AB PSYCH 1
問題一覧
1
THE DISORGANIZE SPEECH, NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS CATATONIC BEHAVIOR (IMMOBILE OR UNRESPONSIVE), AND POSITIVE SYMPTOMS (DELUSION AND HALLUCINATIONS) ARE KNOWN AS
PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
2
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION CAUSING DISTRESS OR IMPAIRED FUNCTIONING, WITH NOT TYPICAL OR CULTURALLY EXPECTED RESPONSES.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
3
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THEIR CLINICAL WORK
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
4
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO THEIR CLINICAL WORK
SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONERS
5
UNIQUE COMBINATION OF BEHAVIOR, THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS
CLINICAL DESCRIPTION
6
HOW MANY PEOPLE IN THE POPULATION HAVE THE DISORDER
PREVALENCE
7
HOW MANY NEW CASES OCCUR DURING A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME
INCIDENCE
8
HOW DISORDERS FOLLOW AN INDIVIDUAL PATTERN
COURSE
9
ANTICIPATED COURSE OF A DISORDER
PROGNOSIS
10
STUDY OF ORIGIN; WHY A DISORDER BEGINS
ETIOLOGY
11
AGENTS OUTSIDE OF OUR BODY AND THEY TREAT IT USING EXORCISM AND POTIONS
SUPERNATURAL
12
AN HISTORICAL CONCEPTS THAT ATTRIBUTED IN DISEASE OR BIOCHEMICAL IMBALANCES AND CAN BE TREAT WITH PHYSICAL CARE AND DRUGS
BIOLOGICAL
13
A CONCEPT THAT IS ATTRIBUTED TO FAULTY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CONTEXT AND CAN BE TREATED BY MORAL THERAPY AND MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
PSYCHOLOGICAL
14
A THEORY THAT ELABORATED THE CONCEPTION OF THE UNCONSCIOUS. IT HAS A THERAPY THAT FOCUSED ON TAPPING INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS USING CATHARSIS, FREE ASSOCIATION, AND DREAM ANALYSIS
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD
15
CHARACTERIZED BY PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS AND A NOTED DETERIORATION IN ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING, WHICH MAY INCLUDE FEATURES SUCH AS HOSTILITY AND AGGRESSION. THE DISORDER OFTEN PRESENTS WITH NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, WHICH ARE MORE PREVALENT IN MALES. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE EPISODES, WITH SYMPTOMS PERSISTING FOR AT LEAST SIX MONTHS, AND A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING
SCHIZOPHRENIA
16
THIS DISORDER IS DEFINED BY THE FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS LASTING FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH BUT LESS THAN SIX MONTHS. IT SHARES SIMILAR SYMPTOMS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE THE SAME DURATION FOR DIAGNOSIS. THIS DISORDER IS MORE COMMON IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND MAY LEAD TO SCHIZOAFFECTIVE OR SCHIZOPHRENIA IF SYMPTOMS PERSIST.
SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
17
IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A SUDDEN ONSET OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS, WHICH CAN OCCUR WITHIN TWO WEEKS WITHOUT A PRODROMAL PHASE. THE INDIVIDUAL MAY EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT EMOTIONAL TURMOIL AND CONFUSION, BUT FUNCTIONING IS NOT SEVERELY IMPAIRED. THIS DISORDER TYPICALLY LASTS LESS THAN A MONTH.
BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
18
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES THE PRESENCE OF ONE OR MORE DELUSIONS THAT PERSIST FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH. UNLIKE SCHIZOPHRENIA, INDIVIDUALS WITH THIS KIND OF DISORDER DO NOT EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. COMMON TYPES INCLUDE PERSECUTORY AND JEALOUS DELUSIONS, WITH A HIGHER PREVALENCE IN MALES.
DELUSIONAL DISORDER
19
THIS DISORDER IS MARKED BY AT LEAST ONE MANIC EPISODE, WHICH MAY BE PRECEDED OR FOLLOWED BY HYPOMANIC OR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES. THE MANIC EPISODES CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING AND MAY INCLUDE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM AND RACING THOUGHTS. THE ONSET OF THE FIRST MANIC EPISODE TYPICALLY OCCURS AROUND 18 YEARS OF AGE.
BIPOLAR I DISORDER
20
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY ONE OR MORE DEPRESSIVE EPISODES AND AT LEAST ONE HYPOMANIC EPISODE, BUT NO FULL MANIC EPISODES. INDIVIDUALS OFTEN EXPERIENCE A CHANGE IN FUNCTIONING DURING DEPRESSIVE EPISODES, WHICH CAN LAST FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS. THIS IS MORE COMMON IN YOUTHS AGED 12 AND OLDER.
BIPOLAR II DISORDER
21
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A DEPRESSED MOOD LASTING FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, ACCOMPANIED BY A LOSS OF INTEREST OR PLEASURE IN MOST ACTIVITIES. THIS DISORDER CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR DAILY FUNCTIONING AND IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG FEMALES, PARTICULARLY THOSE AGED 18-29. RISK FACTORS INCLUDE NEUROTICISM AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES.
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
22
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC MOOD DISTURBANCES INVOLVING PERIODS OF HYPOMANIC SYMPTOMS AND PERIODS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS THAT DO NOT MEET THE CRITERIA FOR A MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE. THIS DISORDER CAN LAST FOR AT LEAST TWO YEARS IN ADULTS AND ONE YEAR IN CHILDREN. IT IS EQUALLY COMMON IN MALES AND FEMALES.
