WH: CHAPTER 21
問題一覧
1
Hapsburg king. He inherited Spain, Spain’s American colonies, parts of Italy, and lands in
Austria and the Netherlands.
Charles V
2
It allowed German princes to choose the
religion for their territory. 1555
Peace of Augsburg
3
Charles V son. inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the
American colonies.
he seized the Portuguese kingdom dahil walang heir
Philip II
4
the campaign to drive Muslims from Spain, had been
completed only 64 years before
Reconquista
5
1571 - More than 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large
Ottoman fleet in a fierce battle near ____
Lepanto
6
1588 - Philip launched the Spanish ____ in an attempt to punish
Protestant England and its queen, Elizabeth I.
Armada
7
His real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos, but Spaniards called
him El ____, meaning “the Greek.”
El Greco
8
pride of the Spanish monarchy.
○ He is best known for his portraits of the royal family and scenes of
court life.
Diego Velázquez
9
The publication of _______ de la Mancha in 1605 is often called
the birth of the modern European novel
Don Quixote
10
decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods
and services
Inflation
11
two main causes of Spain inflation
Population and Silver bullion
12
When Spain expelled the ___ and ____(Muslims) around 1500, it lost
many valuable artisans and businesspeople
Jews and Moors
13
Spaniards bought much of what they needed from ____, _____, and the
____. Spain’s great wealth flowed into the pockets of foreigners, who
were mostly Spain’s enemies
France, England, Netherlands
14
Spanish duke of ____ to punish the rebels. On a single day in 1568, the duke
executed 1,500 Protestants and suspected rebels.
Alva
15
greatest Dutch artist of the period.
○ painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants
○ The Night Watch (shown below), he portrayed a group of city guards
Rembrandt van Rijn
16
He reveals how important merchants, civic leaders, and the middle class in
general were in 17th-century Netherlands
Jan Vermeer
17
______ (a trading company controlled by the Dutch
government) to dominate the Asian spice trade and the Indian Ocean trade.
Gradually, the Dutch replaced the Italians as the bankers of Europe.
Dutch East India Company
18
God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s
representative
Divine right
19
____ century was a period of great upheaval in Europe
17th
20
1559, King Henry II of France died, leaving four young sons. The real power
behind the throne during this period was their mother, _____ de Médicis.
Catherine
21
Catherine tried to preserve royal authority, but growing conflicts between
Catholics and ______—French Protestants—rocked the country
Huguenots
22
In 1572, the St. ________' Day Massacre in Paris sparked a six-week,
nationwide slaughter of Huguenots.
Bartholomews
23
the marriage of Catherine’s daughter to a Huguenot prince, _____ of
Navarre. Most of these nobles died, but he survived
Henry
24
1589 - He became _____, the first king of the Bourbon dynasty in France
Henry IV
25
1598- Henry IV declared that the Huguenots could live in
peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities
Edict of Nantes
26
After Henry IV, ______. reigned. He was a weak king, but in 1624, he appointed a
strong minister who made up for all of his weaknesses.
Louis VIII
27
A strong minister who made up for all of Louis’s weaknesses
Cardinal Richelieu
28
Richelieu took two steps to increase the power of the Bourbon
monarchy
He moved against Huguenots. Weaken the nobles’ power
29
French thinkers had witnessed the religious wars with horror. What they saw turned
them toward ______, the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain.
Skepticism
30
To communicate his ideas, _____ developed a new form of literature,
the essay. An essay is a brief work that expresses a person’s thoughts and
opinions.
Montaigne
31
Meditations on First Philosophy, _____ examined the skeptical argument
that one could never be certain of anything.
Rene Descartes
32
the most powerful ruler in French history—_____. He reportedly boasted,
“L’état, c’est moi,” meaning “I am the state. he was only a fouryear-old boy when he
began his reign
Louis XIV
33
the true ruler of France was Richelieu’s successor
Cardinal Mazarin
34
He assisted Louis XIV more in achieving these goals
(economic growth)
Colbert
35
Colbert believed in the theory of _____
He wanted it to be able to manufacture everything it needed instead
of relying on imports.
