safeguard the environmental resource base for tourism, encompassing natural, built and cultural components; in order to achieve both the preceding aims.

Hunter (1995) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

satisfy the demands of tourists and the tourism industry, and continue to attract them in order to meet the first aim;

Hunter (1995) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

meet the needs and wants of the local host community in terms of improved living standards and quality of life

Hunter (1995) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance

WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

Make optimal use of environmental resources that constitute a key element in tourism development, maintaining essential ecological processes and helping to conserve natural heritage and biodiversity

WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

Should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction and ensure a meaningful experience to the tourists, raising their awareness about sustainability issues and promoting sustainable tourism practices amongst them.

WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed, including stable employment and income-earning opportunities and social services to host communities, and contributing to poverty alleviation.

WTO (2004) : Sustainable Tourism Development (STD)

is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

Sustainable development

Sustainable development contains within two key concepts:

needs & limitations

imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."

limitations

in particular the essential __ of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given

needs

is tourism that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Sustainable Tourism

requires the informed participation of all relevant stakeholders, as well as strong political leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building.

Sustainable Tourism Development

should also maintain a high level of tourist satisfaction and ensure a meaningful experience to the tourists, raising their awareness about sustainability issues and promoting sustainable tourism practices amongst them. “

Sustainable tourism

PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Ecological Sustainability Social Sustainability Culture Sustainability Economic Sustainability The Education Element The

The need to avoid or minimize the environmental impact of tourist activity.

Ecological Sustainability

The ability of community, whether local or national to absorb inputs, such as extra people, for short or long periods of time, and to continue functioning either without the creation of social disharmony as a result of these inputs or by adapting its functions and relationships so that the disharmony created can be mitigated.

Social Sustainability

The mores of interaction, the styles of life, the customs and traditions are all subject to change through the introduction of visitors with different habits, styles, customs and means of exchange. The culture may be irreversibly altered.

Culture Sustainability

A level of economic gain from activity sufficient either cover the cost of any special measures taken to cater the tourist and to mitigate the effects of the tourist presence or to offer an income appropriate to the inconvenience caused to the local community visited.

Economic Sustainability

The difference between the new forms of tourism and conventional tourism is found in an element of educational input into the activity.

Education Element

___ in sustainable tourism. Six different types of participation ranging from passive participation to self mobilization.

Local Participation

Add the __ to protect tourism destinations.

Conservation Element

A scenic or historically important area of countryside protected by the federal government for the enjoyment of the general public or the preservation of wildlife.

National park

An area of land that is protected and managed in order to preserve a particular type of habitat and its flora and fauna which are often rare or endangered.

Wildlife reserves

Areas comprising terrestrial, marine and coastal ecosystems. Each reserve promotes solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use.

Biosphere reserves

An area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment.

Country park

Area Protection

National park Wildlife reserves Biosphere reserves Country park

Cont……..Area Protection

Area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) Sites of special scientific interest

Are the basic building block of site-based nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations in the United Kingdom are based upon them, including national nature reserves, Ramsar sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation.

Sites of special scientific interest

An area of countryside in England, Wales or Northern Ireland which has been designated for conservation due to its significant landscape value.

Area of outstanding natural beauty (AONB)

Industry Regulation

Government legislation Professional association regulations International regulation and control Voluntary self- regulation Corporate social responsibility

refers to business practices involving initiatives that benefit society. A business's __ can encompass a wide variety of tactics, from giving away a portion of a company's proceeds to charity, to implementing "greener" business operations.

Corporate social responsibility

is usually a non profit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest.

Professional association regulations

is law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other governing body or the process of making it.

Government legislation

Visitor Management Techniques

Zoning Honey pots Visitor dispersion Channelled visitor flow Restricted entry Vehicle restriction Differential pricing structures

Involves establishing two or more prices for the same recreation opportunity to maximize income.

Differential pricing structures

Use limit are direct restrictions on the number of people that may enter a recreation area.

Restricted entry

The principal method used to deploy visitors and hence it is critical in achieving the appropriate combination of concentration and dispersal. Designed to allocate geographical areas for specific levels and intensities of human activities and of conservation.

Zoning

Designed to regulate the way visitors access at surrounding area to avoid the environmental destruction.

Channelled visitor flow

A location attracting a large number of tourists who, due to their numbers, place pressure on the environment and local people. __ are frequently used by cities or countries to manage their tourism industry.

Honey pots

Manage and regulate vehicle use in parks to conserve nature and to ensure the ecologically sustainable.

Vehicle restriction

The action or process of distributing tourist over a wide area.

Visitor dispersion

Tourism professionals now consider environmental quality essential to the delivery of their product

Factors pushing the tourism industry towards sustainable development

Awareness by governments and businesses that growth in tourism could threaten some of the world’s pristine environments and prime destinations

Factors pushing the tourism industry towards sustainable development

An increase in regulatory pressure and awareness of cost savings from prudent resource consumption

Factors pushing the tourism industry towards sustainable development