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PHYSIO LEC 2 MODULE 3

PHYSIO LEC 2 MODULE 3
44問 • 2年前
  • Reinhard Lowell Sabido
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    They are the major organs of the respiratory system.

    Lungs

  • 2

    What is the functional units of lungs?

    Alveoli

  • 3

    The mammalian lung is an elastic structure Physiologist also describe it a "__________" It can be inflated like a balloon and accommodate more air

    compliant Lung

  • 4

    __________ - It means the extent to which the lung expands for each unit increase in trans pulmonary pressure

    Compliance of the Lung

  • 5

    _____________ - It is the difference between the alveolar pressure and pleural pressure.

    Trans Pulmonary Pressure

  • 6

    ___________ - It is the pressure of the fluid in the thin space between the Lung pleura and Chest Wall pleura = slightly negative pressure (mmHg)

    Pleural pressure

  • 7

    __________ - It is the pressure of the air inside the lung alveoli

    Alveolar pressure

  • 8

    ___________ - It refers to the air pressure in the lungs and the passages leading to them

    Intra pulmonic pressure

  • 9

    ___________ - It refers to the pressure in the thorax outside the lungs. It is sometimes called "intrathoracic pressure"

    Intra pleural pressure

  • 10

    Recoil tendency of the lungs means they always have a tendency to collapse because of the following reasons 1. They are made up of _____ fibers (can be stretched whenever filled with air). 2. They are due to the surface tension created by ______ molecules on the surface of the alveoli.

    elastic, water

  • 11

    Ways to counteract the recoil tendency of the lungs: 1. 2.

    Maintenance of the negative intra pleural pressure, Presence of pulmonary surfactant

  • 12

    It is a substance that prevents the air sacs of the lungs from collapsing by reducing the surface tension created by water molecules on the surface of the alveoli

    Pulmonary surfactant

  • 13

    It is a mixture of lipids, proteins, and Calcium ions secreted by the type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lungs. It provides interdependency of the alveoli and makes the alveoli stable when an individual exhale

    Pulmonary surfactant

  • 14

    Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant can lead to the development of ___________ (same in human and animals) It is characterized by cyanosis, dyspnea, and expiratory grunts It commonly occurs among Horses and Swine (Called __________) The syndrome's name was derived from the noise that is associated by respiratory grunts due to failure in the production of surfactants

    Respiratory Distress syndrome, Barker syndrome

  • 15

    ___________ is a chemical reaction wherein 02 is used to break glucose down in order to generate energy which is then used for cell function (with simultaneous production of CO2 and then remove from the tissues to its surrounding environment)

    Respiration

  • 16

    __________ - involves gaseous exchange between alveoli and the blood

    Pulmonary respiration

  • 17

    ___________ - involves gaseous exchange between the interstitial fluid (in the tissues) and the blood.

    Cellular respiration

  • 18

    2 types of respiration

    Pulmonary respiration, Cellular respiration

  • 19

    2 phases of respiration

    inhalation, exhalation

  • 20

    ___________ - By virtue of anatomy, no gaseous exchange lakes place because these areas are designed only for the passageway of air

    Anatomic dead space areas

  • 21

    Examples of Anatomic dead space area

    Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles

  • 22

    Examples of Physiologic dead space areas

    Damaged alveoli

  • 23

    ___________ - these are areas of respiratory tract that were previously participating in gaseous exchange. They lost their ability to perform gaseous exchange due to some diseases or abnormal conditions

    Physiologic dead space areas

  • 24

    It is the physical process wherein an individual inhalo and exhale air in and out of the lungs

    Breathing

  • 25

    2 types of breathing

    Abdominal breathing, Costal breathing

  • 26

    __________ the diaphragm moves, usually seen in a normal quiet type of respiration

    Abdominal breathing

  • 27

    __________ - the thorax moves, usually seen associated with painful respiration

    Costal breathing

  • 28

    It improves a dead space ventilation which cools the body by the ovaporation of water from the mucous membranes of the tissues involved (tongue)

