ETHICS 1-3

58問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Refers to the philosophical study of the concepts of morally right and wrong and moral good and bad, to any philosophical theory of what is morally right and wrong or good and bad, and to any system or code of moral rules, principles, or values.

Ethics

Ethics is also called _____.

Moral Philosophy

The discipline concerned with what is morally good or bad and morally right and wrong.

Ethics

ETHIC MATTERS BECAUSE, it could be “rational” for a self-interested person to be moral, because his or her self-interest is arguably best served in the long run by reciprocating the moral behaviour of others. by _____.

Singer (2023)

Which philosopher is mentioned as having explored questions of ethics in Ancient Greece?

Socrates

His influence on the subsequent course of ancient philosophy was so great that the cosmologically oriented philosophers who generally preceded him are conventionally referred to as the _____. By (Kraut, 2023)

Pre-Socratics

Are sets of explicit or understood regulations or principles governing conduct within a particular activity or sphere.

Rules

_____ wrote that in political science, is a principle to which action should conform or a widely accepted standard of behaviour.

Lowndes (2017)

_____ defined rules as prescriptions that define which actions are required, prohibited, or permitted and that specify sanctions for noncompliance.

Elinor Ostrom

Who is the american political scientist and a cowinner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Science that defined rules as prescriptions…

Elinor Ostorm

_____ are consciously designed and clearly specified.

Formal Rules

____ are not consciously designed or specified in writing. They are routines, customs, and conventions that are part of habitual action.

Informal Rules

Rules that are rooted in custom and tradition, informal rules are particularly difficult to change.

Invisible Rules

It is not uncommon for long-standing informal rules to persist in the face of new formal rules with which they are inconsistent. By _____.

Lowndes (2017)

Latin term which refers to custom, norm, or behaviors acceptable to a group.

Greek term which refers to custom, character, or expected behaviors.

Ethikos

A _____ is choosing the most preferred or higher good, values, principles, rules, standards over other goods, values, rules, and standards.

Moral Experience

_____ are ethical rules or moral principles, which are also called moral or ethical values; they are most valuable or with the highest quality of rules.

Moral Standards

_____ are the rules that are not moral principles; hence, there are laws that are not necessarily moral.

Non-Moral Standards

_____ in which moral experience occurs, moral standards are prioritized or chosen, and moral arguments are developed to support a decision.

Moral Dilemma

is the effort to guide one’s conduct by reason—that is, to do what there are the best reasons for doing—while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual who will be affected by what one does. By Rachel (1993)

Morality

Greek word means ‘having two of’

Greek word means ‘premise, proposition’.

lemma

_____ are difficult situations in which one could not clearly or easily make choices or answers.

Moral Dilemma

It pertains to the motive, purpose, goal, or “end of the agent” for which an action is done.

Intention

These are the instruments, methods, or actions by which the intention is carried out.

Means

It consists of the important conditions of the agent such as the time, place, process, situation, and other persons involved. This usually answers what, when, where, who and how.

Circumstance

The act’s form, substance, basis, direction, or object about which the action is made. It is the “end of the object,” consequence, outcome, actual conclusion, or result.

End

This is a personal moral problem, dealt with and solved by the same single person.

Individual Dilemma

This is a common managerial ethical problem that exists and is solved within an institution or organization.

Organizational Dilemma

This is a moral case on a macro level where networks of institutions and operative theoretical paradigms are massively involved.

Structural Dilemma

Minimum requirement for morality.

Reason and Impartiality

According to _____, culture is at the root of human alienation from the environment.

Kohak (1984)

Latin word which means culture

Cultus

means ‘giving respect to the sacredness of all’.

cultus

_____ defined culture as a concept that refers to a broad and diverse collection of often intangible areas of social life.

Cole (2019)

_____ introduced culture as the collective knowledge and schemes generated by a group of people to perceive, view, convey, and react to the social realities around them.

Lederach (1995)

_____ explicated culture as the characteristics and awareness of a specific community of people, including language, religion, food, social behavior, etiquette, fashion, music, and the arts.

Zimmerman (2017)

Who shared five points in how culture influences the moral development of the people.

Leano and Gubia-on

How many points does BARING share on how culture influences moral development?

5 Points

means that we do not judge a society by our own criteria of what is right or wrong, odd or natural. Rather, we will make an effort to understand the cultural traditions of other communities in their own cultural context.

Cultural Relativism

refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty.

Moral Character

Greek term that referred to the mark impressed upon a coin.

Charakter

represents the concept that individual’s actions are based upon inner moral virtue where Aristotle was the leading figure of it.

Virtue Ethics

is a principle that suggests that a moral behavior is one that is in the middle of two extremes.

Doctrine of the Mean

are particular kinds of properties or characteristics that objects can possess.

Dispositions

A moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a positive reactive attitude, such as praise or gratitude.

Virtue

A moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a negative reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame.

Vice

A way actions become automatic is through what Aquinas calls _____ , that is, inclination or disposition, an inclination, a willingness, to respond charitably to anyone in need as the situation arises.

Habitus

According to _____, the human being is self-governing in that he can carry out a human action or not carry it out as he wills.

Mitchell (2015)

American psychologist and educator known for his theory of moral development.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, a comprehensive stage theory of moral development based on _____ theory of moral judgment for children

Jean Piaget

What do you call the 1st level of Kohlbergs theory?

Preconventional Level

What do you call the stages 1 and 2 of the 1st level of Kohlbergs theory?

Punishment and Obedience Orientation Instrumental Purpose Orientation

What do you call the 2nd level of Kohlbergs theory?

Conventional Level

What do you call the stages 3 and 4 of the 2nd level of Kohlbergs theory?

Good Boy/ Nice Girl Orientation Law and Order Orientation

What do you call the 3rd level of Kohlbergs theory?

Postconventional or Principled Level

What do you call the stages 5 and 6 of the 3rd level of Kohlbergs theory?

Social Contract Orientation Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

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