HISTO LAB

100問 • 2年前

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Components of tissues

Cell, Intercellular substances, Fluid

______________ - principal component is fiber which are arranged tightly together to make connective tissue thick or dense.

Dense connective tissue

___________ - arrangement that tensile, strength, and stretch resistance

Regular Dense Connective Tissue

2 types of Regular Dense Connective Tissue

Collagenous connective tissue, Elastic connective tissue

______________ - principal component is parallel bundles of collagen fibers between columns of fibroblast.

Collagenous Connective Tissue

Collagenous Connective tissue is found in:

Aponeurosis, Tendons, Ligaments

_______________ - principal component is elastic fibers which provides springiness and stretchability like ________ and ________. Minor component are ________

Elastic Connective Tissue, nuchal ligament, tunica media, collagen fibers

___________ - More fibers and fewer cells than loose CT

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue is found in:

Reticular layers, Capsules of organs

______________ • elongated cells • Striated, Voluntary • Derived from the prenatal fusion of many individual mononuclear myoblasts, • A single myocyte contains multiple oval nuclei, located peripherally within the cell. • Contains ______ which forms dots in cross-sections of the fiber • __________ is the component of myofibrils and is responsible in contraction

Skeletal Muscle, myofibrils, Myofilaments

Shape of Epithelial Cells • All epithelial cells when view viewed from the top are ______ in shape. • _____ appearance (top view) Edge: 1.) _________ - thin, flat, centrally locate nucleus 2.) _________ - equal on all sides 3.) _________ - tall, prismatic, polygonal in shape

polygonal, Fried egg, Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar

deals with the nature of individual cells

CYTOLOGY

Cytology uses _________ stain

Diff quick-modified wright

_____________ • Used in fungus • Example: ________ is an allergy caused by over-growth of bacteria and

Tape Cytology, Atopic dermatitis

________________ • Superficial laver is not covered by keratin or cornified material. • Give 3 examples

Non - keratinize, Esophagus, Vagina, Conjunctiva

_______________ - Principal component are fibers. - Found in Lamina Propria & ________ - Numerous resident cells is ________ - Resident cells Fibroblast, Foreign body giant cells, mast cells, macrophages, mesenchymal cells, __________, Reticular cells

Fibrous Connective Tissue, Tunica Submucosa, fibroblast, Pericytes

__________ its brown color is due to numerous _________ - Found in: hibernating rodents and animals - serve as thermal generation

Brown adipose cells, mitochondria

__________ looks like chicken wire

White adipose tissue

These are the examples of _________ Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Plasma cells, Pigment cells.

Transient cells

___________ - direct contact of slide to skin Example: Vaginal smear to detect which stage of ______

Impression smear, estrus

___________ - detection of mites and mage

skin scrapes

2 types of mange 1) ___________ - found in hair follicle, underneath 2.) ___________ - skin scrapings

Demodex, Sarcoptes

______________ - used in dermal masses, anything w/ swelling

Fine Needle Aspirate

Examples of Fine Needle Aspirate

Liver FNA, Thyroid FNA

_____________ - principal component are fine reticular fibers arranged in a network. Acts like a basket that holds the cells, particularly the _________. It tis found in the medullary cavity of ________

Reticular Connective Tissue, lymphocytes, lymph node

_______________ - a loose connective tissue with pigment containing cells. It is found in the iris, choroid and cillary body, and processes of the eye and in the connective tissues of pigmented skin.

Pigmented Connective Tissue

_____________ - Derived from surface epithelium - Highly specialized to performs secretory function

Epithelial Glands

____________ - no ducts, secretions (hormones), transported by blood and lymph to the site of utilization. Arrange as cords of clamps that abut blood capillaries.

Endocrine Glands

___________ - secretions are released into an external or internal surface, provided with ducts. Arranged Into a secretory unid with lumen and enclosed by a basement membrane.

