Chemistry and chemical

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All acids owe their chemical reactivity to ____.

the hydrogen ion

what is a solvent?

a substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

Darren has just opened his high-end business. When his first customer enters his establishment and asks if Darren's retail products are chemical free, what should his response be?

"No," because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product.

Which of the following is TRUE when salt is dissolved into water?

Salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

Which of the following is an example of a compound molecule?

common table salt

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (HO) and ____.

a salt

Which of the following BEST describes a carcinogen?

a substance that causes cancer

How many elements are known to science today?

118

For which of the following purposes would acids most likely be used?

to exfoliate the skin

Thomas, owner of a local beauty business, insists that there is an SDS available for every chemical used. Why is Thomas so strict about this?

Because it is a requirement of OSHA.

How many accepted pictograms are included in all SDS?

Which of the following were the first surfactants?

soaps

Daria's boss has instructed her to create a variety of products and mixtures. The one thing her boss insisted upon was that each have a measurable pH. Which of the following must Daria include in all of her mixtures and products?

water

Which of the following is TRUE today of the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons, spas, and barbershops?

Most states and counties do not have regulations in place.

You are the owner ofa highend establishment. Your best beauty pro, Niles, has confessed that the massage oils the employees have been using without incident for many months are now starting to give them terrible rashes and sneezing fits. Which of the following do you use to explain to Niles what has happened?

the overexposure principle

Everything you can touch and everything you can see is matter EXCEPT ____.

light and electricity

Gina is considered a bit of a "know it all' at work. For example, she is always telling Grace, her coworker, "My goodness, Grace, you'd better be using the first surfactant regularly." Which of the following is Gina most likely trying to say to Grace, in her own strange way?

"Wash your hands."

Why should beauty professionals study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry?

Because every product used in beauty and wellness contains some type of chemical.

pH is an abbreviation of ___.

potential hydrogen

Abner is opening a beauty business. He knows that his course in chemistry will help him to run a better business because ____.

every product he uses in his establishment will contain some type of chemical

What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion?

the production of heat and light

A ___is capable of igniting and burning.

combustible

Why is understanding pH important for the beauty and wellness professional?

Because it affects the hair, skin, and nails.

The overexposure principle is used to describe how overexposure determines ____.

toxicity

Which of the following is TRUE of oreams, lotions, masks, and makeup?

They contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory.

Javieris attempting to create a soothing oil to use on his clients during services The problem Javier is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than five minutes, its components separate. Which of the following is most likely TRUE of the components of Javier's mixture?

They are immiscible.

Which of the following is TRUE of all liquids?

They are either miscible or immiscible.

Of all the elements known to science today, how many occur naturally on Earth?

Henry's duties include mixing a variety of chemicals for the products and treatment ointments and mixtures they use on customers. When mixing these chemicals, Henry should avoid all EXCEPT which of the following?

well-ventilated areas

Jennifer is using a new soothing oil on her clients during services. The problem Jennifer is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than five minutes, its components separate. Which of the following could Jennifer add to her mixture to solve this problem?

an emulsifier

Tery experienced no harsh reactions herself to the chemicals she was using on her dients during the fist six months of owning and managing her business. Since about that six-month anniversary, however, she has battled continuous skin allergies as well as difficulty breathing. Which of the following BEST explains this?

the overexposure principle

Why stould ammonia never be mixed with bleach?

It creates a potentially deadly gas.

You are an instructor of beauty and wellness courses at a local vocational school. Teresa, one of your students, asks you why it is so important that beauty professionals have a thorough understanding of chemistry. What do you tell her?

Without an understanding of basic chemistry, she will not be able to use professional products effectively and safely.

Celia, Jamison's client, has asked that he not use any known mutagens in her treatments. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY reason she made this request?

She has a weakened immune system and is afraid it may cause cancer.

Franco is a product chemist, combining chemicals in order to create solutions, suspensions, and emulsions for the purposes of making clients feel, look, and smell better. Most recently, Franco has been working on lotions and creams that, when mixed with activators, warm the bottles in which they are contained. Upon what is Franco relying to create these lotions?

exothermic reactions

What does an oxidizing agent do?

releases oxygen

Genevieve is fresh out of beauty school and anxious to open her own business. In gathering research and pricing out products for her shop, she is contacted by a salesperson of massage oils. He tells her his products are all chemical free, and she should pay the extra cost to offer them to her clients. Which of the following would be the BEST reason for Genevieve to decide against buying this salesperson's massage oils?

Because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product, this salesperson should not be trusted.

Shawna is your new client where you work. She has told you that she left the business she previously went to for three years because they were not attentive enough to the needs of her very sensitive skin. Shawna, it seems, has very dry, dehydrated, and irritable skin. Which of the following do you advise Shawna on during her initial consultation visit?

She should use products that are slightly alkaline.

Tho efcats of cosmctics and beany products are based on which of the following?

How the body reacts to chemicals

An SDS is formatted into ___ categories.

What did the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replace?

the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

What does a reducing agent do?

adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

Which of the following is the simplest form of chemical matter?

an element

When immiscible liquids are combined, they form ____.

suspensions

Daryl works for you, and you recently asked Daryl to mix various solutes with solvents to create solutions as products for clients and customers. Several hours into his work, Daryl comes to you and asks what he should do if certain mixtures will not "mix." Specifically, he says, "In many of the mixtures I am creating, I am combining two or more immiscible substances. What should I do?" What advice should you give to Daryl?

"Incorporate an emulsifier into your mixture in order to create a stable blend."

The pH scale is used to measure ___.

acidity and alkalinity

If you were to leave the freezer open all night, all of the ice will melt. This is a result of ___.

an endothermic reaction

Chloe is making a scented mist to use on her clients following their services. Which of the following is TRUE of the drops of lavender extract she is mixing into the water?

They are solutes.

When mixing chemicals, one should ___.

use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon

Any substance that occupies space and has weight is ___.

matter

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