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
23
IT IS MARKED BY A DISRUPTION OF IDENTITY CHARACTERIZED BY TWO OR MORE DISTINCT PERSONALITY STATES. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS OR IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF THESE DISTINCT IDENTITIES. THIS DISORDER OFTEN ARISES FROM OVERWHELMING EXPERIENCES OR TRAUMATIC EVENTS IN CHILDHOOD.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
24
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES AN INABILITY TO RECALL IMPORTANT AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION, USUALLY RELATED TO A TRAUMATIC OR STRESSFUL EVENT. THE AMNESIA CAN BE LOCALIZED, SELECTIVE, OR GENERALIZED, AND IT CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS OR IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE PREVALENT IN FEMALES.
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
25
IT INVOLVES FEELINGS OF UNREALITY OR DETACHMENT FROM ONESELF, WHILE DEREALIZATION INVOLVES DETACHMENT FROM THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. THESE EXPERIENCES CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. INDIVIDUALS MAY REPORT FEELING LIKE AN OUTSIDE OBSERVER OF THEIR THOUGHTS OR BODY.
DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER
26
IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF DISREGARD FOR AND VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS, OFTEN BEGINNING IN CHILDHOOD. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT DECEITFUL AND MANIPULATIVE BEHAVIORS, AND THE DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT IN MALES. COMORBID CONDITIONS MAY INCLUDE SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
27
THIS DISORDER IS MARKED BY INSTABILITY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, SELF-IMAGE, AND AFFECT, ALONG WITH MARKED IMPULSIVITY. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE INTENSE FEARS OF ABANDONMENT AND ENGAGE IN SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS. IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES AND OFTEN CO-OCCURS WITH MOOD DISORDERS.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
28
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE EMOTIONALITY AND ATTENTION-SEEKING BEHAVIOR. INDIVIDUALS MAY BE UNCOMFORTABLE WHEN THEY ARE NOT THE CENTER OF ATTENTION AND OFTEN USE THEIR APPEARANCE TO DRAW ATTENTION. THIS DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT IN FEMALES.
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
29
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF GRANDIOSITY, NEED FOR ADMIRATION, AND A LACK OF EMPATHY. INDIVIDUALS MAY HAVE AN EXAGGERATED SENSE OF SELF-IMPORTANCE AND A STRONG SENSE OF ENTITLEMENT. THIS DISORDER IS MORE COMMON IN MALES.
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
30
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF SOCIAL INHIBITION, FEELINGS OF INADEQUACY, AND HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NEGATIVE EVALUATION. INDIVIDUALS OFTEN AVOID SOCIAL INTERACTIONS DUE TO FEARS OF CRITICISM OR REJECTION. IT IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD SHYNESS AND ISOLATION.
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
31
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A PERVASIVE AND EXCESSIVE NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF, LEADING TO SUBMISSIVE AND CLINGING BEHAVIORS. INDIVIDUALS MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY MAKING DECISIONS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE ADVICE AND REASSURANCE FROM OTHERS. IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES.
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
32
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PREOCCUPATION WITH ORDERLINESS, PERFECTIONISM, AND CONTROL. INDIVIDUALS MAY BE EXCESSIVELY DEVOTED TO WORK AND PRODUCTIVITY, OFTEN AT THE EXPENSE OF LEISURE AND RELATIONSHIPS. THIS DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG MALES.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER
33
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES EXCESSIVE ANXIETY AND WORRY ABOUT A NUMBER OF EVENTS OR ACTIVITIES, WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SUCH AS RESTLESSNESS AND FATIGUE. IT IS PREVALENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS.
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
34
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY INTENSE FEAR OR ANXIETY ABOUT SOCIAL SITUATIONS WHERE THE INDIVIDUAL MAY BE SCRUTINIZED BY OTHERS. THIS DISORDER OFTEN LEADS TO AVOIDANCE OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR DAILY FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
35
IT INVOLVES RECURRENT, UNEXPECTED PANIC ATTACKS, WHICH ARE ABRUPT SURGES OF INTENSE FEAR OR DISCOMFORT. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SUCH AS PALPITATIONS AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH DURING THESE ATTACKS. THE ONSET TYPICALLY OCCURS IN LATE ADOLESCENCE OR EARLY ADULTHOOD.
PANIC DISORDER
36
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PATTERN OF ANGRY/IRRITABLE MOOD, ARGUMENTATIVE/DEFIANT BEHAVIOR, AND VINDICTIVENESS. THIS DISORDER IS OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN AND CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG CHILDREN WITH ADHD.
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
37
IT INVOLVES A REPETITIVE AND PERSISTENT PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR WHERE THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS ARE VIOLATED. THIS DISORDER CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL, ACADEMIC, AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING. IT TYPICALLY BEGINS IN CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENCE.
CONDUCT DISORDER
38
A 24-YEAR-OLD MALE PRESENTS WITH A SUDDEN ONSET OF PSYCHOSIS WITHIN TWO WEEKS, WITHOUT A PRODROME. HE IS EXPERIENCING EMOTIONAL TURMOIL AND OVERWHELMING CONFUSION. HIS FUNCTIONING IS SEVERELY IMPAIRED, BUT THE SYMPTOMS LAST FOR LESS THAN ONE MONTH. WHICH DIAGNOSIS IS MOST LIKELY?
BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
39
A 50-YEAR-OLD MALE HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING PERSISTENT DELUSIONS OF PERSECUTION FOR OVER SIX MONTHS. HE DOES NOT EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL OR OCCUPATIONAL IMPAIRMENT, AND THE DELUSIONS ARE A CENTRAL FEATURE OF HIS CONDITION. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DELUSIONAL DISORDER
40
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN EXPERIENCES A FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS, INCLUDING AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS AND DELUSIONS OF PERSECUTION. HER SYMPTOMS PERSIST FOR SIX MONTHS, AND SHE EXPERIENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN HER DAILY FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
SCHIZOPHRENIA
41
A 21-YEAR-OLD MALE EXPERIENCES A PSYCHOTIC EPISODE WITH PARANOIA AND DISORGANIZED SPEECH. THE EPISODE LASTS FOR LESS THAN 6 MONTHS BUT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRS HIS SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS BASED ON DURATION?
SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
42
A 31-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, DURING A PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION, ANSWERS A WITH AN UNRELATED RESPONSE, STATING SOMETHING ENTIRELY DISCONNECTED FROM THE ASKED. WHICH FORM OF DISORGANIZED THINKING IS THIS?
TANGENTIALITY
43
A 33-YEAR-OLD MALE IS IN THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING FROM HIS FIRST PSYCHOTIC EPISODE, BUT HIS SYMPTOMS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED. HE IS STILL EXPERIENCING SOME MILD, RESIDUAL NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS LOW ENERGY AND SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL. WHICH SPECIFIER IS MOST ACCURATE FOR THIS PHASE?
FIRST EPISODE, CURRENTLY IN PARTIAL REMISSION
44
A 30-YEAR-OLD MALE REPORTS EXPERIENCING ONE OR MORE DEPRESSIVE EPISODES LASTING AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, ALONGSIDE AT LEAST ONE HYPOMANIC EPISODE. HOWEVER, HE HAS NEVER EXPERIENCED A MANIC EPISODE. WHAT IS HIS MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
BIPOLAR II
45
A 22-YEAR-OLD FEMALE HAS A HISTORY OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS LASTING FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, INCLUDING CHANGES IN SLEEP, APPETITE, AND INTEREST IN ACTIVITIES. SHE ALSO REPORTS PERIODS OF HYPOMANIA BUT NEVER FULL MANIA. HER MOOD HAS FLUCTUATED FOR YEARS. WHAT IS HER MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
46
A 45-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, AFTER EXPERIENCING SEVERAL MANIC AND HYPOMANIC EPISODES THROUGHOUT HER LIFE, PRESENTS FOR EVALUATION AFTER A RECENT DEPRESSIVE EPISODE. SHE IS DIAGNOSED WITH BIPOLAR I. WHAT IS A KEY FEATURE OF BIPOLAR I?
AT LEAST ONE MANIC EPISODE AND A HISTORY OF HYPOMANIC OR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES
47
A 19 YEAR-OLD MALE HAS A HISTORY OF MANIC EPISODES AND PRESENTS WITH 3 DAYS OF ELEVATED MOOD, INCREASED ACTIVITY, AND IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR. HE IS STILL ABLE TO MAINTAIN HIS NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
HYPOMANIC EPISODE
48
A 35-YEAR-OLD WOMAN IS EXTREMELY SUSPICIOUS OF HER COWORKERS AND BELIEVES THAT THEY ARE TALKING BEHIND HER BACK, EVEN THOUGH THERE IS NO CONCRETE EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT HER THOUGHTS. SHE AVOIDS SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AT WORK BECAUSE SHE FEELS THAT OTHERS ARE TRYING TO UNDERMINE HER. SHE OFTEN REACTS DEFENSIVELY WHEN OTHERS ATTEMPT TO DISCUSS HER FEELINGS OR BEHAVIORS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER DOES THIS PERSON LIKELY HAVE?
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
49
A 40-YEAR-OLD MALE IS INDIFFERENT TO SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND HAS NO DESIRE TO FORM CLOSE BONDS WITH OTHERS. HE IS EMOTIONALLY DISTANT, PREFERS TO BE ALONE, AND DOES NOT SHOW MUCH INTEREST IN ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NORMALLY ENGAGING FOR OTHERS, SUCH AS FAMILY GATHERINGS OR SOCIAL EVENTS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER BEST DESCRIBES THIS INDIVIDUAL?
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
50
A 28-YEAR-OLD MAN OFTEN EXHIBITS ODD BELIEFS, SUCH AS THINKING HE CAN PREDICT THE FUTURE, AND HAS ECCENTRIC BEHAVIOR, SUCH AS DRESSING IN AN UNUSUAL MANNER. HE FINDS IT DIFFICULT TO CONNECT WITH OTHERS AND HAS FEW CLOSE FRIENDS DUE TO HIS ODD THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER DOES THIS PERSON MOST LIKELY HAVE?
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
51
A 32-YEAR-OLD MAN HAS A HISTORY OF VIOLATING THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS WITHOUT REMORSE. HE HAS BEEN IN TROUBLE WITH THE LAW MULTIPLE TIMES, FREQUENTLY LIES TO GET WHAT HE WANTS, AND HAS SHOWN NO REGARD FOR SOCIETAL NORMS. HIS RELATIONSHIPS ARE OFTEN SHALLOW, AND HE HAS A PATTERN OF MANIPULATIVE BEHAVIOR. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER BEST FITS THIS DESCRIPTION?
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
52
A 34-YEAR-OLD WOMAN IS CONSTANTLY SEEKING ATTENTION AND APPROVAL FROM OTHERS. SHE DRESSES PROVOCATIVELY AND OFTEN EXAGGERATES HER EMOTIONS TO CAPTIVATE THE ATTENTION OF THOSE AROUND HER. SHE FEELS UNCOMFORTABLE WHEN SHE IS NOT THE CENTER OF ATTENTION AND BECOMES EASILY UPSET WHEN OTHERS DO NOT NOTICE HER. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER IS MOST LIKELY IN THIS CASE?