    Panting

  • 29

    It is believed to be the result of the oscillating mechanism within the CNS

    Purring

  • 30

    It is usually seen among cats due to highly regular alternating activation of the diaphragm and intrinsic laryngeal muscles at a frequency of 25 times per second during inspiration and expiration

    Purring

  • 31

    _____ - difficulty in breathing

    Dyspnea

  • 32

    _______ - temporary cessation of breathing

    Apnea

  • 33

    _______ - rapid, shallow, panling type of breathing

    Polypnea

  • 34

    _______ - the rate and depth of breathing is increased

    Hyperpnea

  • 35

    ________ and _______ - increase and decrease in the PCO2, respectively in the blood.

    hypercapnia, hypocapnia

  • 36

    ________ - is a bluish or purplish coloration of the skin and mucous

    Cyanosis

  • 37

    __________ - is a condition of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia

    Asphyxia

  • 38

    __________ - provision of oxygen to the body at relatively high partial pressure of oxygen.

    Hyperbaric oxygenation

  • 39

    2 types of Hypoxia

    Ambient Hypoxia, Histotoxic Hypoxia

  • 40

    _______ - the failure of the alveoli to open or remain open (usually involves one or more areas of the lungs) due to occlusion of the bronchus or bronchiole

    Alelectasis

  • 41

    _________ is an acute inflammation of the lung that occurs in all species due to vanous reasons. It is characterized by the distended capillaries and alveoli which become filled with serous fluid (later mixed with erythrocyles, leukocytes and fibrin)

    Pneumonia

  • 42

    _________ - a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

    Emphysema

  • 43

    __________ - abnormal respiratory cycles. -The cycles sometimes occur in rapid succession (in pairs, triplets, or quadruplets), and are followed by varying intervals of apnea (observed in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital)

    Periodic breathing

  • 44

    Another periodic breathing, ______ - Stokes breathing is characterized by successive occurrence of respiratory cycles in a waxing and waning pattern (due to a delay in the perfusion of the lungs with blood to the subsequent arrival of the blood to the brain)

    Cheyne

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    They are the major organs of the respiratory system.

    Lungs

  • 2

    What is the functional units of lungs?

    Alveoli

  • 3

    The mammalian lung is an elastic structure Physiologist also describe it a "__________" It can be inflated like a balloon and accommodate more air

    compliant Lung

  • 4

    __________ - It means the extent to which the lung expands for each unit increase in trans pulmonary pressure

    Compliance of the Lung

  • 5

    _____________ - It is the difference between the alveolar pressure and pleural pressure.

    Trans Pulmonary Pressure

  • 6

    ___________ - It is the pressure of the fluid in the thin space between the Lung pleura and Chest Wall pleura = slightly negative pressure (mmHg)

    Pleural pressure

  • 7

    __________ - It is the pressure of the air inside the lung alveoli

    Alveolar pressure

  • 8

    ___________ - It refers to the air pressure in the lungs and the passages leading to them

    Intra pulmonic pressure

  • 9

    ___________ - It refers to the pressure in the thorax outside the lungs. It is sometimes called "intrathoracic pressure"

    Intra pleural pressure

  • 10

    Recoil tendency of the lungs means they always have a tendency to collapse because of the following reasons 1. They are made up of _____ fibers (can be stretched whenever filled with air). 2. They are due to the surface tension created by ______ molecules on the surface of the alveoli.

    elastic, water

  • 11

    Ways to counteract the recoil tendency of the lungs: 1. 2.

