CLASSIFICATION OF ETHICAL ETHICS

15問 • 2年前

問題一覧

are a set of principles that serve as the basis in determining the morality of human actions or conduct; we use or rely on them in making moral judgment, they also provide the reasons why a particular action or behavior is good or bad, acceptable or unacceptable

ETHICAL THEORIES

theory states that the ultimate criterion or standard of what is morally right or wrong or obligatory is the non-moral value that is produced by an act or rule. The final determinant of the morality of an act is the comparative amount of good or the comparative balance of good over evil produced

TELEOLOGICAL THEORIES

the rightness of an action depends upon the amount and/or the quality of physical pleasure it promotes or the amount of physical pain it avoids

HEDONISM

right action promotes mental or spiritual pleasure and minimizes spiritual or mental pain. The ultimate good is what will give man mental serenity

EPICUREANISM

the right action in a given situation is the one which would promote the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people in that situation

ACT UTILITARIANISM

the rightness of an action depends upon how useful or beneficial it is, as opposed to how useless or harmful it is

CLASSIC UTILITARIANISM

an action is right if it improves the existing situation, remedies some deficiencies in it, or resolves a specific problem

INSTRUMENTALISM/PRAGMATISM

it affirms that the right or obligatory or good act is not always dependent on certain non-moral value produced or the outcome of an act or rule; it is dependent on other considerations other than the outcome, like the command of God or the state

DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES

rightness is established by God, who either establishes general moral laws and standards or prescribes and prohibits particular actions; and action is good or right if it conforms to these laws, prescriptions, and prohibitions

DIVINE COMMAND THEORY

moral standards exist in the very fabric or nature of the universe; an action is right if it conforms to these natural moral laws

NATURAL LAW THEORY

rightness is a function of rules and institutions established in a society and implicitly or explicitly agreed to by its members

SOCIAL CONSTRUCT THEORY

human beings share certain basic rights which oblige us to treat one another in certain ways. Human rights are universal rights, they are inalienable and they inhere in the person as a human being

NATURAL RIGHTS THEORY

nothing was good in itself except a good will, and the will is the uniquely human capacity to act according to the concept of law or principles. The moral principles require us to fulfill our duties simply because those duties make valid claims on us

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

there are moral guidelines that determine what we ought to do, prima facie duty is an obligatory duty like fidelity or keeping promises. Other prima facie duties are reparation, gratitude, non-injury, justice, and self-improvement

PRIMA FACIE DUTIES

one should seek to develop the character traits known as virtues and act in accordance with them

VIRTUE ETHICS

WORLD BANK AND IMF (FROM WEB)

Honey Joy T. Dallego · 21問 · 2年前

WORLD BANK AND IMF (FROM WEB)