【1】1. We produce biomass polyethylene derived from sugar cane as raw materials to manufacture a variety of squeeze bottles through blow molding. We have exported a substantial quantity of biomass polyethylene to the United States and European countries over the years. We are now looking for a prospective exclusive distributor representing our company in your country as a first step into the South-Eastern Asian market. Enclosed are detailed technical information and quotations for biomass polyethylene, and a draft of the exclusive distributorship agreement for your further study.

【1】2. We have learned from recent world business news that your city has constructed a carbon dioxide recovery plant performing the recovery capacity of up to 10 tons of CO2 per day from waste incineration plants. We plan to use carbon dioxide for various purposes and are very much interested in the technology. We would appreciate it very much if you could provide us with the technical data on your carbon dioxide recovery plant along with the plant construction cost data.

【1】3. Regarding your inquiry of July 5 for 10,000 units of our ion generators, we are pleased to make an offer to you as below. If your acceptance reaches us no later than July 20, we are certain to fulfill the delivery of the goods within 2 weeks of receiving your acceptance. We suggest you do not fail to accept this offer by this date because the stock is likely to run out due to heavy demand from domestic and overseas markets.

【1】4. Although we have considered your request to reduce the prices we offered, we concluded that the prices are not revised. Those prices leave us with only the smallest margins, and they are, in fact, lower than those of our competitors' similar products in quality and functions. We would appreciate it very much, therefore, if you would place an order at the initial prices we offered. If you still feel those prices are not acceptable for you, we will await the next occasion to do business with you in the near future.

【1】5. We have arranged with the Manila Commercial Bank, Head Office, to establish a confirmed letter of credit for US$200,000 valid until September 10. It covers our order No. 752 of June 20 for 1,000 metric tons of organic fertilizer. You are kindly requested to draw a draft at 60 days after the drawing date in favor of the above bank as soon as the order is shipped. We look forward to receiving the goods in good order.

【1】6. We have carefully studied your conditional order. As we have been working together for many years, we wish we could grant your request to lower the prices of our men's jackets, but we are very much afraid of reducing the price by the 10% you request unless we considerably lower the quality. However, we are in a position to make a 5% reduction on all items you order this time if you double the order quantity of them. This measure is the most realistic alternative for us to your request.

【1】7. This is to inform you of your order No. 885 for 100 units of automatic shampoo filling machines. We regret that we cannot ship them by the agreed date of delivery due to a lack of supply in raw materials resulting from a local conflict in the production district. We anticipate resuming production within the next few weeks by changing supply sources and no doubt shipping those units by the end of September. We would like to confirm whether or not we may progress the production for your order along with this new delivery date.

【1】8. It does not seem that we have received any reply to our letters of April 30 and May 31, asking you to settle an outstanding balance of US$78,100 with us since March 31. We have no wish to be unreasonable, but we feel we must insist on prompt payment at this stage. Failure to honor our request by the end of this month, made under Article 11 of our agreement, could result in legal proceedings. We sincerely hope this will not become necessary.

【1】9. As we explained on the phone today, 10 units are missing from our order No. 419 for 1,000 units of gas burners. The order was shipped on board the M/V Hansa Spirits, leaving Hamburg on April 28. Upon checking all cases with the packing list, we found that the case No. 5 contained only 40 units rather than 50 units. We have to deliver all the units to one of our most important customers within two weeks and require you to dispatch the originally short-shipped 10 units immediately by air.

【1】10. Payment for the Products shall be made by the Buyer by telegraphic transfer to the bank account designated by the Seller in United States Dollars within twenty (20) days after the receipt by the Buyer of the Seller's invoice. Unless otherwise agreed between the parties, invoices will be issued and mailed by the Seller to the Buyer upon the delivery of the Products at the place of delivery set forth in this Agreement.

【2】1. 当社は、ドバイ機械輸入会社から 750,000 米ドルの注文を頂戴しており、同社は、銀行照会先として御行を紹介してきております。 最初の取引としては金額がかなり高額に上りますので、同社と取引を開始する前に同社の信用状態について御行の率直なご意見をお聞かせいただければ幸甚に存じます。 頂きました情報は、すべて極秘扱いといたしますのでご安心ください。

【2】2.6月18日付け貴信でのご要望にお応えして、納期を短縮する件について真剣に検討いたしました。 御社の信用状を7月31日までに受領することを条件として8月31日までに船積みすることを承諾することにいたしました。今やすべての問題について合意に達したと思いますので、早急に御社取引銀行で当社を名宛人とした信用状発行のご手配をしていただけるようお願いいたします。