Exocrine glands

______________ - Secretory - with an expanded theca (apical region) that contains mucin granules and a narrow stem (basal region) that contain a dense nucleus -Interspersed between typical columnar cells

Goblet cells

Amorphous substances are composed of _________, proteoglycans and ____________.

mucopolysaccharides, Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans

_____________ - Musin granules - Zymogen granules which are found in pancreas, secretes enzymes, particularly the pancreatic acinar cells.

Secretory Inclusion Bodies

_________ - Provides nutrition - Types: Lipid droplets, glycogen granules

Nutritive inclusion

_______________ - Inclusion body that is a product of breakdown of red blood cells. - Usually seen in Skin, Liver, Hemal node, Spleen, sometimes dead red blood cells can be screen off in the liver.

Hemosiderin

_____________ - the "wear and tear" pigment - shows up in area where there is high incidences of wear and tear.

Lipofuscin

________________ - most common pigment produces by melanocyte. - For pigmentation of skin and hair.

Melanin pigment

_________ covers the outer surfaces of the organ, and it lines the lumen as well (lumen of tubular organ)

Surface epithelium

_____________ - long and branched, increase the surface area of the epithelium and its main function is secretion. Found in the lining of respiratory tract.

Stereocilia

_________ - majority comes from ectoderm such as skin and its adnexa _________ - lining epithelium of urinary bladder (transitional), lining epithelium of ureter and uterus, respiratory tract vas deferens fallopian tube _________ - lining of Gastrointestinal Tract

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

_____________ - extracted from the palm fruit

Palmitoylethanolamide

_____________ - group of muscle cells or muscle fibers. - are also composed of _________ and inclusions like ordinary cells.

Muscle Tissues, organelles

____________ is not present in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found on moist surfaces.

stratum corneum

The layer of keratin-containing cells that fail to lose their nuclei as they migrate to the surface of the epithelium is termed the __________.

stratum superficiale

Normal skin bacteria of dogs: __________

S. pseudintermedius

Normal skin yeast of dogs: ____________

Malassezia Pachydermatis

__________ - Represent the basic unit of life; Has the ability to metabolize (sum of total chemical reaction)

Protoplasm

__________ is an epithelial adaptation to wear and tear on abraded surfaces. It normally occurs only in stratified squamous epithelium, not in other stratified types.

Keratinization

_____________ - Striated, Involuntary - Dense intercalated disks are present which allows the muscle cells to contract in a wave like pattern. - Intercalated disks are only visible on a longitudinal section. - Single nuclei located at the center of the cell and the cytoplasm is __________

Cardiac Muscle, acidophilic

_______________ - It refers to the changing shape of superficial cells of the epithelium, depending on the state of contraction or distention of the organ lined. - Water Impermeable due to large numbers of __________ between cells. - This impermeability protects the urinary tract from damaged caused by the presence of hypertonic urine (in mammals and birds), it also prevents dilution of the urine by osmosis.

Transitional Epithelium, zonula occludens

______________ - One of the two states of transitional epithelium; Has basal cuboidal layer; Middle layers polyhedral cells 1 to 2 superficial layers of squamous cells; Stretched epithelium is very similar to the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Stretched

____________ - tissue sectioning - uses _________ and _________ for staining

Histology, Hematoxylin, Eosin

The main difference of these 2 Scanning Electron - _________ Transmission Electron Microscope - ______

3D imaging, 2D imaging

__________ - "No form", Unorganized - Jelly-like and viscous - Forms ground substance found in the matrix. - Formed as barrier to bacteria and as a shock absorber

Amorphous

_______ - Cells are predominant component/primary "component"; Due to its thin nature, it cannot withstand wear and tear.

