WH: Chapter 17 Renaissance

47問 • 2年前

問題一覧

The term means rebirth, and in this context, it refers to a revival of art and learning

Renaissance

Since __ are often places where people exchange ideas, they were an ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolution.

Cities

Italy's city-states, such as ___, ____, and Milan, became economic powerhouses due to their strategic locations for trade. The prosperity from trade led to the accumulation of wealth among the merchant class.

Florence, Venice

The ____ was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. An infectious fever caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The disease was likely transmitted from rodents to humans by the bite of infected fleas.

Black death

Merchants and the ___ A wealthy merchant class developed in each Italian city-state

Medici

The Medici family __ had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe

Bank

_____was the wealthiest. He did not seek political office for himself, but influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans. For 30 years, he was dictator of Florence

Cosimo de medici

Looking to Greece and Rome, They achieved this in several ways. First, the artists and scholars of Italy drew inspiration from the ruins of ___ that surrounded them

Rome

Second, Western scholars studied ancient ___ manuscripts that had been preserved in monasteries. Third, ____scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453

Latin,christians

The study of classical texts led to _____, an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements. Scholars began to rediscover and study ancient works in fields like philosophy, literature, and art. This rediscovery of classical knowledge laid the foundation for ____

Humanism

Shift in Focus from ____ to Human Experience - While religion was still important but humanism encouraged people to explore and celebrate human achievements and experiences. This idea of individualism contrasted with the medieval emphasis on conformity and submission to religious authority

Religion

The invention of the ____ by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century made it easier and more affordable to produce books. This led to the widespread dissemination of humanist ideas, making them accessible to a broader audience.

Printing press

Church leaders and merchants and wealthy families also were _____ by spending huge amounts of money for art

Patron of the arts

_____ used a realistic style when depicting the human body. ____ also made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality

Michaelangelo, donatello

____ was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Mona Lisa

Leonardo de vinci

_____’s favorite subjects was the Madonna and child. famous for his use of perspective.____ filled the walls of Pope of Julius II’s library with paintings.

Raphael

____ Dürer, traveled to Italy to study in 1494. Dürer produced woodcuts and engravings. The popularity of Dürer’s work helped to spread Renaissance styles

Albrecht

The focus of ____ was the reform of society. promoted the education of women and founded schools attended by both boys and girls

Christian humanism

____ Erasmus, his most famous work, The Praise of Folly. all people should study the Bible. _____, he wrote the book Utopia. In Greek, utopia means “no place.” The book is about an imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out. In Utopia, because there was little greed, Utopians had little use for money

Desiderius,Thomas more

Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500s, known as the __ Age,

Elizabethan

The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age was ____. Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time

William shakespeare

Chinese invented ___ printing, in which a printer carved words or letters on a wooden block, inked the block, and then used it to print on paper. This process was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for knowledge, information, and books.

Block

Around 1045, ____ invented movable type or a separate piece of type for each character in the language

Bi sheng

CAUSES OF REFORMATION ○ ___- The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church. • The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church

Social

____ - Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe. Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority ○ _____ - European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth. Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church. ○ ____ - Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt. Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable. Others broke their priestly vows by marrying, and some drank to excess or gambled.

Political,economic,religious

The ____ In 1517, Luther decided to take a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetze

95 theses

LUTHER’S TEACHING: 3 MAIN IDEAS ○ People could win ____ only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. ○ All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the ___ ○ All people with faith were ___. NO NEED FOR PRIEST

Salvation,bible,equal

The Pope’s Threat - the pope realized that this monk was a serious threat. ○ In 1520, Pope ___ issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication. Leo excommunicated Luther.

Leo x

Holy Roman Emperor ____ opposed Luther’s teaching. He summoned Luther to the town of Worms (vawrmz) in 1521, Luther refused. After a month, ____ issued an imperial order, It declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic

Charles V

no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. Saved by , Prince ____ the Wise of Saxony

Frederick

___.- Luther and his followers had become a separate religious group

Lutherans

___ princes supported Lutheranism. REASON: an excuse to seize Church property & assert their independence from Charles (SELFISH REASON)

German

___ was applied to Christians who belonged to non Catholic churches. protesting princes came to be known as Protestants.

Protestant

Protestantism: branch of Christianity ○ ___ ○ ___ ○ ___

Lutheranism,calvinism,anglicanism

____ Wants a Son When ___ became king of England in 1509, he was a devout Catholic.

Henry VIII

Henry’s many marriages led to conflict with the ___ Church and the founding of the Church of England.

Catholic

1509 Henry VIII becomes king; marries ___ of Aragon. ● 1516 Daughter Mary is born

Catherine

1533 Parliament places clergy under Henry’s control; Henry divorces Catherine, marries _____ (at left); daughter Elizabeth born

Anne boleyn

1537 Henry’s third wife, ___ Seymour, has son, Edward. She dies from complications

Jane

Elizabeth Restores ____ ○ Elizabeth’s wishes and set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church, with Elizabeth as its head. This was to be the only legal church in England.

Protestantism

___ Formalizes Protestant Ideas - But ___;grew up to have as much influence in the spread of Protestantism as Luther did.

Calvin

Calvin wrote that men and women are sinful by nature. ○ ____- God chooses a very few people to save. Calvin called these few the “elect.” God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved

Predestination

Calvin believed that the ideal government was a ____, a government controlled by religious leaders ○ In 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland, asked Calvin to lead their city

Theocracy

___ became known as Presbyterians. ● In France, Calvin’s followers were called ____. Hatred between Catholics and ___$ frequently led to violence.

Knox,huguenots

Catholic ____ - Helping Catholics to remain loyal was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself

Reformation

● In 1540, the pope created a religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus ○ Members were called ____ ○ First, they founded schools throughout Europe ○ The ___;second mission was to convert nonChristians to Catholicism ○ third goal was to stop the spread of Protestantism.

Jesuits

From 1545 to 1563, at the Council of Trent, Catholic bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines: ○ • The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a ___ ○ • Christians needed faith and good works for salvation. They were not saved by ___alone, as Luther argued. ○ • The ___ and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.

Heretic,faith,bible

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問題一覧

The term means rebirth, and in this context, it refers to a revival of art and learning

Renaissance

Since __ are often places where people exchange ideas, they were an ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolution.

Cities

Florence, Venice

Black death

Merchants and the ___ A wealthy merchant class developed in each Italian city-state

Medici

The Medici family __ had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe

Bank

_____was the wealthiest. He did not seek political office for himself, but influenced members of the ruling council by giving them loans. For 30 years, he was dictator of Florence

Cosimo de medici

Looking to Greece and Rome, They achieved this in several ways. First, the artists and scholars of Italy drew inspiration from the ruins of ___ that surrounded them

Rome

Latin,christians

Humanism

Religion

Printing press

Church leaders and merchants and wealthy families also were _____ by spending huge amounts of money for art

Patron of the arts

_____ used a realistic style when depicting the human body. ____ also made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality

Michaelangelo, donatello

____ was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Mona Lisa

Leonardo de vinci

_____’s favorite subjects was the Madonna and child. famous for his use of perspective.____ filled the walls of Pope of Julius II’s library with paintings.

Raphael

____ Dürer, traveled to Italy to study in 1494. Dürer produced woodcuts and engravings. The popularity of Dürer’s work helped to spread Renaissance styles

Albrecht

The focus of ____ was the reform of society. promoted the education of women and founded schools attended by both boys and girls

Christian humanism

Desiderius,Thomas more

Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500s, known as the __ Age,

Elizabethan

The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age was ____. Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time

William shakespeare

Block

Around 1045, ____ invented movable type or a separate piece of type for each character in the language

Bi sheng

CAUSES OF REFORMATION ○ ___- The Renaissance values of humanism and secularism led people to question the Church. • The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church

Social

Political,economic,religious

The ____ In 1517, Luther decided to take a public stand against the actions of a friar named Johann Tetze

95 theses

Salvation,bible,equal

The Pope’s Threat - the pope realized that this monk was a serious threat. ○ In 1520, Pope ___ issued a decree threatening Luther with excommunication. Leo excommunicated Luther.

Leo x

Charles V

no one in the empire was to give Luther food or shelter. Saved by , Prince ____ the Wise of Saxony

Frederick

___.- Luther and his followers had become a separate religious group

Lutherans

___ princes supported Lutheranism. REASON: an excuse to seize Church property & assert their independence from Charles (SELFISH REASON)

German

___ was applied to Christians who belonged to non Catholic churches. protesting princes came to be known as Protestants.

Protestant

Protestantism: branch of Christianity ○ ___ ○ ___ ○ ___

Lutheranism,calvinism,anglicanism

____ Wants a Son When ___ became king of England in 1509, he was a devout Catholic.

Henry VIII

Henry’s many marriages led to conflict with the ___ Church and the founding of the Church of England.

Catholic

1509 Henry VIII becomes king; marries ___ of Aragon. ● 1516 Daughter Mary is born

Catherine

1533 Parliament places clergy under Henry’s control; Henry divorces Catherine, marries _____ (at left); daughter Elizabeth born

Anne boleyn

1537 Henry’s third wife, ___ Seymour, has son, Edward. She dies from complications

Jane

Elizabeth Restores ____ ○ Elizabeth’s wishes and set up the Church of England, or Anglican Church, with Elizabeth as its head. This was to be the only legal church in England.

Protestantism

___ Formalizes Protestant Ideas - But ___;grew up to have as much influence in the spread of Protestantism as Luther did.

Calvin

Predestination

Calvin believed that the ideal government was a ____, a government controlled by religious leaders ○ In 1541, Protestants in Geneva, Switzerland, asked Calvin to lead their city

Theocracy

___ became known as Presbyterians. ● In France, Calvin’s followers were called ____. Hatred between Catholics and ___$ frequently led to violence.

Knox,huguenots

Catholic ____ - Helping Catholics to remain loyal was a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself

Reformation

Jesuits

Heretic,faith,bible