    Maintenance of the negative intra pleural pressure, Presence of pulmonary surfactant

  • 12

    It is a substance that prevents the air sacs of the lungs from collapsing by reducing the surface tension created by water molecules on the surface of the alveoli

    Pulmonary surfactant

  • 13

    It is a mixture of lipids, proteins, and Calcium ions secreted by the type II alveolar epithelial cells of the lungs. It provides interdependency of the alveoli and makes the alveoli stable when an individual exhale

    Pulmonary surfactant

  • 14

    Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant can lead to the development of ___________ (same in human and animals) It is characterized by cyanosis, dyspnea, and expiratory grunts It commonly occurs among Horses and Swine (Called __________) The syndrome's name was derived from the noise that is associated by respiratory grunts due to failure in the production of surfactants

    Respiratory Distress syndrome, Barker syndrome

  • 15

    ___________ is a chemical reaction wherein 02 is used to break glucose down in order to generate energy which is then used for cell function (with simultaneous production of CO2 and then remove from the tissues to its surrounding environment)

    Respiration

  • 16

    __________ - involves gaseous exchange between alveoli and the blood

    Pulmonary respiration

  • 17

    ___________ - involves gaseous exchange between the interstitial fluid (in the tissues) and the blood.

    Cellular respiration

  • 18

    2 types of respiration

    Pulmonary respiration, Cellular respiration

  • 19

    2 phases of respiration

    inhalation, exhalation

  • 20

    ___________ - By virtue of anatomy, no gaseous exchange lakes place because these areas are designed only for the passageway of air

    Anatomic dead space areas

  • 21

    Examples of Anatomic dead space area

    Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles

  • 22

    Examples of Physiologic dead space areas

    Damaged alveoli

  • 23

    ___________ - these are areas of respiratory tract that were previously participating in gaseous exchange. They lost their ability to perform gaseous exchange due to some diseases or abnormal conditions

    Physiologic dead space areas

  • 24

    It is the physical process wherein an individual inhalo and exhale air in and out of the lungs

    Breathing

  • 25

    2 types of breathing

    Abdominal breathing, Costal breathing

  • 26

    __________ the diaphragm moves, usually seen in a normal quiet type of respiration

    Abdominal breathing

  • 27

    __________ - the thorax moves, usually seen associated with painful respiration

    Costal breathing

  • 28

    It improves a dead space ventilation which cools the body by the ovaporation of water from the mucous membranes of the tissues involved (tongue)

    Panting

  • 29

    It is believed to be the result of the oscillating mechanism within the CNS

    Purring

  • 30

    It is usually seen among cats due to highly regular alternating activation of the diaphragm and intrinsic laryngeal muscles at a frequency of 25 times per second during inspiration and expiration

    Purring

  • 31

    _____ - difficulty in breathing

    Dyspnea

  • 32

    _______ - temporary cessation of breathing

    Apnea

  • 33

    _______ - rapid, shallow, panling type of breathing

    Polypnea

  • 34

    _______ - the rate and depth of breathing is increased

    Hyperpnea

  • 35

    ________ and _______ - increase and decrease in the PCO2, respectively in the blood.

    hypercapnia, hypocapnia

  • 36

    ________ - is a bluish or purplish coloration of the skin and mucous

    Cyanosis

  • 37

    __________ - is a condition of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia

    Asphyxia

  • 38

    __________ - provision of oxygen to the body at relatively high partial pressure of oxygen.

    Hyperbaric oxygenation

  • 39

    2 types of Hypoxia

    Ambient Hypoxia, Histotoxic Hypoxia

  • 40

    _______ - the failure of the alveoli to open or remain open (usually involves one or more areas of the lungs) due to occlusion of the bronchus or bronchiole

    Alelectasis

  • 41

    _________ is an acute inflammation of the lung that occurs in all species due to vanous reasons. It is characterized by the distended capillaries and alveoli which become filled with serous fluid (later mixed with erythrocyles, leukocytes and fibrin)

    Pneumonia

  • 42

    _________ - a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

    Emphysema

  • 43

    __________ - abnormal respiratory cycles. -The cycles sometimes occur in rapid succession (in pairs, triplets, or quadruplets), and are followed by varying intervals of apnea (observed in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital)

    Periodic breathing

  • 44

    Another periodic breathing, ______ - Stokes breathing is characterized by successive occurrence of respiratory cycles in a waxing and waning pattern (due to a delay in the perfusion of the lungs with blood to the subsequent arrival of the blood to the brain)

    Cheyne