esci 2

100問 • 1年前

問題一覧

it is useful but should not be relied upon as a determining property bc of diff minerals may have same color/ some minerals herw also appear differently when they wet

color

Refers to ratio of a minerals mass to its volume

density

Also called crystal habit, refers to characteristic shape of an aggregate of crytals

external crystal form

Tendency to break along the planes of weak atomic bonding

cleavage

refers to rough irregular surfaces of a mineral/ a break in a mineral that is not along a cleavage plane, which is not determined by the structure of mineral

fracture

Sheen, glossiness, or reflectiveness of minerals surface/ simple way to classify based on whether the mineral is metallic or nonmetallic/

luster

Refers ro degree which light is able to pass thru mineral

transparency

3 types of transparency

transparent, opaque, translucent

Color of minerals powder/ determind by rubbing the mineral

streak

Resistance of mineral to break, bend, undergo deformation

tenacity

3 types of tenacity

brittleness malleability ductility

Flattens when hammered

malleability

Easily crumble when hammered

brittleness

Can be drawn into wires

ductility

Used to define the weight or density of a given liquid/ can be determined by dividing the minerals weight by weight of an equal volume of water

specific gravity

One of most useful diagnostic properties to determine type of mineral/ used to measurw resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching

hardness

Composed of an aggregate of one or more minerals

rocks

latin word of igneous rocks

ignis means fire

Makes up the maximum volume of earth crust/ formed when hot molten rock (magma or lava) undergoes solidification( cooling n crystallization

igneous rocks

Dark colored igneous rocks containing relatively high concentration of magnesium and iron n a low proportion of silica

mafic rocks

Light colored igneous rocks containing feldspar and high proportion of silica

felsic rocks

Igneous rocks between mafic n felsic

intermediate rocks

Very dark colored igneous rocks containing magnesium and iron and a very small portion of silica

ultramafic rocks

Hardened magma formed beneath earth

intrusive igneous rocks

intrusive igneous rocks are also known as?

plutonic igneous rocks

Hardened lava/ these rocks cool wuickly when exposed to air n water, as a result they lacked crystal growth

extrusive igneous rocks

are rocks that have formed from preexisting rocks or organic materials(dead organisms)./ they are formed from the sediments of rocks that have undergone weathering, which rocks are practically broken down into a more stable material

sedimentary rocks

3 types of sedimentary rocks

clastic sedimentary rocks chemical rocks organic rocks

Such as sandstone undergo weathering and eroision and formed the acummulation of clasts(little pieces of broken rocks n shells)

clastic sedimentary rocks

Such as coal r formed from accunulation of material from living things or products of living things

organic rocks

Such as flint,halite, r formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution/ occurs when water travels thrpugh eart crust, weather the rocks, dissolve their minerals then evaporates

chemical rocks

2 types of metamorphic rocks

foliated and nonfoliated

These rocks are formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to pressure, heat n volatiles.

metamorphic rocks

3 types of metamorphism

regional metamorphism contact metamorphism dynamic metamorphism

Forms in narrow zones adjacent to faults or thrusts that have been subjected to long term temp changes

dynamic metamorphism

Dynamic metamorphism also known as?

cataclasis

Contact metamorphism also known as?

thermal metamorphism

rocks typically found deep below the surface, where crustal plates collide and compress to form mountains and other topographical features of earth/ subjected to tremendous amounts of heat and enough pressure to change its composition n appearance, but not enough to turn it into liquid magma

regional metamorphism

Change that occurs as a result of high geothermal gradient produced around an intrusive magma

contact metamorphism

where is rock cycle attributed to?