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
53
A 35-YEAR-OLD INDIVIDUAL REPORTS FEELING ANXIOUS MOST OF THE DAY, EVERY DAY, FOR THE PAST 6 MONTHS.THEY WORRY EXCESSIVELY ABOUT WORK, FAMILY, AND HEALTH, EVEN WHEN THERE IS NO CLEAR THREAT. THE ANXIETY CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND INTERFERES WITH THEIR ABILITY TO FOCUS AT WORK. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
54
A 7-YEAR-OLD CHILD REGULARLY DISPLAYS ANGRY, IRRITABLE, AND ARGUMENTATIVE BEHAVIOR AT HOME AND SCHOOL. THEY ARGUE WITH ADULTS, REFUSE TO COMPLY WITH REQUESTS, AND OFTEN SEEK REVENGE WHEN UPSET. THESE BEHAVIORS HAVE BEEN PRESENT FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS, CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DIFFICULTIES AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
55
A 14-YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENT FREQUENTLY ENGAGES IN BEHAVIOR THAT VIOLATES THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS, SUCH AS STEALING, BULLYING, AND PHYSICALLY HARMING PEERS. THESE BEHAVIORS CAUSE SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING. THE BEHAVIOR HAS BEEN PRESENT FOR MORE THAN 6 MONTHS. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
CONDUCT DISORDER
56
A 22-YEAR-OLD FEMALE REPORTS FEELING DETACHED FROM HER OWN BODY, AS IF SHE IS OBSERVING HERSELF FROM THE OUTSIDE. SHE ALSO EXPERIENCES A SENSE OF UNREALITY IN HER SURROUNDINGS, WHERE THINGS APPEAR DREAMLIKE OR DISTORTED. THESE EXPERIENCES ARE DISTRESSING AND IMPAIR HER DAILY FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER
57
A MALE PATIENT PRESENTS WITH DISSOCIATIVE SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING EPISODES OF MEMORY LOSS AND DISSOCIATION, PARTICULARLY RELATED TO VIOLENT BEHAVIOR. HE REPORTS FREQUENT EPISODES WHERE HE FEELS AS THOUGH HE IS A DIFFERENT PERSON, SOMETIMES ENGAGING IN ACTIONS HE LATER CANNOT RECALL. WHICH GENDER-RELATED TREND IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH HIS CONDITION?
MORE COMMON IN MALES WITH A HISTORY OF CRIMINAL OR VIOLENT BEHAVIORS
58
A 40-YEAR-OLD WOMAN HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING NIGHTMARES, INTRUSIVE MEMORIES, AND HYPERVIGILANCE AFTER SURVIVING A CAR ACCIDENT SIX MONTHS AGO. SHE AVOIDS DRIVING AND IS CONSTANTLY ON EDGE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DURATION: MORE THAN 1 MONTH
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
59
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN EXPERIENCES EXTREME ANXIETY IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS. SHE IS AFRAID OF BEING CRITICIZED OR REJECTED AND AVOIDS ANY SOCIAL GATHERINGS OR ACTIVITIES WHERE SHE MIGHT BE JUDGED. DESPITE HER DESIRE TO FORM RELATIONSHIPS, HER FEAR OF EMBARRASSMENT KEEPS HER ISOLATED. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER IS MOST LIKELY IN THIS CASE?
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
60
A 15-YEAR-OLD TEENAGER EXPERIENCES INTENSE ANXIETY WHEN SPEAKING IN FRONT OF THE CLASS OR ATTENDING SOCIAL GATHERINGS. THEY WORRY EXCESSIVELY ABOUT BEING JUDGED NEGATIVELY BY OTHERS AND AVOID SITUATIONS WHERE THEY MIGHT BE THE CENTER OF ATTENTION. THE ANXIETY HAS PERSISTED FOR OVER A YEAR AND INTERFERES WITH THEIR SOCIAL LIFE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
61
A 28-YEAR-OLD FEMALE PRESENTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF HAVING DISTINCT IDENTITIES, EACH WITH ITS OWN BEHAVIORS, MEMORIES, AND PREFERENCES. THE INDIVIDUAL REPORTS EXPERIENCING "POSSESSION" AND EPISODES WHERE THEY FEEL LIKE A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PERSON. THIS HAS CAUSED SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
62
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN RECENTLY LOST HER JOB AND HAS BEEN FEELING OVERWHELMED, CRYING FREQUENTLY, AND HAVING DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING. HER SYMPTOMS BEGAN WITHIN A MONTH OF THE LOSS AND ARE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS IN HER SOCIAL LIFE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS? DURATION: 3 MONTHS OR LESS
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
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75問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
THE DISORGANIZE SPEECH, NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS CATATONIC BEHAVIOR (IMMOBILE OR UNRESPONSIVE), AND POSITIVE SYMPTOMS (DELUSION AND HALLUCINATIONS) ARE KNOWN AS
PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
2
PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION CAUSING DISTRESS OR IMPAIRED FUNCTIONING, WITH NOT TYPICAL OR CULTURALLY EXPECTED RESPONSES.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER
3
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THEIR CLINICAL WORK
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
4
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO THEIR CLINICAL WORK
SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONERS
5
UNIQUE COMBINATION OF BEHAVIOR, THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS
CLINICAL DESCRIPTION
6
HOW MANY PEOPLE IN THE POPULATION HAVE THE DISORDER
PREVALENCE
7
HOW MANY NEW CASES OCCUR DURING A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME
INCIDENCE
8
HOW DISORDERS FOLLOW AN INDIVIDUAL PATTERN
COURSE
9
ANTICIPATED COURSE OF A DISORDER
PROGNOSIS
10
STUDY OF ORIGIN; WHY A DISORDER BEGINS
ETIOLOGY
11
AGENTS OUTSIDE OF OUR BODY AND THEY TREAT IT USING EXORCISM AND POTIONS
SUPERNATURAL
12
AN HISTORICAL CONCEPTS THAT ATTRIBUTED IN DISEASE OR BIOCHEMICAL IMBALANCES AND CAN BE TREAT WITH PHYSICAL CARE AND DRUGS
BIOLOGICAL
13
A CONCEPT THAT IS ATTRIBUTED TO FAULTY PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CONTEXT AND CAN BE TREATED BY MORAL THERAPY AND MODERN PSYCHOTHERAPY
PSYCHOLOGICAL
14
A THEORY THAT ELABORATED THE CONCEPTION OF THE UNCONSCIOUS. IT HAS A THERAPY THAT FOCUSED ON TAPPING INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS USING CATHARSIS, FREE ASSOCIATION, AND DREAM ANALYSIS
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY BY SIGMUND FREUD
15
CHARACTERIZED BY PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS AND A NOTED DETERIORATION IN ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING, WHICH MAY INCLUDE FEATURES SUCH AS HOSTILITY AND AGGRESSION. THE DISORDER OFTEN PRESENTS WITH NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, WHICH ARE MORE PREVALENT IN MALES. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE MULTIPLE EPISODES, WITH SYMPTOMS PERSISTING FOR AT LEAST SIX MONTHS, AND A SIGNIFICANT DECLINE IN SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING
SCHIZOPHRENIA
16
THIS DISORDER IS DEFINED BY THE FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS LASTING FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH BUT LESS THAN SIX MONTHS. IT SHARES SIMILAR SYMPTOMS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE THE SAME DURATION FOR DIAGNOSIS. THIS DISORDER IS MORE COMMON IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND MAY LEAD TO SCHIZOAFFECTIVE OR SCHIZOPHRENIA IF SYMPTOMS PERSIST.
SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
17
IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A SUDDEN ONSET OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS, WHICH CAN OCCUR WITHIN TWO WEEKS WITHOUT A PRODROMAL PHASE. THE INDIVIDUAL MAY EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT EMOTIONAL TURMOIL AND CONFUSION, BUT FUNCTIONING IS NOT SEVERELY IMPAIRED. THIS DISORDER TYPICALLY LASTS LESS THAN A MONTH.
BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
18
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES THE PRESENCE OF ONE OR MORE DELUSIONS THAT PERSIST FOR AT LEAST ONE MONTH. UNLIKE SCHIZOPHRENIA, INDIVIDUALS WITH THIS KIND OF DISORDER DO NOT EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. COMMON TYPES INCLUDE PERSECUTORY AND JEALOUS DELUSIONS, WITH A HIGHER PREVALENCE IN MALES.
DELUSIONAL DISORDER
19
THIS DISORDER IS MARKED BY AT LEAST ONE MANIC EPISODE, WHICH MAY BE PRECEDED OR FOLLOWED BY HYPOMANIC OR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES. THE MANIC EPISODES CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING AND MAY INCLUDE SYMPTOMS SUCH AS INFLATED SELF-ESTEEM AND RACING THOUGHTS. THE ONSET OF THE FIRST MANIC EPISODE TYPICALLY OCCURS AROUND 18 YEARS OF AGE.
BIPOLAR I DISORDER
20
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY ONE OR MORE DEPRESSIVE EPISODES AND AT LEAST ONE HYPOMANIC EPISODE, BUT NO FULL MANIC EPISODES. INDIVIDUALS OFTEN EXPERIENCE A CHANGE IN FUNCTIONING DURING DEPRESSIVE EPISODES, WHICH CAN LAST FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS. THIS IS MORE COMMON IN YOUTHS AGED 12 AND OLDER.
BIPOLAR II DISORDER
21
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A DEPRESSED MOOD LASTING FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, ACCOMPANIED BY A LOSS OF INTEREST OR PLEASURE IN MOST ACTIVITIES. THIS DISORDER CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR DAILY FUNCTIONING AND IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG FEMALES, PARTICULARLY THOSE AGED 18-29. RISK FACTORS INCLUDE NEUROTICISM AND ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES.
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
22
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY CHRONIC MOOD DISTURBANCES INVOLVING PERIODS OF HYPOMANIC SYMPTOMS AND PERIODS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS THAT DO NOT MEET THE CRITERIA FOR A MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE. THIS DISORDER CAN LAST FOR AT LEAST TWO YEARS IN ADULTS AND ONE YEAR IN CHILDREN. IT IS EQUALLY COMMON IN MALES AND FEMALES.
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
23
IT IS MARKED BY A DISRUPTION OF IDENTITY CHARACTERIZED BY TWO OR MORE DISTINCT PERSONALITY STATES. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS OR IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF THESE DISTINCT IDENTITIES. THIS DISORDER OFTEN ARISES FROM OVERWHELMING EXPERIENCES OR TRAUMATIC EVENTS IN CHILDHOOD.
