HELMINTHS MIDTERMS

51問 • 2年前

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Greek words helminsor helminthos meaning _____.

worm

The best-documented parasitic disease known from the earliest times is undoubtedly that caused by the nematode worm __________

Dracunculus medinensis

__________ - flat worms, bilaterally symmetrical, leaf or ribbon-like almost symmetrical

Platyhelminthes

________ or flukes, leaf-shaped, unsegmented with alimentary tract.

Trematoda

_________ or tapeworms, segmented and without alimentary canal.

Cestoidea

_________ - round bodied or cylindrical worms, radial symmetry, usually sexes separate.

Nemathelminthes

_______ - contain all the roundworms of veterinary importance.

Nematoda

_________ - thorny headed worms, sexes separate

Acanthocephala

________ - highly evolved of all helminths. The group is of minor veterinary importance and leeches are the only parasitic members.

Annelida

4 Phyla of the Animal Kingdom

Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Acanthocephala, Annelida

__________ - male and female sexual organs in the same individual.

Monoecious

_________ - male and female sexual organs are in separate animals.

Dioecious

_____ – animal that is parasitised

Host

________ – an animal in which the adult, reproducing stage of the parasite occurs.

Final host

________ - the animal in which the parasite is commonly found

Primary host

__________ - one in which part of the immature phase of the cycle is spent and development occurs. It is therefore essential part of the cycle.

Intermediate host

________ - carries part of the immature stage of the parasite but no development occurs.

Transport host

__________ - harbors a larval stage of the parasite but cannot get rid of it and further development of the parasite depends upon ingestion of the paratenic host by the final host. It is not essential in the life cycle of the parasite.

Paratenic host

_________ - an animal from which infection may be passed to other species, in veterinary, usually from wild to domesticated stock.

Reservoir host

_________ - is that time which elapses between the entry of the infective stage into the final host and the demonstration of the presence of the adult parasite within the host.

Prepatent period

________ – is the study of the external requirements such as temperature, humidity, nutrition and pH for survival and functional efficiency of the organism

Bionomics

________ - capacity of an organism for biological success and is usually related to reproductive ability.

Biotic potential

_________ - without intermediate host

Direct life cycle

_________ - with intermediate host

Indirect life cycle

Trematoda or Flukes - dorso-ventrally flattened, unsegmented and leaf-like - organs in _________, no body cavity - with _______, hooks or clamps

parenchyma, suckers

Trematoda or Flukes - alimentary canal present - branched excretory system with flame cells (___________) - monoecious except the __________ - direct or indirect life cycle

solenocytes, Schistosomatidae

________ - parasitic chiefly on aquatic vertebrates like fishes, amphibians and reptiles. direct life cycle. e.g. Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus, _______

Monogenea, Benedenia

________ - to this group belong all the species parasitic in domesticated animals. Indirect life cycle; one, two or more intermediate hosts. e.g. Fasciola, _______, Schistosoma

Digenea, Eurytrema

__________ - parasitic in or on fishes, turtles, mollusca or crustacea; none on domesticated animals. e.g. ________

Aspidogastrea, Aspidogaster

Important Notes and Structures of Flukes: ________ – also known as flame cells or solenocytes Brain – _______ ring _________ – bisexuals (except in schistosomes) _______ – primitive penis ______ – composed of seminal vesicle, prostate gland and cirrus

Excretory cells, circumesophageal, Hermaphroditic, Cirrus, Cirrus organ

Important Notes and Structures of Flukes: ______ – secretes yolk ______ – shell gland ______ – unclear function ______ – for attachment ______ – consist of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and intestinal ceca: absent anus

Vitellaria, Mehli’s gland, Laurer’s canal, Suckers, Alimentary canal

General Life Cycle (Flukes): Egg → _______ → Sporocyst → _____ → ______ → Metacercaria → Adult

Miracidium, Redia, Cercaria

_______ – 2 suckers present – ventral away from the posterior end

diastome

______ – oral and ventral sucker present at each extremity

amphistome

________ – present oral sucker – absent ventral sucker

monostome

_________ – mouth opening located in the center of the ventral surface

gasterostome

__________ – body with constrictions which divides the body into 2

Holostome

_________ – presence of head collars

echinostome

_________ – unisexual

schistosome

________ – no tail

cercariaeum

_______ – most areas of the body are transparent

monostome

______ – oral sucker with anterior spine e.g. Echinostoma

xiphidiocercaria

________ – has collar spines

echinostome

_______ – forked tail – e.g. Schistosoma

furcocercous

______ – body is elongated and with granules

megarulous

_______ – possesses a lateral fin at 1/3 of its body length and a dorsoventral fin widen at about 2/3 of the length of its tail – e.g. Euryhelmis

parapleurolophocercous

______ – slender tail is a little longer than the body length and has dorsoventral finfold

pleurolophocercous

______ – has a stylet and a virgulate organ on its oral sucker

virgulate

_______ – long simple tail e.g. Fasciola

Leptocercous

_______ – dorsal, long, undulating fin fold e.g. Opistorchis

lephocercous

______ – very small and stumpy tail e.g. Paragonimus

microcercous

PHYSIO LEC MODULE 7

Reinhard Lowell Sabido · 48問 · 2年前

PHYSIO LEC MODULE 7