Mercantilism
36
Louis announced a policy that slowed France’s economic progress. In 1685,
he canceled the _____,
○ thousands of Huguenot artisans and business people fled the country.
Louis’s policy thus robbed France of many skilled workers
Edict of Nantes
37
_____ was a center of the arts during Louis’s reign
Versailles
38
1672- ______ led an army into the Dutch Netherlands
○ NATALO
○ Dutch saved their country by opening the dikes and flooding the
countryside
Louis XIV
39
1672- Louis XIV led an army into the Dutch Netherlands
The war ended in 1678 with the Treaty of _____
Nijmegen
40
1700 - the childless king of Spain, Charles II, died after promising his throne
to Louis XIV’s 16-year-old grandson, ____ of Anjou
Philip
41
War of the Spanish Succession. - The costly war dragged on until 1714. The
Treaty of _____ was signed in that year.
○ Treaty of ____ - Louis’s grandson was allowed to remain king of
Spain so long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united.
Utrecht
42
Both the Lutheran and the Catholic princes tried to gain followers. In addition, both
sides felt threatened by _____, which was spreading in Germany and gaining
many followers. Catholic princes formed the Catholic League
Calvinism
43
______ - Holy Roman emperor, head of the Hapsburg family.
○ ruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia. WaLANG TIWALA SA KANIYA
YUNG MGA PROTESTANTS
Ferdinand II
44
_____ conflict over religion and territory and for power among
European ruling families
Thirty Years’ War
45
Thirty years' war can be divided into two
Hapsburg triumphs and defeats
46
The war did great damage to Germany
The Peace of _____ (1648) ended the war
Westphalia
47
Kingdom of ____, the Holy _____, and the ____ Empire. Strong
states formed in central Europe than in western Europe
Poland, roman empire, ottoman
48
_____ - landowning aristocracy in ____ Europe passed laws
restricting the ability of serfs to gain freedom and move to cities
_____ - serfs in ____ Europe slowly won freedom and moved to
towns. There, they joined middle-class townspeople, who gained economic
power because of the commercial revolution and the development of
capitalism.
Central,Western
49
- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on their
lord's estate.
Serfs
50
In the late 1600s, two German-speaking families decided to try to fill this vacuum by
becoming absolute rulers themselves
● _____ of Austria family
Hapsburgs
51
In 1711, _____ became the Hapsburg ruler
Charles VI
52
CHARLES VI persuaded other leaders of Europe to sign an agreement that declared
they would recognize Charles’s eldest daughter, _______, as the heir to all his Hapsburg
territories
Maria theresa
53
Maria Theresa's main enemy was _____, a state to the north of Austria.
Prussia
54
Prussia rose to power in the late 1600s. Like the Hapsburgs of Austria, Prussia’s ruling family,
the _______, also had ambitions
Hohenzollerns
55
____$$ - 1640, a 20-year-old Hohenzollern
.
○ the Great Elector, decided that having a strong army was the only way to
ensure safety.
○
moved toward absolute monarchy to protect the land
○ created a standing army, the best in Europe.
○ To pay for the army, they introduced permanent taxation.
Frederick william
56
_____ - Prussia’s landowning nobility
○ resisted the king’s growing power
○ He gave them the exclusive right to be officers in his army
Junkers
57
Frederick William's son
● he and a friend tried to run away, they were caught. To punish Frederick, the king
ordered him to witness his friend’s beheading
Frederick
58
Frederick wanted the Austrian land of ___, which bordered Prussia.
● Frederick underestimated Maria Theresa’s strength because she was a woman
●
In 1740, beginning the War of the Austrian Succession
Silesia
59
The ______ (1756 - 1763)
● Maria Theresa made an alliance with FRANCE (ally dati ng prussia)
○ The result was a diplomatic revolution.
