the fingers is noted. This stickiness and plasticity are describe in what soil?
Wet soil
99
Clumps of soil caused by tillage is called
clods
100
Governs the way water behaves in the soil and
influences how easily a soil can be worked is a physical property of the soil called
Soil texture