PHILOSOPHY MELC 4-6

31問 • 3年前

問題一覧

who defined truth as something that has passed “procedures of justification”

richard rorty

It is a statement of judgement of a person about something in this world. This statement has to be further justified and must be supported by evidences.

opinion

What are The Domains of Truth

Scientific/Objective Domain, Social Domain and Personal Domain

refers to the natural world that is relatively unaffected by the perspective and attitude of human beings who perceive it. This domain is put to the test in terms of empirical evidence. (What domain)

Scientific/Objective Domain

is equivalent to a general agreement or consensus on what is right as opposed to what is wrong. Some things are true or good in a particular milieu, while they are false or wrong in another milieu. This domain is evaluated in terms of its acceptability to a specific group at a specific point in history. (what domain)

Social Domain

is in congruence with sincerity. It needs equivalent actions that will establish trust. A person who demonstrates that what he/she says about himself/herself is true is viewed as genuine and trustworthy. This domain is tested against the consistency and authenticity of the person who claims it.

Personal Domain

is the study of how to do philosophy. A common view among philosophers is that philosophy is distinguished by the ways that philosophers follow in addressing philosophical questions. There is not just one way that philosophers use in answering philosophical questions that leads to truth.

Method of philosophy

Statements are deconstructed or questioned to come up with the actual truth that is believed to rest on the roots of arguments. Conflicting ideas are seen as invalid sources of the truth, and probing questions are immediately derived from the given statements. This Method has been emphasized to use statement deconstructions and creative questioning to delve deeper into an issue. It is a systematic process whereby random and ambiguous ideas are eliminated to reach a sound conclusion. Reaching an endpoint, therefore, would only mean that truth has been realized, a new knowledge has been acquired.

Socratic Method

is a method of coming up with a true conclusion based on contradicting logical ideas. This method can easily be seen in the day-to-day interactions of people. It is much like a debate that poses two clashing but valid arguments to determine an endpoint that is correct and true. In this sense, the truth of both arguments is always expected to rise from each conversation. The aim of this, as a process of the dialogue, is the clarification of controversial notions and arguments with other people.

Dialectic Method or Dialectics

is a process of gathering evidences, examining them, and formulating ideas about the past to come up with present truths. Because history is repetitive, it is believed that the things that are occurring at present already happened in the past. Following this logic, the historical method serves the purpose of digging into historical data and analyzing together the findings to come up with a conclusion. The use of the method, therefore, leads to knowledge that is true and evidence-based

Historical Method

is a process of determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, reasoning and hypothesis or theory testing. This method should always be concluded with supporting evidence. The use of observation in this is a critical aspect of supporting empirical conclusions.

Scientific Method or Empirical Method

4 Method of philosophy

Socratic Method, Dialectic Method or Dialectics, Historical Method and Scientific Method or Empirical Method

Someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent's feelings of pity or guilt.

Appeal to Pity

This fallacy attempts to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic or belief of the person advocating the premise.

Against the Person

One reasons logically that something true of a thing must be also be true of all or some parts of it.

Fallacy of Division

Whatever has not been proved false must be true, and vice versa.

Appeal to Ignorance

This is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times, but giving the particular word a different meaning each time.

Fallacy of Equivocation

This fallacy is also referred to as coincidental correlation, or correlation not causation.

False Cause

An argument where force, coercion, or threat of force, is given as justification for a conclusion.

Appeal to Force

This fallacy is common based on a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population.

Hasty generalization

This infers that something is true of what the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole.

Fallacy of Composition

An argument that appeals or exploits people vanities, desire, esteem and anchoring on popularity.

Appeal to People

In logic, errors or mistakes in reasoning are called

fallacies

The term Fallacy came from the Latin word _____, which means "_________" or "______." Hence, fallacies are false reasoning.

Faller, Deception, False

10 Types of Fallacies

1. Against the Person (Argumentum ad hominem) 2. Appeal to Force (Argumetum ad baculum) 3. Appeal to People (Argumentum ad populum) 4. Appeal to pity (Argumentum ad misericordiam) 5. Appeal to ignorance (Argumentum ad ignorantiam) 6. Fallacy of Equivocation 7. Fallacy of Composition 8. Fallacy of Division 9. False cause (post hoc) 10. Hasty generalization

Argumentum ad hominem

Against the Person

Argumetum ad baculum

Appeal to Force

Argumentum ad populum

Appeal to People

Argumentum ad misericordiam

Appeal to pity

Argumentum ad ignorantiam

Appeal to ignorance

post hoc

False cause

PHILOSOPHY MELC 4-6

JAY CEE DELA ROSA · 31問 · 3年前

PHILOSOPHY MELC 4-6