PSAD TERMS 2011-2018

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A property of a material that has the same elastic properties in all directions.

isotropic

Peoperties of a material depends on the direction.

anisotropic

The permanent deformation reported in a part of a structure due to the sustained load for a long time.

creep

Material composition is the same but its mechanical properties are different in every direction.

orthotropic

when force is removed, the object will return to original shape.

elasticity

material begins to deform plastically.

yielding

Has a stress-strain relationship that is independent of the coordinate system at a point.

isotropic material

If material Elastic properties are the same in all points in the body.

Homogenous

ability of material to absorb energy in the plastic range

Toughness

ability of material to absorb energy in the elastic range.

Resilience

ability of material to deform in the plastic range.

Ductility

point through which resultant of resistance to the applied lateral force acts.

center of rigidity

point on structure where the resultant vertical force acts.

center of mass

The distance between the center of mass and center of rigidity.

eccentricity

Can be measured by seismometer.

ground displacement

Refers to the flexibility of a structural system.

inverse of Stiffness

Stress point where a material will have appreciable deform when small amount of stress is experienced.

Yield Point

Greatest stress that can be applied to an elastic body without causing permanent deformation.

Elastic Limit

What will develop if center of mass and center of rigidity of a structure does not coincide?

Torsional shear stress

a general term for a wall that is designed and constructed to resist racking from forces such as wind using masonry, concrete, cold-formed steel, or wood framing.

shear wall

Can measure magnitude,(magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake)

Richter Scale

They observed the intensity or effects of an earthquake at different locations.

Mercalli scale

Large earthquakes are not measured very well by the Richter scale, especially if the seimometers used are very far away from an earthquake epicenter.This scale is now most commonly used for medium to large earthquakes.

Moment Magnitude Scale

this is where the material starts breaking.

Rapture strength

A building which has a floor which is less than 70% as stiff as the floor immediately above it, or less than 80% as stiff as the average stiffness of the three floors above it.

soft storey

Refers to the lateral displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below.

storey drift

refers to the rigidity of a structure.

Reciprocal of Deflection

Which best describe liquefaction?

sudden drop of shear strength

If two springs with stiffness k1 and k2 are arranged in parallel, which of the ff. gives the combined stiffness k?

k=k1 + k2

Point on a structure through which the applied seismic force acts.

center of mass

Refers to flexibility of a structure.

Reciprocal of Stiffness

Ability of material to deform under tensile stress.

Ductility

Ability of material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading.

Resilience

Ability of material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

Toughness

Material having same strength at any point

Homogeneous

A time dependent prestress loss in pretensioned concrete.

Relaxation

Tendons are stressed before concrete is poured.

Pre-tensioning

Tendons are stressed after concrete has hardened.

Post-tensioning

The portion of the stress-strain curve beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain.

Proportional Limit

A material property which enables it to under large permanent strain before failure?

Ductility

Forces generated by bodies in motion.

Dynamic

which of the ff. deals with forces at rest?

Static

Which of the ff. forces determines whether the body will be at rest or in motion.

Resultant

Energy by virtue of velocity.

Kinetic

Within proportional Limit, the stress is directly proportional to strain.

Hooke's Law

The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain

Poisson's Ratio

Within elastic range, the slope of the straight line portion of the stress-strain curve.

Young's Modulus

A time -dependent deformation at elevated temperature and constant stress, it follows then that a failure from such condition is referred to as stress rupture.

Creep

inability to be to bent or be forced out of shape.

Rigidity

describes how well a material resists deformation.

Stiffness

The degree to which a part of a structural element is displaced under a load.

Deflection

aimed to account for any unforeseen factor that may attribute to the torsional response.

Accidental eccentricity

the reciprocal of rigidity

flexibility

which of the ff. describes the over burden pressure on soil is higher; hence the soil is more compacted at deeper depth.

increase in bearing capacity

Because of this, the rate of compression of soil that results settlement.

increase in effective stress

The property of metal associated with the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet without breaking.

malleability

within equations is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.

Ultimate strength

this is the stress at failure.

Rupture Strength

Highest ordinate in stress strain diagram.

Ultimate Strength

An appreciable elongation or yielding without any corresponding increase in Load.

Yield strength

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