james hutton

Changes in the physical n chemical composition

rock cycle

sediments to sedimentary rock

compaction/cementation

Sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock

heat n pressure

Metamorphic rock to magma

melting

Igneous rocks to magma

melting

Magma to igenous rocks

cooling

Igenous rocks to metamorphic rock

heat n pressure

Igneous rocks to sediments

weathering/ erosion

Metamorphic rock to sediments

weathering/erosion

Sedimentary rock to sediments

weathering n erosion

Occurs when magma cools and freezes beneath or on the surface of earth and hardens into igneous rocks

crystallization

When rocks break up to smaller pieces due to weathering agents suchs as wind, water, n other biologic activities changes in temp

erosion and sedimentation

Occurs when a rock undergoes changes in its composition and texture upon exposure to extreme heat and pressure

metamorphism

Where geologists search for areas that contain mineral resources

exploration

Process where lands geology is evaluated

prospecting

Collecting core samples from are n examine type and grade of mineral compound

drilling

Used to create map to identify the location of ores

modeling

Where site is accessed if it can be operated

development n design

To identify if the scope of mining operation should involve only the extraction of ore

scoping

Checking if the materials extracted have potential buyers

feasibility studies

Necessary facilities n ewuipment includes the materials need for operation of mine

procurement

Building roads to access the mining site, processing facilities

construction

Process of closing the mine and returning the land to its original state

closure and reclamation

Actual extraction of minerals

production

what r the mining techniques

comminution dredging dewatering

Reduction process of ore particles from large sized to smaller sized particles

comminution

Underwater excavation of placer deposits thru use of floating equipment to remove silt and other materials underneath water bodies

dredging

Removal of superficial water( anybody of water above the ground) and groundwater from mining sites

dewatering

Often used to reach higher depth deposits

underground mines

Used for more shallow depth

surface mines

used for mining coal/ tunnels r driven in regular pattern with massive square pillars between them

room n pillar

Broken ore is temporarily retained in the slope

shrinkage stoping

removal of soil and rock materials above a layer or seam

strip mining

Called mega mining, opencast/ technique of extracting minerals from burrow

open-pit mining

Its a destructive type bc it involves blasting mountains via the use of explosives

mountaintop removal mining

Separating valuable metals from sediments in river channels

placer mining

Used in mining uranium, also involves pumping fluid

in-situ mining

In-situ mining is also known as?

solution mining

Chemical waste of mining is buried and pollutes groundwater

pollution

Loss of land bc of chemical contamination during mining process, destroys the productive layers of soil

destruction of land

Loss of wildlife habitat

impact on biological environment

Destruction of farmlands, buildings, roads

subsidence

type of fossil fuel that is nonrenewable source of energy/ solid rock form of fossil fuel that originated from dead plants and animal matter piled up in layers over millions

coal

Process of coal formation where the plants in a swamp on edge of a sedimentary basin/ underwent checmical decay due to tectonic activities

coalification

whats is crude oil also known as?

petroleum

Liquid type of fossil fuel composed of hydrocarbons

crude oil

Originates from the remains of plants, animals, n microorganisms/ its colorless n odorless hydrocarbons

natural gas

derived from suns radiation and converted to electrical energy thru use of solar panels

solar energy

Nuclear force, radioactive

nuclear energy

Derived from grassy n woody plants/ the energy is transformed into usable energy to produce heat, electricity

biomass

Produced from turbines in windmill aerogenerators/ used to generate electricity and pump groundwater

wind energy

Heat from cooling magma heats groundwater near earths surface./ renewable resource bc heat is continually produced/ harnessed by capturing the energy from heated water

geothermal energy

Uses the force of falling water to produce electricity by converting waters kinetic energy

hydroelectric power also knows as hydropower

Accesible freshwater that can be found naturally and artificially where water can accumulate , called reservoirs

surface water

Replenishes springs and streams and supports wetlands

groundwater

Water changes between solid, liquid n gaseous phases thru evaporation, condensation, precipitation

hydrologic cycle also knows as water cycle

Collection of rainwatee from rooflike surface, where is then redirected to tanks, cistern, deep pit well/can be used from watering gardens, livestock, irrigation

rainwater harvesting

Directly injecting the surface water supplies such as portable water, rainwater

aquifer storage and recovery

Using human-made conveyances suchs as infiltration basins

groundwater recharge

100

Process of eliminating contaminants from municipal wastewater/ undergoes physical, chemical, biological process to get rid of contaminants n produce treated wastewater