● Frederick signed a treaty with Britain—Austria’s former ally
● AUSTRIA’S ALLY - France, Russia, and others
○ AGAINST BRITAIN & PRUSSIA
○
Russia was playing a role in European affairs
Seven years' war
60
_____ of Moscow, who ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505. accomplished several things.
First, he
conquered much of the territory around Moscow.
Second, he liberated Russia from the
Mongols.
Third, he began to centralize the Russian government. .
Ivan III
61
_____ (1533) - called Ivan the Terrible
● seized power and had himself crowned czar. This title meant “caesar,”
●
married the beautiful Anastasia
○
boyar family, the Romanovs
Ivan IV
62
_____- Russia’s landowning nobles. They fought to control young Ivan
Boyars
63
_____ - Russia experienced a period of turmoil. Boyars struggled for power,
and heirs of czars died under mysterious conditions.
Time of troubles
64
1613 - representatives from many Russian cities met to choose the next czar.
● ______, grandnephew of Ivan the Terrible’s wife, Anastasia.
Michael romanov
65
They strengthened government by passing a law code and putting down a revolt. In 1696,
_____ became sole ruler of Russia. He is known to history as ____ the Great,
Peter
66
Mongol rule - cut Russia off from the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration
● Geographic barriers - isolated Russia
○
Its only seaport, _____ in northern Russia, was choked with ice much of
the year
Archangel
67
_____” a long visit to western Europe if peter
Grand embassy
68
Peter’s goal of ______, of using western Europe as a model for change. A way to
make Russia stronger.
Westernization
69
Peter increased his powers as an absolute ruler.
● HOW?
○ brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control
■ ____ to run the Church under his direction
○ reduced the power of the great landowners.
■ recruited men from lower-ranking families
■ gave positions of authority and land
○ European tactics with European weapons
■
hired European officers
○ Peter imposed heavy taxes
Holy synod
70
Peter increased his powers as an absolute ruler.
● HOW?
○ brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control
■ Holy synod to run the Church under his direction
○ reduced the power of the great landowners.
■ recruited men from lower-ranking families
■ gave positions of authority and land
○ European ______ with European weapons
■
hired European officers
○ Peter imposed heavy taxes
Tactics
71
Westernizing Russia
●Introduced _____ - STAPLE
● Russia’s first _____
● raised women’s status
● ordered the nobles to give up their traditional clothes for Western fashions
●
advanced ___₱
Potatoes,newspaper,education
72
new city on Swedish lands occupied by Russian troops.
○ Ships could sail down the Neva River into the Baltic Sea and on to western
Europe.
St. Petersburg
73
● Elizabeth had no child
●
_____ (king of Scotland) became King ___ I of England in 1603
James stuart
74
James’s Problems
● James offended the ____ members of Parliament.
● he refused to make ____ reforms.
Puritan
75
he dissolved the parliament because it refuses to give money because his at war with
SPAIN & FRANCE
(England)
Charles I
76
Charles offended Puritans by upholding the rituals of the ____ church. Scots rebelled,
assembled a huge army, and threatened to invade England. H
Anglican
77
English Civil War (1642 to 1649)
○ ROYALIST OR ______ - supporters and
○ PURITANS CALLED _____ - opponents of King Charles
Cavaliers,roundhead
78
______- PURITANS won the war because of this general
○ 1645 - new model army defeated cavaliers
Oliver cromwell
79
1649 - He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords
(England)
●
established a commonwealth, a republican form of government.
Cromwell
80
_____ - drafted a constitution, the first written constitution of any modern
European state.
John lambert
81
_____ - period of Charles II rule. restored the monarchy(ENGLAND)
Restoration
82
____ - Latin meaning “to have the body.” Guarantee of freedom
Habeas corpus
83
____ opposed James
○ ____ supported
○ England’s first political parties
Whigs,Tories
84
1685 - _____ became king.