【2】3. 本契約の当事者が書面により明示的に別途の合意をしない限り、本契約に規定する価格は、本契約の有効期間中、固定されるものとし、原材料もしくは労働の深刻な供給不足もしくは供給過剰によりかかる費用の上昇・下落または為替相場もしくは為替市場の重大な変動があってもいかなる調整もしないものとする。

【3】1. A method of payment for goods that the buyer pays the seller in advance of the shipment of the goods

【3】2. An import duty imposed on imported merchandise based on both the value and the net weight or quantity of the merchandise

【3】3. The transactions that obligate the seller of the plant to buy from the importer a certain portion of the resultant productions during a certain period, such as 5 to 25 years

【3】4. A carrier who concludes multimodal transport contracts to cover transport involving successive stages via different transport modes, e.g., road transport followed by sea followed again by road transport

【3】5. A draft accompanied by the relevant shipping documents that requires the drawee to make a specified payment to a named payee on a particular date

【3】6. The customs document permitting goods to be exported

【3】7. A rule in Incoterms 2020 that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him at an agreed place, but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination and also procure insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of, or damage to, the goods during carriage

【3】8. An agreement by a shipping company to provide cargo space on a vessel to exporters and importers between specified ports for a specified price

【4】1. 下記の記述について文章に適合していないものはどれか。 Foreign buyers often press exporters for longer payment periods. Although it is true that financing is a means of enhancing export competitiveness, it is important to carefully weigh the credit or financing you extend to foreign buyers. Moreover, the extension of credit by the seller to the buyer is more common outside the United States. U.S. sellers who are reluctant to extend credit may face the possibility of the loss of the sale to their competitors. One useful guide for determining the appropriate credit period will be the normal commercial terms in your industry for internationally traded products. For off-the-shelf items like consumer goods. chemicals and other raw materials, agricultural commodities, and spare parts and components, normal commercial terms (with few exceptions) range from 30 to 180 days. The seller may have to make allowances for longer credit periods than are found in domestic trade because foreign buyers are often unwilling to have the credit period start before they have received the goods. Custom-made or high-value capital. equipment may need longer repayment periods. Once credit terms have been extended to a buyer, they tend to be a precedent for future sales, so the seller should review with special care any credit terms contemplated for first-time buyers. When exporting, the seller should follow the same careful credit principles as it follows for domestic customers. An important reason for controlling the credit period is the cost incurred through use of working capital or through interest and fees. If the buyer is not responsible for paying those costs, then the seller should factor them into the selling price. The seller should also recognize that longer credit periods may increase the risk of default. Thus, the seller must exercise judgment in balancing competitiveness against cost and safety. Customers are frequently charged interest on credit of a year or longer, but this happens less frequently on short-term credit (up to 180 days). Most exporters bear interest charges for short-term credit unless and until the customer pay after the due date. Obtaining cash immediately is usually a high priority with exporters. Converting export receivables to cash at a discount with a bank is one way to achieve this goal. Another way is to expand working capital resources. A third approach, suitable when capital goods are imported and the repayment period extends a year or longer, is to arrange for third-party financing. For example, a bank could make a loan directly to the buyer for importing the product, and the buyer could pay to the seller immediately from the bank loan proceeds. A fourth possibility, sometimes suggested when financing is difficult to obtain, is to engage in countertrade, which requires the seller to buy the goods equivalent in value to the value of the product the buyer imported. Countertrade, thus, provides the buyer with an opportunity to generate earnings to pay for the import. Some options may require the seller to pay interest, fees, or other costs. Other options are only feasible for large transactions. The seller should also determine whether it will incur financial liability if the buyer defaults.

【4】2. 下記の記述について文章に適合しているものはどれか。

【4】3. 下記の記述について文章に適合しているものはどれか。

【4】4. 下記の記述について文意に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】5.下記の記述について文章に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】6. 下記の記述について文意に適合しているものはどれか。

【4】7. 下記の記述について文章に適合しているものほどれか。

【4】8. 下記の記述について文意に適合しているものはどれか。

【4】9. 下記の記述について文意に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】10. 下記の記述について文意に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】11. 下記の記述について文章に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】12. 下記の記述について文章に適合しているものはどれか。

【4】13. 下記の記述について文章に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】14. 下記の記述について文章に適合していないものはどれか。

【4】15. 下記の記述について文意に適合していないものはどれか。