What are the 5 cycles

It is the most abundant

Where Nitrogen from air goes to soil and surface

5 types of nitrogen cycle

4 types of sulfur cycle

4 types of phosphorus

2 types of carbon dioxide cycle

3 types of water cycle

if u add nitrogen and oxygen it becoms nitrogen oxide

Is used as fertilizers, underwent high temp & pressure

Fixed in soil by microbes (bacteria & fungi)

Where ammonia -> nitrite-> nitrate

Formed by oxidation of NH3 with nitrosomonas bacteria

Plant roots absorb nitrogen to make proteins such as amino acids

Where plants n animals die, the nitrogen goes back to soil

When it goes back to the atmosphere

Released through volcanic activites

It is because of decaying, n redox reaction (sulfate-> h sulfide)

Its bc of the 2 baxteria (chlorobiaceae, chromatiaceae)

Bc of chemolithotropic bacteria

Bc of desulfovibrio desulfuricans

It is converted to diff forms, also found in DNA

Its where (phosphate salt->rocks->soil) -also the slowest process

Fertilizers plants absorb phosphorus in water

They consume, eat plants with phosphorus

Where plants or animals part decay or organism die

(Carbon dioxide to water to oxygen to glucose sugar)

Process where water moves through the hydrosphere

transfer of water from the surface of earth to atmosphere

Gaseous water vapor becomes liquid water

Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to cloud and precipitatea back to earth in the form of rain/sleet/hail/snow

Allows the exchange of heat or energy and no exhange of matter in and out of the system

4 subsystems

Greek word of atmosphere

Makes up all of the gases on our planet

provides the air that we breathe and protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

Produce weather n climate/ serves as a shield from meteors

without this earth surface will have huge craters just like our moon

what is atmosphere composed of

99 percent of water vapor is deposited in this region and all weather conditions that we experience occur here

All the ozone in the atmosphere is found in this layer

Where gases are dense enough to slow meteors. Most meteors burn up in this layer, leaving fiery trails commonly knows as "shooting stars"

Harmful ultraviolet from sun is absorbed in this layer

Knows as northern and southern lights, a natural phenomenon that occurs in the thermosphere

upper limit of atmosphere/ its the man-made satellites that orbit earth, atoms n molecules eventually eacape into space

constant exchange of heat and moisture occurs betweem the atmosphere and hydrosphere

Greek word of hydrosphere

Composed of all the water on surface of planet, underground and in atmo in the form of water vapor, liquid water, ice.

Frozen part of earths hydropshere, made up of ice, such as glaciers ice caps n icebergs

water moves through hydrosphere/ this cycle involves process evaporation, condensation, precipitation.

Large concentration of atoms, molecule reaction

Important basins for carbon dioxide thru direct exchange within the atmo and indirectly thru weathering process of rock formation

greek word of geosphere

refers ro solid part of earth that includes soil, rocks, minerals present.

Components of geosphere

thinnest layer of geozphere

Exist in ocean basins

brittle due to earthquakes that occur in this path

2 divided parts of crusr

Stretches from upper surface of earths rigid outerlayer/ subdivided into tectonic plates with boundaries, plates collide, diverge,grind past

Thickest part of geosphere

Made of viscous, ductile, semisolid materials, which powers the movement of tectonic plates

In a solid phase/ also responsible for all earth volcanic and seismic activities

Liquid phase mainly of nickel and iron in a molten state

Solid phase composed mostlt of iron and densest part of geosphere

greek word of biosphere

Entirely of life forms and an equally integral part of earths subsystems/ composed of all living things, including microbes, plants, animals

types of biosphere

includes biotic factors such as animals, plants, microbes, as wells as abiotic factors such as gases and minerals [Based on interaction and transfer of energy between organisms n their environment]

contains the regions of biosphere, including aquatic areas, desert, forest [ Categorized based on vegetation present]

Composed of multiple populations of species that inhabit a certain area or environment

Includes all members of single species living in particular habitant/ used to determine health of ecosystem

Any individual interdependent system that exhibits properties of life such as capacity to react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, maintain homeostasis.

Plants, capable of producing their own food to get energy

Animals, consume other organism to get energy

Also called zone of life

warming of earths atmo occurs when solar radiation enters earth and reflected back to atmo as infrared radiation

build up of heat-trapping gases known as? /trap infrared radiation preventing their release back to space

Believed that rocks are formed from materials that sank to ocean floor or precipitated from chemical reaction

believed that heat from earths interior melted rocks or caused them to fuse together

Used to measure mineral's density and specific gravity

Enables scientists to examine mineral and rock formation, age, chemical comp, physical comp

6 major rock forming minerals

Hard, glasslike substance with white streaks

Identified by its cleavage/ its luster gives rocks such as granite and slate their flashes of light

Usually white colored but also appear as light shades of red n green

dark colored minerals with glasslike luster

Not common, easily altered by weathering/ granular shaped crystal

2 types of minerals (chemical composition)

Have silicon n oxygen (as their base units) /make up of 90percent earths crust/ cool very fast n combine withmost abundant element in earths crust- silicon

Formed when there is cooling of magma, some are formed when water in them evaporates, or due to mineral decomposition

6 elements of nonsilicate minerals

Minerals that are composed of only 1 element in pure state

This inorganic compounds is economically important to make batteries, medicines, electronic parts

used to make abrasive and aircraft parts/ mostly metallic elements which one or more elements r combines w oxygen

combination of single carbonate ion reacts with metal ion of complementing polarity./ used to make cement, building stones, fireworks.

Used in cosmetics, toothpaste, paint

Include biogenic substances, genesis or origin of which can be attributed to geological process

naturally occuring inorganic substances that have a definite chemical and crystalline composition( specifically arranged atomic structure)