SoilSc01

100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Which soil horizon is known as the topsoil

A horizon

If soil is shallow, the result would likely be: I. Limited water retention and nutrient availability II. Herbaceous crops can grow in this type of soil III. It allows plants to penetrate deeply in the water table

I and II

Mechanism of nutrient movement by which nutrients are carried by mass movement of water

mass flow

In addition to H, the cation that tends to increase in exchangeable form with increasing soil acidity is?

Aluminum

The upper limit of sand (USDA)

2.00 MILLIMETER

This soil forming process includes the weathering of primary minerals, decomposition of organic residues, synthesis of organic acids, humus, and other materials, and causes change in size/arrangement of mineral particles.

transformation

Which among the following processes is a physical weathering process?

freezing and thawing

What do you call the distinctive layers present in a soil profile that is parallel to the ground surface?

soil horizon

Which among the horizon modifiers is used to denote lithologic discontinuities?

2BA

Which among the ff texture has the highest rate of decomposition of OM?

Sand

Which among the following does not influence the color of soil?

None of the above

Which among the following structure is most likely affected by tillage?

Crumb

Which of the ff conditions result to higher value of particle density?

high amount of iron oxides

Which among the ff categories of water surrounding soil particles provide sufficient moisture and is the most beneficial to most plants?

water at field capacity

Which among the soil textures below will show the highest capillary rise of water?

clay

It is the seat of various chemical reaction in the soil, what is this?

soil colloids

It is a process by which the positively charged ions in soil solution leave the solution and attach themselves loosely to the solid phase, which has a net negative charge, and at the same time, attached cations in the soil is released in the soil solution.

cation exchange

Calculate the mass pf exchangeable Ca2+ from a 15cm depth of soil in a 1000m2 land if the soil has a bulk density of 1.4g/cm3. (A kilogram of soil was initially found to have a 3.20 grams of Ca2+)

672 kg

How many grams of Ca2+ is needed to replace 4 of K+ in the soil? (Atomic weight of K+ is 39g/mol while the atomic weight of Ca2+ is 40g/mol)

2.05 g Ca+

What is the optimum soil pH of most agricultural crops?

6.5

What term describes the acidity wherein the hydrogen ion concentration is present in the soil moisture?

active acidity

A decomposer needs seven carbon and one nitrogen to decompose an organic material. Which among the organic materials will take the shortest time to decompose and would release the highest amount of nitrogen in the soil?

Kakawate (10:3 C/N ratio)

If the soil solution has H+ ion concentration of 0.001 M, calculate the pH of the soil solution.

3.000

This kind of erosion by water is typically observed in cultivated soil.

rill erosion

This factor in USLE describes the function of soil properties in the rate of erosion.

Erodibility

Which of the following is an example of a secondary mineral?

Kaolinite

High amount of allophane can be derived from this parent material

volcanic ash

It is a mechanism of soil transformation which pertains to reduction of iron in waterlogged conditions

gleization

Following the Munsell color chart, which of the following soil color would appear darker?

7.5YR 3/3

This practice is appropriate for highly alkaline soil

Application of fertilizers that form or contain ammonium

All of the following are considered compound fertilizer except

ammonium sulfate (21-0-0)

Phophorus and potassium are mainly absorbed by plants through what mechanism?

diffussion

It is an industrial process of producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen

Haber-bosch

Nitrification is a two-step process. What microorganism is responsible in the second step.

Nitrobacter

Which of the following pools of phosphorus is considered the main source of available phosphorus for crops

Active P

In acidic soils, phosphorus is fixed by what element/s making it unavailable for plant uptake?

Fe & Al

This process captures and stores atmospheric carbon dioxide in the soil to reduce greenhouse gas emission and address the climate change

Carbon sequestration

The type of earthworm feeds on surface leaf litter that they drag down into their burrows

Anecic earthworms

At what stage of composting process does initial organic matter decomposition occurs?

mesophilic stage

Which of the ff is an example of an actinomycete?

Streptomycetes griseus

Typic haplustept belong to what soil order?

Inceptisol

This soil is common in wetland areas such as marshes and swamps

histosol

The phosphate fertilizer is manufactured by the reaction of the apatite with sulfuric acid and water

ordinary superphosphate

A well-drained soil subject to excessive leaching of the basic cations are acidic and are defined with P, Ca, Mg, and Mo while lowland rice soils that are poorly drained and waterlogged are deficient with this elements

Zn and S

Which of the ff has the highest pH dependent negative charges?