Epithelium

__________ - used to have a tissue before cutting into thin tissue and before putting to slide.

Paraffin Technique

________ is not miscible in alcohol

Xylene

1. Collect 2. _______ 3. Dehydration/Clearing - Alcohol - ______ (3 concentration) sets with 4. Embedding - Tissue is placed in warm paraffin wax and the melted wax fills the spaces. 5. Sectioning - Using ______ 6. Staining/Mounting - Hematoxylin and Eosin (HSE)

Fixation, Xylene, microtome

Hematoxylin (______) - Nucleic Acid Eosin (Pink) - __________

Purple, Cytoplasm

Types of Metabolism 1. _______ (make-up) 2. _______ (to substrate and metabolize degradation)

Anabolism, Catabolism

_______ - which means the ability to react to stimuli.

Irritability

__________ - which means the ability to contract/expand

Contractility

___________ - release of new substances

Secretion

___________ - impulses (nerve tissue and muscles

Conductivity

_________ - release of by product

Excretion

_________ - entry of substance in the cytoplasm

Endocytosis

_________ - Cell eating, larger molecules

Phagocytosis

__________ - Cell drinking, small/fine molecules

Pinocytosis

________ - maintain in continuity ________ - is not considered living things.

Propagate, Virus

___________ - not involve in basic metabolic process, they act as a support system of the cell.

Passive Organelles

___________ - does not play in metabolism of the cell. Its role is to guide the chromosomes to the opposite poles during PMAT.

Centriole

- Normally there are certain mitotic figure present but in the case of mast cell tumors, if you can find 10 mitotic figure per high power field then it is _________. - Tumors contain _______ that contains granules that contain histamine. - Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions

malignant, mast cells

1. ________ - formed in the base of basal ciliated cells. 2. ________ - oxidase and contains hydrogen peroxide. 3. ________ - serves as support system for cilia, forms cytoskeleton and its main protein components is tubulin. 4. ____________ - smaller bundle of tubulin, support structure of cilla

Basal bodies, Peroxisome, Microtubules, Microfilaments

2 types of Lysosomes: 1. _______ - Contains hydrolytic enzymes 2. _______ - Ingested materials for phagocytosis

Primary, Secondary

3 Kinds of Lysosomes: 1. ________ - eats solid body 2. ________ - tiny vesicles of the lysosomes 3. ________ - autophagic eats its own kind, dying/dead organelles.

Phagolysosome, Multivesicular, Autophagic vacuole

___________ is the space not occupied by the cell

Cell matrix

Types of Formed Substance: 1. Collagen fibers - predominant fiber in proper connective tissues; Called the "_____________" due to is biological tensile; Embedded with COL 1A, 2A, 3A and so on. 2. Elastic Fibers 3. Reticular Fibers

biological rope

Types of Collagen Fibers: 1. Type I (banded) Present in skin, _____, bone 2. Type II (unbanded) Present in ______ 3. Type III • Present in _________ • Neither banded or unbanded 4. Type IV (unbanded) Present _______

tendon, cartilage, reticular fibers, basal lamina

__________ - Stretchability - Springiness - tissue - It can form into sheet - Made-up of elastin - Dense regular elastic tissue a. __________ - Long, narrow, straight branched bands with rough edges. b. ________ - Individual fibers-thinner than collagen

Elastic Fibers, Ligamentum ligament, Areolar

___________ -Made-up of type III collagen -Structural support -Net like arrangement -Act as "scaffold" -Found in periodic acid Schiff stain -Under epithelium/epidermis, blood vessels

Reticular Fibers

4 Major Types of Tissue

Epithelium, Connective, Muscle, Nerve

Characteristics of an Epithelium o Joined by _________ o _________ (independent) o Subjected to wear and tear o Secretory, Absorptive, excretory and others. o Very little intercellular space.

junctional complex, Avascular

Identifiable surfaces of an Epithelium

Lateral junction, Basal surface, Apical surface

Lateral specialization/lateral junction a. ________ (tight junction) - superficial, form a belt that completely encircles cells near apical borders. b. _________ (intermediate junction) c. _________ (desmosome) - *that lie on the basal membrane, to help stick the cells to the underlying basal lamina. d. Glycocalyx e. Junctional complexes f. ____________ - cytoplasmic folds on the lateral surfaces of adjacent cells that interdigitate with each other. g. ___________ - not for adhesion but for communication between adjacent cells, site of lowered resistance to passage e of ions.