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
24
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES AN INABILITY TO RECALL IMPORTANT AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION, USUALLY RELATED TO A TRAUMATIC OR STRESSFUL EVENT. THE AMNESIA CAN BE LOCALIZED, SELECTIVE, OR GENERALIZED, AND IT CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS OR IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE PREVALENT IN FEMALES.
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
25
IT INVOLVES FEELINGS OF UNREALITY OR DETACHMENT FROM ONESELF, WHILE DEREALIZATION INVOLVES DETACHMENT FROM THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. THESE EXPERIENCES CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. INDIVIDUALS MAY REPORT FEELING LIKE AN OUTSIDE OBSERVER OF THEIR THOUGHTS OR BODY.
DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER
26
IT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF DISREGARD FOR AND VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS, OFTEN BEGINNING IN CHILDHOOD. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT DECEITFUL AND MANIPULATIVE BEHAVIORS, AND THE DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT IN MALES. COMORBID CONDITIONS MAY INCLUDE SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS.
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
27
THIS DISORDER IS MARKED BY INSTABILITY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, SELF-IMAGE, AND AFFECT, ALONG WITH MARKED IMPULSIVITY. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE INTENSE FEARS OF ABANDONMENT AND ENGAGE IN SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS. IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES AND OFTEN CO-OCCURS WITH MOOD DISORDERS.
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
28
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY EXCESSIVE EMOTIONALITY AND ATTENTION-SEEKING BEHAVIOR. INDIVIDUALS MAY BE UNCOMFORTABLE WHEN THEY ARE NOT THE CENTER OF ATTENTION AND OFTEN USE THEIR APPEARANCE TO DRAW ATTENTION. THIS DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT IN FEMALES.
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
29
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF GRANDIOSITY, NEED FOR ADMIRATION, AND A LACK OF EMPATHY. INDIVIDUALS MAY HAVE AN EXAGGERATED SENSE OF SELF-IMPORTANCE AND A STRONG SENSE OF ENTITLEMENT. THIS DISORDER IS MORE COMMON IN MALES.
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
30
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PERVASIVE PATTERN OF SOCIAL INHIBITION, FEELINGS OF INADEQUACY, AND HYPERSENSITIVITY TO NEGATIVE EVALUATION. INDIVIDUALS OFTEN AVOID SOCIAL INTERACTIONS DUE TO FEARS OF CRITICISM OR REJECTION. IT IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD SHYNESS AND ISOLATION.
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER
31
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES A PERVASIVE AND EXCESSIVE NEED TO BE TAKEN CARE OF, LEADING TO SUBMISSIVE AND CLINGING BEHAVIORS. INDIVIDUALS MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY MAKING DECISIONS WITHOUT EXCESSIVE ADVICE AND REASSURANCE FROM OTHERS. IT IS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES.
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER
32
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PREOCCUPATION WITH ORDERLINESS, PERFECTIONISM, AND CONTROL. INDIVIDUALS MAY BE EXCESSIVELY DEVOTED TO WORK AND PRODUCTIVITY, OFTEN AT THE EXPENSE OF LEISURE AND RELATIONSHIPS. THIS DISORDER IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG MALES.
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER
33
THIS DISORDER INVOLVES EXCESSIVE ANXIETY AND WORRY ABOUT A NUMBER OF EVENTS OR ACTIVITIES, WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO CONTROL. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SUCH AS RESTLESSNESS AND FATIGUE. IT IS PREVALENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS.
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
34
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY INTENSE FEAR OR ANXIETY ABOUT SOCIAL SITUATIONS WHERE THE INDIVIDUAL MAY BE SCRUTINIZED BY OTHERS. THIS DISORDER OFTEN LEADS TO AVOIDANCE OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR DAILY FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS.
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
35
IT INVOLVES RECURRENT, UNEXPECTED PANIC ATTACKS, WHICH ARE ABRUPT SURGES OF INTENSE FEAR OR DISCOMFORT. INDIVIDUALS MAY EXPERIENCE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS SUCH AS PALPITATIONS AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH DURING THESE ATTACKS. THE ONSET TYPICALLY OCCURS IN LATE ADOLESCENCE OR EARLY ADULTHOOD.
PANIC DISORDER
36
THIS DISORDER IS CHARACTERIZED BY A PATTERN OF ANGRY/IRRITABLE MOOD, ARGUMENTATIVE/DEFIANT BEHAVIOR, AND VINDICTIVENESS. THIS DISORDER IS OFTEN SEEN IN CHILDREN AND CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING. IT IS MORE PREVALENT AMONG CHILDREN WITH ADHD.
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
37
IT INVOLVES A REPETITIVE AND PERSISTENT PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR WHERE THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS ARE VIOLATED. THIS DISORDER CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL, ACADEMIC, AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING. IT TYPICALLY BEGINS IN CHILDHOOD OR ADOLESCENCE.
CONDUCT DISORDER
38
A 24-YEAR-OLD MALE PRESENTS WITH A SUDDEN ONSET OF PSYCHOSIS WITHIN TWO WEEKS, WITHOUT A PRODROME. HE IS EXPERIENCING EMOTIONAL TURMOIL AND OVERWHELMING CONFUSION. HIS FUNCTIONING IS SEVERELY IMPAIRED, BUT THE SYMPTOMS LAST FOR LESS THAN ONE MONTH. WHICH DIAGNOSIS IS MOST LIKELY?
BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
39
A 50-YEAR-OLD MALE HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING PERSISTENT DELUSIONS OF PERSECUTION FOR OVER SIX MONTHS. HE DOES NOT EXHIBIT SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL OR OCCUPATIONAL IMPAIRMENT, AND THE DELUSIONS ARE A CENTRAL FEATURE OF HIS CONDITION. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DELUSIONAL DISORDER
40
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN EXPERIENCES A FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS, INCLUDING AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS AND DELUSIONS OF PERSECUTION. HER SYMPTOMS PERSIST FOR SIX MONTHS, AND SHE EXPERIENCES SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN HER DAILY FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
SCHIZOPHRENIA
41
A 21-YEAR-OLD MALE EXPERIENCES A PSYCHOTIC EPISODE WITH PARANOIA AND DISORGANIZED SPEECH. THE EPISODE LASTS FOR LESS THAN 6 MONTHS BUT SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIRS HIS SOCIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS BASED ON DURATION?
SCHIZOPHRENIFORM DISORDER
42
A 31-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, DURING A PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION, ANSWERS A WITH AN UNRELATED RESPONSE, STATING SOMETHING ENTIRELY DISCONNECTED FROM THE ASKED. WHICH FORM OF DISORGANIZED THINKING IS THIS?
TANGENTIALITY
43
A 33-YEAR-OLD MALE IS IN THE PROCESS OF RECOVERING FROM HIS FIRST PSYCHOTIC EPISODE, BUT HIS SYMPTOMS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED. HE IS STILL EXPERIENCING SOME MILD, RESIDUAL NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS LOW ENERGY AND SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL. WHICH SPECIFIER IS MOST ACCURATE FOR THIS PHASE?
FIRST EPISODE, CURRENTLY IN PARTIAL REMISSION
44
A 30-YEAR-OLD MALE REPORTS EXPERIENCING ONE OR MORE DEPRESSIVE EPISODES LASTING AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, ALONGSIDE AT LEAST ONE HYPOMANIC EPISODE. HOWEVER, HE HAS NEVER EXPERIENCED A MANIC EPISODE. WHAT IS HIS MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
BIPOLAR II
45
A 22-YEAR-OLD FEMALE HAS A HISTORY OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS LASTING FOR AT LEAST TWO WEEKS, INCLUDING CHANGES IN SLEEP, APPETITE, AND INTEREST IN ACTIVITIES. SHE ALSO REPORTS PERIODS OF HYPOMANIA BUT NEVER FULL MANIA. HER MOOD HAS FLUCTUATED FOR YEARS. WHAT IS HER MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
46
A 45-YEAR-OLD FEMALE, AFTER EXPERIENCING SEVERAL MANIC AND HYPOMANIC EPISODES THROUGHOUT HER LIFE, PRESENTS FOR EVALUATION AFTER A RECENT DEPRESSIVE EPISODE. SHE IS DIAGNOSED WITH BIPOLAR I. WHAT IS A KEY FEATURE OF BIPOLAR I?
AT LEAST ONE MANIC EPISODE AND A HISTORY OF HYPOMANIC OR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES
47
A 19 YEAR-OLD MALE HAS A HISTORY OF MANIC EPISODES AND PRESENTS WITH 3 DAYS OF ELEVATED MOOD, INCREASED ACTIVITY, AND IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR. HE IS STILL ABLE TO MAINTAIN HIS NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
HYPOMANIC EPISODE
48
A 35-YEAR-OLD WOMAN IS EXTREMELY SUSPICIOUS OF HER COWORKERS AND BELIEVES THAT THEY ARE TALKING BEHIND HER BACK, EVEN THOUGH THERE IS NO CONCRETE EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT HER THOUGHTS. SHE AVOIDS SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AT WORK BECAUSE SHE FEELS THAT OTHERS ARE TRYING TO UNDERMINE HER. SHE OFTEN REACTS DEFENSIVELY WHEN OTHERS ATTEMPT TO DISCUSS HER FEELINGS OR BEHAVIORS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER DOES THIS PERSON LIKELY HAVE?
PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
49
A 40-YEAR-OLD MALE IS INDIFFERENT TO SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND HAS NO DESIRE TO FORM CLOSE BONDS WITH OTHERS. HE IS EMOTIONALLY DISTANT, PREFERS TO BE ALONE, AND DOES NOT SHOW MUCH INTEREST IN ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NORMALLY ENGAGING FOR OTHERS, SUCH AS FAMILY GATHERINGS OR SOCIAL EVENTS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER BEST DESCRIBES THIS INDIVIDUAL?
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
50
A 28-YEAR-OLD MAN OFTEN EXHIBITS ODD BELIEFS, SUCH AS THINKING HE CAN PREDICT THE FUTURE, AND HAS ECCENTRIC BEHAVIOR, SUCH AS DRESSING IN AN UNUSUAL MANNER. HE FINDS IT DIFFICULT TO CONNECT WITH OTHERS AND HAS FEW CLOSE FRIENDS DUE TO HIS ODD THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER DOES THIS PERSON MOST LIKELY HAVE?
SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
51
A 32-YEAR-OLD MAN HAS A HISTORY OF VIOLATING THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS WITHOUT REMORSE. HE HAS BEEN IN TROUBLE WITH THE LAW MULTIPLE TIMES, FREQUENTLY LIES TO GET WHAT HE WANTS, AND HAS SHOWN NO REGARD FOR SOCIETAL NORMS. HIS RELATIONSHIPS ARE OFTEN SHALLOW, AND HE HAS A PATTERN OF MANIPULATIVE BEHAVIOR. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER BEST FITS THIS DESCRIPTION?