●
offended his subjects by displaying his Catholicism
● appointed several Catholics to high office
James II
85
● Mary wife of William (prince of netherlands)(protestants)
○ William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism
○ William led his army to London in 1688, James fled to France.
● _____ Revolution. - This bloodless overthrow of King James II
Glorious
86
_____ (1689)
● limits of royal power,
○ no suspending of Parliament’s laws
○ no levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament
○
no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
○
no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances
Bill of rights
87
______
○ a group of government ministers, or officials
○ Solution to the problem
○ acted in the ruler’s name but in reality represented the major party of
Parliament.
○ BECOME THE LINK BETWEEN THE TWO
○ the cabinet became the center of power and policymaking
Cabinet
88
Head of cabinet
Prime minister
Module 1: Teaching Approach
Module 1: Teaching Approach
Gresibelle Yumang · 28問 · 2年前Module 1: Teaching Approach
Module 1: Teaching Approach
28問 • 2年前MODULE 1 AOL1
MODULE 1 AOL1
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MODULE 1 AOL1
59問 • 2年前Module 2 Teaching approach
Module 2 Teaching approach
Gresibelle Yumang · 26問 · 2年前Module 2 Teaching approach
Module 2 Teaching approach
26問 • 2年前WH: Chapter 20
WH: Chapter 20
Gresibelle Yumang · 46問 · 2年前WH: Chapter 20
WH: Chapter 20
46問 • 2年前WH: Chapter 17 Renaissance
WH: Chapter 17 Renaissance
Gresibelle Yumang · 47問 · 2年前WH: Chapter 17 Renaissance
WH: Chapter 17 Renaissance
47問 • 2年前WH: CHAPTER 18
WH: CHAPTER 18
Gresibelle Yumang · 19問 · 2年前WH: CHAPTER 18
WH: CHAPTER 18
19問 • 2年前WH: CHAPTER 19
WH: CHAPTER 19
Gresibelle Yumang · 35問 · 2年前WH: CHAPTER 19
WH: CHAPTER 19
35問 • 2年前WH: CHAPTER 21 PEOPLE
WH: CHAPTER 21 PEOPLE
Gresibelle Yumang · 8問 · 2年前WH: CHAPTER 21 PEOPLE
WH: CHAPTER 21 PEOPLE
8問 • 2年前BED: Module 1
BED: Module 1
Gresibelle Yumang · 37問 · 2年前BED: Module 1
BED: Module 1
37問 • 2年前Module 3 Teaching approach
Module 3 Teaching approach
Gresibelle Yumang · 32問 · 2年前Module 3 Teaching approach
Module 3 Teaching approach
32問 • 2年前ttl2
ttl2
Gresibelle Yumang · 6問 · 2年前ttl2
ttl2
6問 • 2年前1&2
1&2
Gresibelle Yumang · 47問 · 1年前1&2
1&2
47問 • 1年前INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Gresibelle Yumang · 13問 · 1年前INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
13問 • 1年前module 1
module 1
Gresibelle Yumang · 47問 · 1年前module 1
module 1
47問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
Hapsburg king. He inherited Spain, Spain’s American colonies, parts of Italy, and lands in
Austria and the Netherlands.
Charles V
2
It allowed German princes to choose the
religion for their territory. 1555
Peace of Augsburg
3
Charles V son. inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the
American colonies.
he seized the Portuguese kingdom dahil walang heir
Philip II
4
the campaign to drive Muslims from Spain, had been
completed only 64 years before
Reconquista
5
1571 - More than 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large
Ottoman fleet in a fierce battle near ____
Lepanto
6
1588 - Philip launched the Spanish ____ in an attempt to punish
Protestant England and its queen, Elizabeth I.
Armada
7
His real name was Domenikos Theotokopoulos, but Spaniards called
him El ____, meaning “the Greek.”
El Greco
8
pride of the Spanish monarchy.
○ He is best known for his portraits of the royal family and scenes of
court life.