sewage water treatment

Vocab

Vocab

Esci 1

Esci 1

esci 3

esci 3

p.e

p.e

esci quiz

esci quiz

etech quiz

etech quiz

esci quiz FINALS

esci quiz FINALS

genmath

genmath

pre-cal finals

pre-cal finals

genchem

genchem

periodic table

periodic table

問題一覧

it is useful but should not be relied upon as a determining property bc of diff minerals may have same color/ some minerals herw also appear differently when they wet

color

Refers to ratio of a minerals mass to its volume

density

Also called crystal habit, refers to characteristic shape of an aggregate of crytals

external crystal form

Tendency to break along the planes of weak atomic bonding

cleavage

refers to rough irregular surfaces of a mineral/ a break in a mineral that is not along a cleavage plane, which is not determined by the structure of mineral

fracture

Sheen, glossiness, or reflectiveness of minerals surface/ simple way to classify based on whether the mineral is metallic or nonmetallic/

luster

Refers ro degree which light is able to pass thru mineral

transparency

3 types of transparency

transparent, opaque, translucent

Color of minerals powder/ determind by rubbing the mineral

streak

Resistance of mineral to break, bend, undergo deformation

tenacity

3 types of tenacity

brittleness malleability ductility

Flattens when hammered

malleability

Easily crumble when hammered

brittleness

Can be drawn into wires

ductility

Used to define the weight or density of a given liquid/ can be determined by dividing the minerals weight by weight of an equal volume of water

specific gravity

One of most useful diagnostic properties to determine type of mineral/ used to measurw resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching

hardness

Composed of an aggregate of one or more minerals

rocks

latin word of igneous rocks

ignis means fire

Makes up the maximum volume of earth crust/ formed when hot molten rock (magma or lava) undergoes solidification( cooling n crystallization

igneous rocks

Dark colored igneous rocks containing relatively high concentration of magnesium and iron n a low proportion of silica

mafic rocks

Light colored igneous rocks containing feldspar and high proportion of silica

felsic rocks

Igneous rocks between mafic n felsic

intermediate rocks

Very dark colored igneous rocks containing magnesium and iron and a very small portion of silica

ultramafic rocks

Hardened magma formed beneath earth

intrusive igneous rocks

intrusive igneous rocks are also known as?

plutonic igneous rocks

Hardened lava/ these rocks cool wuickly when exposed to air n water, as a result they lacked crystal growth

extrusive igneous rocks

sedimentary rocks

3 types of sedimentary rocks

clastic sedimentary rocks chemical rocks organic rocks

Such as sandstone undergo weathering and eroision and formed the acummulation of clasts(little pieces of broken rocks n shells)

clastic sedimentary rocks

Such as coal r formed from accunulation of material from living things or products of living things

organic rocks

Such as flint,halite, r formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution/ occurs when water travels thrpugh eart crust, weather the rocks, dissolve their minerals then evaporates

chemical rocks

2 types of metamorphic rocks

foliated and nonfoliated

These rocks are formed when igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to pressure, heat n volatiles.

metamorphic rocks

3 types of metamorphism

regional metamorphism contact metamorphism dynamic metamorphism

Forms in narrow zones adjacent to faults or thrusts that have been subjected to long term temp changes

dynamic metamorphism

Dynamic metamorphism also known as?

cataclasis

Contact metamorphism also known as?

thermal metamorphism

regional metamorphism

Change that occurs as a result of high geothermal gradient produced around an intrusive magma

contact metamorphism

where is rock cycle attributed to?