The horizons that show the characteristics of underlying or overlying horizons

transitional horizons

Microorganisms that are most active in the decaying of organic substances in soils are:

aerobes

The process of nutrient movement from the soil to roots which is largely dependent to root growth

root interception

A kind of soil erosion in which soil particles are removed on a more or less uniform depth

sheet erosion

A problem in soil usually found in mining areas characterized by excessive amount of heavy metals.

mine-tailing affected soil

One of the choices below is not a factor that determines the amount of lime to apply

time and frequency of liming

In a very extremely acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.0), these elements are toxic to plants except:

calcium

This is a substance produced by one organism, which inhibit growth of other organisms

antibiotic

This micronutrient is needed in the synthesis of auxin and is usually deficient in waterlogged soil

zinc

The soil microflora with the highest biomass are:

fungi

The stable product of organic matter

humus

This is not a biological process?

volatilization

The physical state of the soil as it relates to plant growth is known as soil

tilth

Indirect utilization of molecular nitrogen is:

Haber-bosch process

A chemical element is considered essential if

it is involved in metabolic functions in the plants

Plowing or cultivation has a great impact on soil formation. Which horizon shows cultivation?

Wind deposited parent materials

aeolian

This soil category defines largely on the basis of physical and minerological properties importance to plant growth.

family

Which is a more detailed map?

1:5,000

When the soil is flocculated, it means that the soil has a high amount of

calcium

The nutrient element that is easily lost and mostly required by plants.

nitrogen

Which of the ff soil microorganisms is the most numerous in soils?

bacteria

What soil order predominates in the Philippines?

Ultisols

Soil with high clay content and base saturation, fertile, not cracking and can support good crop growth is

alfisol

The movement of material out of a portion of soil profile

illuvation

The ideal bulk density value of soil

1.33g/cm3

The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is

hardness

Plants with too much nitrogen will responds the following ways, except one:

Too rapid growth also hasten the hardening process that protects many plant winter colds

Plant roots depend on the process of respiration to obtain energy. Which is the true about root respiration.

d. B&C

These are three general classes of alluvial deposits of parent material, they are as follows, except one:

Eolian

Physical disturbance and mixing of soil horizons by animals is called

Pedoturbation

Factor in wind erosion which relates mainly to texture and structure

Soil erodability

The most common method of applying starter is called

Banding

The first commercial nitrogen fertilizer was actually organic called

Guano

Mineral fertilizer is dissolved very slowly, and so their usefulness as fertilizer is limited

Lime

Indicates the primary nutrient content of the fertilizer is

Fertilizer grade

Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by the following, except:

man

This element exceedingly important to plants for two chief reasons; 1) its presence in the soil neutralizes acids and increases the numbers and vigor of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 2) essential to thecarbohydrates and protein metabolism of the plant. What is this mineral element?

Calcium

The most important macro animals in the soils. They are egg-laying hermaphrodites that eat detritus, soil organic matter and microorganism

earthworms

Which among the fertilizer enumerated is not a single element fertilizer?

Ammophos

Too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil results in

Too much vegetative growth

The important foods for soil microflora, which rapidly break them down to carbon dioxide and water

Carbohydrate

Organic matter causes soil particles to clump together to form what?

Soil aggregate

A deposit of rock and soil resulting from materials sliding down a slope under the force of gravity

Colluvial deposits

Soil is a medium for plant growth because plant depends on soil to supply four needs Such as, except one:

Oxygen

Soil is made of solid particles, between these solid particles are pore spaces that contain gases and/or water. This arrangement of solid particles and pore spaces is called

Soil Matrix

A section of soil extending from the surface to the depth of root penetration of the deepest-rooted plants

Pedon

A soil whose parent materials were carried and deposited in moving fresh water to form sediments is called

Alluvial soil

Parent material deposited more simply by sliding or rolling down a slope. This material is scattered in hilly or mountainous areas and is called

Colluvium

Most mineral soils come from parent materials moved from one area to another by, except one:

Temperature

A term that refers to the size of the mineral particles in the soil. The size of soil particles, in turn, affects such as soil traits as water holding capacity and aeration is called

Soil texture

A term refers to the behavior of soil when the pressure is applied. It relates to the degree that soil particles stick to one another and mostly results from certain types of clay is called

Soil consistence

Plasticity is how easily soil can be molded between the fingers while to determine stickiness, some soil is pressed between thumb and forefinger, and the amount that sticks to the fingers is noted. This stickiness and plasticity are describe in what soil?

Wet soil

Clumps of soil caused by tillage is called

clods

100

Governs the way water behaves in the soil and influences how easily a soil can be worked is a physical property of the soil called

Soil texture

CropSc 01

Anne Ranay · 100問 · 1年前

CropSc 01