Diego Velázquez
9
The publication of _______ de la Mancha in 1605 is often called
the birth of the modern European novel
Don Quixote
10
decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods
and services
Inflation
11
two main causes of Spain inflation
Population and Silver bullion
12
When Spain expelled the ___ and ____(Muslims) around 1500, it lost
many valuable artisans and businesspeople
Jews and Moors
13
Spaniards bought much of what they needed from ____, _____, and the
____. Spain’s great wealth flowed into the pockets of foreigners, who
were mostly Spain’s enemies
France, England, Netherlands
14
Spanish duke of ____ to punish the rebels. On a single day in 1568, the duke
executed 1,500 Protestants and suspected rebels.
Alva
15
greatest Dutch artist of the period.
○ painted portraits of wealthy middle-class merchants
○ The Night Watch (shown below), he portrayed a group of city guards
Rembrandt van Rijn
16
He reveals how important merchants, civic leaders, and the middle class in
general were in 17th-century Netherlands
Jan Vermeer
17
______ (a trading company controlled by the Dutch
government) to dominate the Asian spice trade and the Indian Ocean trade.
Gradually, the Dutch replaced the Italians as the bankers of Europe.
Dutch East India Company
18
God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s
representative
Divine right
19
____ century was a period of great upheaval in Europe
17th
20
1559, King Henry II of France died, leaving four young sons. The real power
behind the throne during this period was their mother, _____ de Médicis.
Catherine
21
Catherine tried to preserve royal authority, but growing conflicts between
Catholics and ______—French Protestants—rocked the country
Huguenots
22
In 1572, the St. ________' Day Massacre in Paris sparked a six-week,
nationwide slaughter of Huguenots.
Bartholomews
23
the marriage of Catherine’s daughter to a Huguenot prince, _____ of
Navarre. Most of these nobles died, but he survived
Henry
24
1589 - He became _____, the first king of the Bourbon dynasty in France
Henry IV
25
1598- Henry IV declared that the Huguenots could live in
peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities
Edict of Nantes
26
After Henry IV, ______. reigned. He was a weak king, but in 1624, he appointed a
strong minister who made up for all of his weaknesses.
Louis VIII
27
A strong minister who made up for all of Louis’s weaknesses
Cardinal Richelieu
28
Richelieu took two steps to increase the power of the Bourbon
monarchy
He moved against Huguenots. Weaken the nobles’ power
29
French thinkers had witnessed the religious wars with horror. What they saw turned
them toward ______, the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain.
Skepticism
30
To communicate his ideas, _____ developed a new form of literature,
the essay. An essay is a brief work that expresses a person’s thoughts and
opinions.
Montaigne
31
Meditations on First Philosophy, _____ examined the skeptical argument
that one could never be certain of anything.
Rene Descartes
32
the most powerful ruler in French history—_____. He reportedly boasted,
“L’état, c’est moi,” meaning “I am the state. he was only a fouryear-old boy when he
began his reign
Louis XIV
33
the true ruler of France was Richelieu’s successor
Cardinal Mazarin
34
He assisted Louis XIV more in achieving these goals
(economic growth)
Colbert
35
Colbert believed in the theory of _____
He wanted it to be able to manufacture everything it needed instead
of relying on imports.
Mercantilism
36
Louis announced a policy that slowed France’s economic progress. In 1685,
he canceled the _____,
○ thousands of Huguenot artisans and business people fled the country.
Louis’s policy thus robbed France of many skilled workers
Edict of Nantes
37
_____ was a center of the arts during Louis’s reign
Versailles
38
1672- ______ led an army into the Dutch Netherlands
○ NATALO
○ Dutch saved their country by opening the dikes and flooding the
countryside
Louis XIV
39
1672- Louis XIV led an army into the Dutch Netherlands
The war ended in 1678 with the Treaty of _____
Nijmegen
40
1700 - the childless king of Spain, Charles II, died after promising his throne
to Louis XIV’s 16-year-old grandson, ____ of Anjou
Philip
41
War of the Spanish Succession. - The costly war dragged on until 1714. The
Treaty of _____ was signed in that year.