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER
52
A 34-YEAR-OLD WOMAN IS CONSTANTLY SEEKING ATTENTION AND APPROVAL FROM OTHERS. SHE DRESSES PROVOCATIVELY AND OFTEN EXAGGERATES HER EMOTIONS TO CAPTIVATE THE ATTENTION OF THOSE AROUND HER. SHE FEELS UNCOMFORTABLE WHEN SHE IS NOT THE CENTER OF ATTENTION AND BECOMES EASILY UPSET WHEN OTHERS DO NOT NOTICE HER. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER IS MOST LIKELY IN THIS CASE?
HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER
53
A 35-YEAR-OLD INDIVIDUAL REPORTS FEELING ANXIOUS MOST OF THE DAY, EVERY DAY, FOR THE PAST 6 MONTHS.THEY WORRY EXCESSIVELY ABOUT WORK, FAMILY, AND HEALTH, EVEN WHEN THERE IS NO CLEAR THREAT. THE ANXIETY CAUSES SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND INTERFERES WITH THEIR ABILITY TO FOCUS AT WORK. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
54
A 7-YEAR-OLD CHILD REGULARLY DISPLAYS ANGRY, IRRITABLE, AND ARGUMENTATIVE BEHAVIOR AT HOME AND SCHOOL. THEY ARGUE WITH ADULTS, REFUSE TO COMPLY WITH REQUESTS, AND OFTEN SEEK REVENGE WHEN UPSET. THESE BEHAVIORS HAVE BEEN PRESENT FOR AT LEAST 6 MONTHS, CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DIFFICULTIES AT SCHOOL AND AT HOME. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER
55
A 14-YEAR-OLD ADOLESCENT FREQUENTLY ENGAGES IN BEHAVIOR THAT VIOLATES THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS, SUCH AS STEALING, BULLYING, AND PHYSICALLY HARMING PEERS. THESE BEHAVIORS CAUSE SIGNIFICANT IMPAIRMENT IN SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING. THE BEHAVIOR HAS BEEN PRESENT FOR MORE THAN 6 MONTHS. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
CONDUCT DISORDER
56
A 22-YEAR-OLD FEMALE REPORTS FEELING DETACHED FROM HER OWN BODY, AS IF SHE IS OBSERVING HERSELF FROM THE OUTSIDE. SHE ALSO EXPERIENCES A SENSE OF UNREALITY IN HER SURROUNDINGS, WHERE THINGS APPEAR DREAMLIKE OR DISTORTED. THESE EXPERIENCES ARE DISTRESSING AND IMPAIR HER DAILY FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION DISORDER
57
A MALE PATIENT PRESENTS WITH DISSOCIATIVE SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING EPISODES OF MEMORY LOSS AND DISSOCIATION, PARTICULARLY RELATED TO VIOLENT BEHAVIOR. HE REPORTS FREQUENT EPISODES WHERE HE FEELS AS THOUGH HE IS A DIFFERENT PERSON, SOMETIMES ENGAGING IN ACTIONS HE LATER CANNOT RECALL. WHICH GENDER-RELATED TREND IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH HIS CONDITION?
MORE COMMON IN MALES WITH A HISTORY OF CRIMINAL OR VIOLENT BEHAVIORS
58
A 40-YEAR-OLD WOMAN HAS BEEN EXPERIENCING NIGHTMARES, INTRUSIVE MEMORIES, AND HYPERVIGILANCE AFTER SURVIVING A CAR ACCIDENT SIX MONTHS AGO. SHE AVOIDS DRIVING AND IS CONSTANTLY ON EDGE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DURATION: MORE THAN 1 MONTH
POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
59
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN EXPERIENCES EXTREME ANXIETY IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS. SHE IS AFRAID OF BEING CRITICIZED OR REJECTED AND AVOIDS ANY SOCIAL GATHERINGS OR ACTIVITIES WHERE SHE MIGHT BE JUDGED. DESPITE HER DESIRE TO FORM RELATIONSHIPS, HER FEAR OF EMBARRASSMENT KEEPS HER ISOLATED. WHICH PERSONALITY DISORDER IS MOST LIKELY IN THIS CASE?
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
60
A 15-YEAR-OLD TEENAGER EXPERIENCES INTENSE ANXIETY WHEN SPEAKING IN FRONT OF THE CLASS OR ATTENDING SOCIAL GATHERINGS. THEY WORRY EXCESSIVELY ABOUT BEING JUDGED NEGATIVELY BY OTHERS AND AVOID SITUATIONS WHERE THEY MIGHT BE THE CENTER OF ATTENTION. THE ANXIETY HAS PERSISTED FOR OVER A YEAR AND INTERFERES WITH THEIR SOCIAL LIFE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
61
A 28-YEAR-OLD FEMALE PRESENTS WITH SYMPTOMS OF HAVING DISTINCT IDENTITIES, EACH WITH ITS OWN BEHAVIORS, MEMORIES, AND PREFERENCES. THE INDIVIDUAL REPORTS EXPERIENCING "POSSESSION" AND EPISODES WHERE THEY FEEL LIKE A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PERSON. THIS HAS CAUSED SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS AND IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS?
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
62
A 30-YEAR-OLD WOMAN RECENTLY LOST HER JOB AND HAS BEEN FEELING OVERWHELMED, CRYING FREQUENTLY, AND HAVING DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING. HER SYMPTOMS BEGAN WITHIN A MONTH OF THE LOSS AND ARE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DISTRESS IN HER SOCIAL LIFE. WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY DIAGNOSIS? DURATION: 3 MONTHS OR LESS
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER