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61問 • 1年前

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Tourism that seeks to minimize ecological and sociocultural impacts while providing economic benefits to local communities and host countries”(Mohank Agreement, 2000)

Sustainable Tourism

Which meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enchaning opportunity for the future .It is envisages as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic ,social and aesthetic need can be fuilfilled while maintaining ,cultural intergrity ,essential ecotogical process biological diversity and life support system [WTO1993]

Sustainable Tourism

According to the World Tourism Organization, __ is “Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment, and host communities"

Sustainable Tourism

RT ST MIT EFT ET AT

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Sustainable Development

The Triple Bottom Line framework, first used by ___, introduced social and environmental aspects along with the economic element.p

John Elkington in 1994

The Triple Bottom Line framework,

Environmental Social Economic

even while running a profitable business, the activity contributes to the community, bringing and sharing prosperity.

Economic

the activity does not damage the socio-cultural milieu in which it is being conducted. Ideally, it may revive and revitalize skills, structures and knowledge of the community.

Social

the activity minimizes damage to or destruction of the environment, which includes air, land, water, flora and fauna. Ideally, the activity may benefit the environment, for example, by contributing to conservation efforts or recharging aquifers.

Environment

Tourism considered to be smokeless industry Advent of mass tourism witnessed intrusion of tourism activities into natural and cultural heritage sites . The negative impacts of tourism became more evident - economically, socio- culturally and environmentally

avoids the costs of restoring long-term environmental damage and contributes to the quality of tourism.

Reducing over-consumption and waste.

The conservation and sustainable use of resources- natural, social and cultural – is crucial and makes long-term business sense

Using resources sustainably.

Maintaining and promoting natural, social and cultural diversity is essential for long- term sustainable tourism and creates a resilient base for the industry.

Maintaining biodiversity.

Tourism development which is integrated into a national and local strategic planning framework and which undertake environmental impact assessments increases the long-term viability of tourism.

Integrating tourism into planning.

Tourism that supports a wide range of local economic activities and which takes environmental costs and values into account, both protects these economies and avoids environmental damage.

Supporting local economies.

The full involvement of local communities in the tourism sector not only benefits them and the environment in general but also improves the quality of the tourism experience.

Involving local communities.

Consulting between the tourism industry and local communities, organizations and institutions are essential if they are to work alongside each other and resolve potential conflicts of interest.

Consulting stakeholders and the public.

integrates sustainable tourism into work practices, along with recruitment of personnel at all levels, improves the quality of the tourism product.

Training staff.

Ongoing research and monitoring by the industry using effective data collection and analysis are essential to help solve problems and to bring benefits to destinations, the industry, and consumers.

Undertaking research.

Marketing that provides tourists with the full and responsible information increases respect for the natural, social and cultural environments of destination areas and enhances customer satisfaction.

Marketing tourism responsibly.

Principles of Sustainable Tourism

1) Using resources sustainably. 2) Reducing over-consumption and waste. 3) Maintaining biodiversity. 4) Integrating tourism into planning 5) Supporting local economies. 6) Involving local communities. 7) Consulting stakeholders and the public. 8) Training staff. 9) Marketing tourism responsibly. 10) Undertaking research.

It is a multidimensional activity and seeks to be integrative. It embraces social, economic, political, psychological, anthropological, and technological factors. It is concerned with the past, present and the future.

Planning

organizing the future to achieve certain objectives.

Planning

Major types of planning

Economic development planning Physical land use planning Infrastructure planning Social facility planning Park and conservation planning Corporate planning Urban and regional planning

applies the comprehensive planning approach integrating economic, land use, infrastructure, social facility and park and conservation planning

Urban and regional planning

transportation facilities and services, water supply, electric power, sewage and solid waste disposal, and telecommunications;

Infrastructure planning

educational, medical, and recreation facilities and services

Social facility planning

Basic human activity Problem Solving activity Control of Human Action Rational Choice

Planning

Not a purely individual activity Not present-oriented

Not planning

Has little or nothing in common with the “trial-and-error” approach in problem solving Not just the imagining of desirable futures

Not planning

is the deliberate social or organizational activity of developing an optimal strategy for achieving a desired set of goals

Planning

Aimed at bringing certain benefits to society while maintaining sustainability of the country

Tourism Planning

Prepared within a time framework

Tourism Planning

must apply a flexible, comprehensive, integrated, environmental and sustainable, community based, and implementable approach

Tourism Planning

may be incorporated into the general planning of an area

Tourism Planning

refers to what is expected to be achieved from the planning

Objective

refers to the development approach applied to guide and determine decision-making expressed in term of a set of statements and relates directly to the development objectives;

Policy

refers to an orderly arrangement of parts of an overall system that reflects the policy

Plan

consists of maps, other graphic representations, and explanatory text including statements on recommendations

Plan

refers to the means accomplishing the policy and plan recommendations

Strategy

refers to the planned management of specific sites and places natural and cultural resources in general

Conservation

General concept of planning

Objective Policy Plan Strategy Conservation

On a global scale, the only fully sustainable tourism is to make tourists stay at home

Jensen and Bonnevie (1995)

The concept of sustainability is itself a threat to the longevity of the tourism industry, because, moving toward an ecological definition of sustainability may reduce access to the natural resources upon which the industry depends.

McKercher (1993)

Suggested that sustainability is the condition where actions are socially desirable, economically feasible and ecologically viable.

Campbell and Heck (1997)

occurs at the intersection of what is socially desirable, ecologically viable and economically feasible

Sustainable Solution

Three important aspects:

time, space, and function

concerns over what period do we measure the sustainability of tourism five years, a decade, a generation?

Time

Sustainability must consider

Temporal, Spatial, and Functional Scales

concerns over the functionality of state institutions

Function

Sustainability deals with concept of __

equity

deals with creating or strengthening opportunity, equalizing income or redistributing power within the host population where tourism is occurring.

Intra-generational equity

the need to preserve natural resources for future generations rather than considering how tourism development may affect those living in the future.

Inter-generational equity

Achieving sustainability leads to ___ that are more resilient

social, economic and ecological systems

the ability of human communities to respond or adapt to change

Social resilience

communities with diverse economies are resilient in the sense that downturns in one industry do not significantly adverse the entire community’s economy.

Economic resiliency

the ability of an ecosystem to return to a state of equilibrium following some type of disturbance

Ecological resiliency

measure of information with which decision-makers may reduce the chances of unknowingly taking poor decisions (WTO, 1996)

Indicators

are both a tool for management today and an investment in the future, since they reduce the risk of inadvertent damage to the resource base on which the industry depends (WTO, 1996)

Indicators

are pieces of information which measure things that are important to real decisions.

Indicators

POP CULT 2

Bernadette Valencia · 46問 · 2年前

POP CULT 2