○ Treaty of ____ - Louis’s grandson was allowed to remain king of
Spain so long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united.
Utrecht
42
Both the Lutheran and the Catholic princes tried to gain followers. In addition, both
sides felt threatened by _____, which was spreading in Germany and gaining
many followers. Catholic princes formed the Catholic League
Calvinism
43
______ - Holy Roman emperor, head of the Hapsburg family.
○ ruled the Czech kingdom of Bohemia. WaLANG TIWALA SA KANIYA
YUNG MGA PROTESTANTS
Ferdinand II
44
_____ conflict over religion and territory and for power among
European ruling families
Thirty Years’ War
45
Thirty years' war can be divided into two
Hapsburg triumphs and defeats
46
The war did great damage to Germany
The Peace of _____ (1648) ended the war
Westphalia
47
Kingdom of ____, the Holy _____, and the ____ Empire. Strong
states formed in central Europe than in western Europe
Poland, roman empire, ottoman
48
_____ - landowning aristocracy in ____ Europe passed laws
restricting the ability of serfs to gain freedom and move to cities
_____ - serfs in ____ Europe slowly won freedom and moved to
towns. There, they joined middle-class townspeople, who gained economic
power because of the commercial revolution and the development of
capitalism.
Central,Western
49
- an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on their
lord's estate.
Serfs
50
In the late 1600s, two German-speaking families decided to try to fill this vacuum by
becoming absolute rulers themselves
● _____ of Austria family
Hapsburgs
51
In 1711, _____ became the Hapsburg ruler
Charles VI
52
CHARLES VI persuaded other leaders of Europe to sign an agreement that declared
they would recognize Charles’s eldest daughter, _______, as the heir to all his Hapsburg
territories
Maria theresa
53
Maria Theresa's main enemy was _____, a state to the north of Austria.
Prussia
54
Prussia rose to power in the late 1600s. Like the Hapsburgs of Austria, Prussia’s ruling family,
the _______, also had ambitions
Hohenzollerns
55
____$$ - 1640, a 20-year-old Hohenzollern
.
○ the Great Elector, decided that having a strong army was the only way to
ensure safety.
○
moved toward absolute monarchy to protect the land
○ created a standing army, the best in Europe.
○ To pay for the army, they introduced permanent taxation.
Frederick william
56
_____ - Prussia’s landowning nobility
○ resisted the king’s growing power
○ He gave them the exclusive right to be officers in his army
Junkers
57
Frederick William's son
● he and a friend tried to run away, they were caught. To punish Frederick, the king
ordered him to witness his friend’s beheading
Frederick
58
Frederick wanted the Austrian land of ___, which bordered Prussia.
● Frederick underestimated Maria Theresa’s strength because she was a woman
●
In 1740, beginning the War of the Austrian Succession
Silesia
59
The ______ (1756 - 1763)
● Maria Theresa made an alliance with FRANCE (ally dati ng prussia)
○ The result was a diplomatic revolution.
● Frederick signed a treaty with Britain—Austria’s former ally
● AUSTRIA’S ALLY - France, Russia, and others
○ AGAINST BRITAIN & PRUSSIA
○
Russia was playing a role in European affairs
Seven years' war
60
_____ of Moscow, who ruled Russia from 1462 to 1505. accomplished several things.
First, he
conquered much of the territory around Moscow.
Second, he liberated Russia from the
Mongols.
Third, he began to centralize the Russian government. .
Ivan III
61
_____ (1533) - called Ivan the Terrible
● seized power and had himself crowned czar. This title meant “caesar,”
●
married the beautiful Anastasia
○
boyar family, the Romanovs
Ivan IV
62
_____- Russia’s landowning nobles. They fought to control young Ivan
Boyars
63
_____ - Russia experienced a period of turmoil. Boyars struggled for power,
and heirs of czars died under mysterious conditions.
