reduced operational cost reduced workload of staff increase efficiency increase revenue access and share information achieve better planning and management

lack of knowledge of top management huge investment cost resistance to change of personnel

business -to-business(B2B) Business -to-Consuner(B2C) consumer -to-consumer(C2C) consumer -to-business (C2B) business -to-government(B2G) government -to-business (G2B) government -to-cutizen(G2C)

portal model electronic retailing auction model bartering model group buying infomediary model affiliate revenue model subscription model

subscription model

affiliate revenue model

infomediary model

group buying

portal model

electronic retailing

auction model