james hutton

Changes in the physical n chemical composition

rock cycle

sediments to sedimentary rock

compaction/cementation

Sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock

heat n pressure

Metamorphic rock to magma

melting

Igneous rocks to magma

melting

Magma to igenous rocks

cooling

Igenous rocks to metamorphic rock

heat n pressure

Igneous rocks to sediments

weathering/ erosion

Metamorphic rock to sediments

weathering/erosion

Sedimentary rock to sediments

weathering n erosion

Occurs when magma cools and freezes beneath or on the surface of earth and hardens into igneous rocks

crystallization

When rocks break up to smaller pieces due to weathering agents suchs as wind, water, n other biologic activities changes in temp

erosion and sedimentation

Occurs when a rock undergoes changes in its composition and texture upon exposure to extreme heat and pressure

metamorphism

Where geologists search for areas that contain mineral resources

exploration

Process where lands geology is evaluated

prospecting

Collecting core samples from are n examine type and grade of mineral compound

drilling

Used to create map to identify the location of ores

modeling

Where site is accessed if it can be operated

development n design

To identify if the scope of mining operation should involve only the extraction of ore

scoping

Checking if the materials extracted have potential buyers

feasibility studies

Necessary facilities n ewuipment includes the materials need for operation of mine

procurement

Building roads to access the mining site, processing facilities

construction

Process of closing the mine and returning the land to its original state

closure and reclamation

Actual extraction of minerals

production

what r the mining techniques

comminution dredging dewatering

Reduction process of ore particles from large sized to smaller sized particles

comminution

Underwater excavation of placer deposits thru use of floating equipment to remove silt and other materials underneath water bodies

dredging

Removal of superficial water( anybody of water above the ground) and groundwater from mining sites

dewatering

Often used to reach higher depth deposits

underground mines

Used for more shallow depth

surface mines

used for mining coal/ tunnels r driven in regular pattern with massive square pillars between them

room n pillar

Broken ore is temporarily retained in the slope

shrinkage stoping

removal of soil and rock materials above a layer or seam

strip mining

Called mega mining, opencast/ technique of extracting minerals from burrow

open-pit mining

Its a destructive type bc it involves blasting mountains via the use of explosives

mountaintop removal mining

Separating valuable metals from sediments in river channels

placer mining

Used in mining uranium, also involves pumping fluid

in-situ mining

In-situ mining is also known as?

solution mining

Chemical waste of mining is buried and pollutes groundwater

pollution

Loss of land bc of chemical contamination during mining process, destroys the productive layers of soil

destruction of land

Loss of wildlife habitat

impact on biological environment

Destruction of farmlands, buildings, roads

subsidence

type of fossil fuel that is nonrenewable source of energy/ solid rock form of fossil fuel that originated from dead plants and animal matter piled up in layers over millions

coal

Process of coal formation where the plants in a swamp on edge of a sedimentary basin/ underwent checmical decay due to tectonic activities

coalification

whats is crude oil also known as?

petroleum

Liquid type of fossil fuel composed of hydrocarbons

crude oil

Originates from the remains of plants, animals, n microorganisms/ its colorless n odorless hydrocarbons

natural gas

derived from suns radiation and converted to electrical energy thru use of solar panels

solar energy

Nuclear force, radioactive

nuclear energy

Derived from grassy n woody plants/ the energy is transformed into usable energy to produce heat, electricity

biomass

Produced from turbines in windmill aerogenerators/ used to generate electricity and pump groundwater

wind energy

Heat from cooling magma heats groundwater near earths surface./ renewable resource bc heat is continually produced/ harnessed by capturing the energy from heated water

geothermal energy

Uses the force of falling water to produce electricity by converting waters kinetic energy

hydroelectric power also knows as hydropower

Accesible freshwater that can be found naturally and artificially where water can accumulate , called reservoirs

surface water

Replenishes springs and streams and supports wetlands

groundwater

Water changes between solid, liquid n gaseous phases thru evaporation, condensation, precipitation

hydrologic cycle also knows as water cycle

Collection of rainwatee from rooflike surface, where is then redirected to tanks, cistern, deep pit well/can be used from watering gardens, livestock, irrigation

rainwater harvesting

Directly injecting the surface water supplies such as portable water, rainwater

aquifer storage and recovery

Using human-made conveyances suchs as infiltration basins

groundwater recharge

100

Process of eliminating contaminants from municipal wastewater/ undergoes physical, chemical, biological process to get rid of contaminants n produce treated wastewater

sewage water treatment