Time of troubles
64
1613 - representatives from many Russian cities met to choose the next czar.
● ______, grandnephew of Ivan the Terrible’s wife, Anastasia.
Michael romanov
65
They strengthened government by passing a law code and putting down a revolt. In 1696,
_____ became sole ruler of Russia. He is known to history as ____ the Great,
Peter
66
Mongol rule - cut Russia off from the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration
● Geographic barriers - isolated Russia
○
Its only seaport, _____ in northern Russia, was choked with ice much of
the year
Archangel
67
_____” a long visit to western Europe if peter
Grand embassy
68
Peter’s goal of ______, of using western Europe as a model for change. A way to
make Russia stronger.
Westernization
69
Peter increased his powers as an absolute ruler.
● HOW?
○ brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control
■ ____ to run the Church under his direction
○ reduced the power of the great landowners.
■ recruited men from lower-ranking families
■ gave positions of authority and land
○ European tactics with European weapons
■
hired European officers
○ Peter imposed heavy taxes
Holy synod
70
Peter increased his powers as an absolute ruler.
● HOW?
○ brought the Russian Orthodox Church under state control
■ Holy synod to run the Church under his direction
○ reduced the power of the great landowners.
■ recruited men from lower-ranking families
■ gave positions of authority and land
○ European ______ with European weapons
■
hired European officers
○ Peter imposed heavy taxes
Tactics
71
Westernizing Russia
●Introduced _____ - STAPLE
● Russia’s first _____
● raised women’s status
● ordered the nobles to give up their traditional clothes for Western fashions
●
advanced ___₱
Potatoes,newspaper,education
72
new city on Swedish lands occupied by Russian troops.
○ Ships could sail down the Neva River into the Baltic Sea and on to western
Europe.
St. Petersburg
73
● Elizabeth had no child
●
_____ (king of Scotland) became King ___ I of England in 1603
James stuart
74
James’s Problems
● James offended the ____ members of Parliament.
● he refused to make ____ reforms.
Puritan
75
he dissolved the parliament because it refuses to give money because his at war with
SPAIN & FRANCE
(England)
Charles I
76
Charles offended Puritans by upholding the rituals of the ____ church. Scots rebelled,
assembled a huge army, and threatened to invade England. H
Anglican
77
English Civil War (1642 to 1649)
○ ROYALIST OR ______ - supporters and
○ PURITANS CALLED _____ - opponents of King Charles
Cavaliers,roundhead
78
______- PURITANS won the war because of this general
○ 1645 - new model army defeated cavaliers
Oliver cromwell
79
1649 - He abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords
(England)
●
established a commonwealth, a republican form of government.
Cromwell
80
_____ - drafted a constitution, the first written constitution of any modern
European state.
John lambert
81
_____ - period of Charles II rule. restored the monarchy(ENGLAND)
Restoration
82
____ - Latin meaning “to have the body.” Guarantee of freedom
Habeas corpus
83
____ opposed James
○ ____ supported
○ England’s first political parties
Whigs,Tories
84
1685 - _____ became king.
●
offended his subjects by displaying his Catholicism
● appointed several Catholics to high office
James II
85
● Mary wife of William (prince of netherlands)(protestants)
○ William and Mary to overthrow James for the sake of Protestantism
○ William led his army to London in 1688, James fled to France.
● _____ Revolution. - This bloodless overthrow of King James II
Glorious
86
_____ (1689)
● limits of royal power,
○ no suspending of Parliament’s laws
○ no levying of taxes without a specific grant from Parliament
○
no interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament
○
no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances
Bill of rights
87
______
○ a group of government ministers, or officials
○ Solution to the problem
○ acted in the ruler’s name but in reality represented the major party of
Parliament.
○ BECOME THE LINK BETWEEN THE TWO
○ the cabinet became the center of power and policymaking
Cabinet
88
Head of cabinet
Prime minister