Zona occludens, Zona adherens, Macula adherens, Lateral interdigitations, Gap junctions

Basal surface a. ___________& (Basement membrane) - non-living amorphous substance; it constitutes proteoglycans particularly heparan sulfate, laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen b. ____________ a half desmosome facing the basement membrane. c. ___________ - Bulb-like invaginations of the basal cell membrane; Infolding, reverse microvilli; May contain mitochondria; Seen in smooth muscles; For contraction

Basal Lamina, Hemidesmosome, Caveola

Apical a. __________ - Long; Larger than cilia; Finger like cytoplasmic projection from the apical or luminal boarder, Gives epithelium striated or brush border; For the absorption; Outfolding of the cytoplasm; Found in intestinal and renal epithelium; They increase surface area without increasing the cell size. b. ________ - hairlike projections; catches foreign substance trapped in the mucus; It is for the movement of a cellular membrane protrusion.

Microvilli, Cilia

Type of epithelium: __________ Respiratory (Alveoli) Blood vessels (endothelium) Body cavities (mesothelium

Simple Squamous

Type of epithelium: __________ Parietal layer of glomerular capsule/bowman's capsule Pleura Peritoneum Pericardium Anterior chamber of the eye

Simple Squamous

Type of epithelium: __________ - Specific tubules of the testis - Lining membrane of small ducts of exocrine glands - Collecting tubules of kidney: proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules of kidney Surface epithelium of ovary

Simple cuboidal

Type of epithelium: ___________ Surface of lens and iris Choroid plexus (secretes CSF) Ciliary body of the eye

Simple cuboidal

Type of epithelium: ___________ Lining the follicles of the thyroid glands Retinal pigment epithelium In general: tubular glands

Simple cuboidal

__________ - motile, helps in the movement of materials along a sheet of epithelium and i of absorption. Found in epididymis.

Kinocilia

______________ - has 1 layer of typical columnar cells - Lines the medium size ducts of exocrine glands such as the uterine glands, duct portion of salivary glands.

Simple Columnar Epithelium with typical columnar cells

____________ are important in chickens, it secretes the shell and the bloom or specks

Uterine glands

Type of Epithelium: __________________ Bulbourethral Glandular stomach Uterus/fallopian tube (fan shaped) Cervix of uterus

Simple Columnar Epithelium with mucus secreting columnar cells

Type of epithelium: ____________ small intestine mucosal surface large intestine mucosal surface

Simple columnar epithelium with secretory and absorptive cells

2 kinds of cilia a. _________ - for the movement of mature spermatocytes found in the epididymis. Can be found in fallopian tube for the movement of the ovum b. __________ - known as the escalator of the respiratory system. Moves upward for the movement of debris, foreign substances, and mucus found in the respiratory tract.

Kinocilia, Stereocilia

_______________ - Pyramidal (morphology); rest on the basement membrane but do not extend to the luminal surface. Nuclei are located basally.

Short cells of transitional epithelium

_________________ - Has stereocilia but lack goblet cells - Lines the duct of the epididymis and ductus deferens.

Pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

_______________ - 2 (bistratified) or more cell layers - The multi layered epithelium consists of the following: a. ________ - a layers of cuboidal to columnar cells that rest on a wavy or undulating basement membrane b. ________ - one to several layers of polyhedral or polygonal cells. c. _________ - one to several layers of squamous cell that lie parallel the luminal or external surface.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium, Basal Layer, Middle Layer, Superficial Layer

100

5 Distinct layers: 1) __________ - deepest layer 2) __________ - has spiny process called cytokeratin filament 3) __________ - absent in nonkeratinized epithelium 4) __________ - only occurs in non-hairy skin regions. 5) __________ - outermost layer which consist of dead, keratinized cells which is resistant to environmental irritant.

Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum

PHYSIO LEC MODULE 7

Reinhard Lowell Sabido · 48問 · 2年前

PHYSIO LEC MODULE 7