Esci 1

100問 • 1年前

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問題一覧

What are the 5 cycles

Carbon dioxide cycle Phosphorus cycle Sulfur cycle Water cycle Nitrogen cycle

It is the most abundant

nitrogen cycle

Where Nitrogen from air goes to soil and surface

fixation

5 types of nitrogen cycle

fixation nitrification ammonification assimilation denitrification

4 types of sulfur cycle

D- decomposition of organic compounds O- oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur O- oxidation of sulfur to sulfate R- reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide

4 types of phosphorus

weathering and erosion plant absorbtion animal absorption returned to ecosystem

2 types of carbon dioxide cycle

photosynthesis respiration

3 types of water cycle

evaporation condensation precipitation

if u add nitrogen and oxygen it becoms nitrogen oxide

Atmospheric

Is used as fertilizers, underwent high temp & pressure

industrial

Fixed in soil by microbes (bacteria & fungi)

biological

Where ammonia -> nitrite-> nitrate

nitrification

Formed by oxidation of NH3 with nitrosomonas bacteria

nitrites

Plant roots absorb nitrogen to make proteins such as amino acids

assimilation

Where plants n animals die, the nitrogen goes back to soil

ammonification

When it goes back to the atmosphere

denitrification

Released through volcanic activites

sulfur cycle

It is because of decaying, n redox reaction (sulfate-> h sulfide)

decomposition of organic compounds

Its bc of the 2 baxteria (chlorobiaceae, chromatiaceae)

oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur

Bc of chemolithotropic bacteria

oxidation of sulfur to sulfate

Bc of desulfovibrio desulfuricans

reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide

It is converted to diff forms, also found in DNA

phosphorus cycle

Its where (phosphate salt->rocks->soil) -also the slowest process

weathering and erosion

Fertilizers plants absorb phosphorus in water

plant absorption

They consume, eat plants with phosphorus

animal absorption

Where plants or animals part decay or organism die

returned to ecosystem

(Carbon dioxide to water to oxygen to glucose sugar)

photosynthesis

Process where water moves through the hydrosphere

water cycle

transfer of water from the surface of earth to atmosphere

evaporation

Gaseous water vapor becomes liquid water

condensation

Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to cloud and precipitatea back to earth in the form of rain/sleet/hail/snow

precipitation

Allows the exchange of heat or energy and no exhange of matter in and out of the system

closed system

4 subsystems

biosphere hydrosphere atmosphere geosphere

Greek word of atmosphere

"atmo" means vapor or steam

Makes up all of the gases on our planet

atmosphere

provides the air that we breathe and protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

atmosphere

Produce weather n climate/ serves as a shield from meteors

atmosphere

without this earth surface will have huge craters just like our moon

atmosphere

what is atmosphere composed of

78nitrogen, 21 oxygen, 0.04 carbon dioxide, 0.09 argon

99 percent of water vapor is deposited in this region and all weather conditions that we experience occur here

troposphere

All the ozone in the atmosphere is found in this layer

stratosphere

Where gases are dense enough to slow meteors. Most meteors burn up in this layer, leaving fiery trails commonly knows as "shooting stars"

mesosphere

Harmful ultraviolet from sun is absorbed in this layer

thermosphere

Knows as northern and southern lights, a natural phenomenon that occurs in the thermosphere

aurora

upper limit of atmosphere/ its the man-made satellites that orbit earth, atoms n molecules eventually eacape into space

exosphere

constant exchange of heat and moisture occurs betweem the atmosphere and hydrosphere

hydrologic cycle

Greek word of hydrosphere

hydro means water

Composed of all the water on surface of planet, underground and in atmo in the form of water vapor, liquid water, ice.

hydrosphere

Frozen part of earths hydropshere, made up of ice, such as glaciers ice caps n icebergs

cryosphere

water moves through hydrosphere/ this cycle involves process evaporation, condensation, precipitation.

hydrologic cycle/water cycle

Large concentration of atoms, molecule reaction

ionosphere

Important basins for carbon dioxide thru direct exchange within the atmo and indirectly thru weathering process of rock formation

oceans

greek word of geosphere

geo means ground

refers ro solid part of earth that includes soil, rocks, minerals present.

geosphere

Components of geosphere

crust mantle outer core inner core

thinnest layer of geozphere

crust

Exist in ocean basins

oceanic crust

brittle due to earthquakes that occur in this path

continental crust

2 divided parts of crusr

continental crust oceanic crust

Stretches from upper surface of earths rigid outerlayer/ subdivided into tectonic plates with boundaries, plates collide, diverge,grind past

lithosphere

Thickest part of geosphere

mantle

Made of viscous, ductile, semisolid materials, which powers the movement of tectonic plates

asthenosphere(upper mantle)

In a solid phase/ also responsible for all earth volcanic and seismic activities

lower mantle

Liquid phase mainly of nickel and iron in a molten state

outercore

Solid phase composed mostlt of iron and densest part of geosphere

innercore

greek word of biosphere

bio means life

Entirely of life forms and an equally integral part of earths subsystems/ composed of all living things, including microbes, plants, animals

biosphere

types of biosphere

biome ecosystem community population organism

includes biotic factors such as animals, plants, microbes, as wells as abiotic factors such as gases and minerals [Based on interaction and transfer of energy between organisms n their environment]

ecosystem

contains the regions of biosphere, including aquatic areas, desert, forest [ Categorized based on vegetation present]

biome

Composed of multiple populations of species that inhabit a certain area or environment

community

Includes all members of single species living in particular habitant/ used to determine health of ecosystem

population

Any individual interdependent system that exhibits properties of life such as capacity to react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, maintain homeostasis.

organism

Plants, capable of producing their own food to get energy

autotrophs

Animals, consume other organism to get energy

heterotrophs

Also called zone of life

biosphere

warming of earths atmo occurs when solar radiation enters earth and reflected back to atmo as infrared radiation

greenhouse effect

build up of heat-trapping gases known as? /trap infrared radiation preventing their release back to space

greenhouse gases

Believed that rocks are formed from materials that sank to ocean floor or precipitated from chemical reaction

neptunism

believed that heat from earths interior melted rocks or caused them to fuse together

plutonism

Used to measure mineral's density and specific gravity

pycnometer

Enables scientists to examine mineral and rock formation, age, chemical comp, physical comp

radioactive dating geologic modeling

6 major rock forming minerals

amphibole mica feldspar olivine pyroxene quartz

Hard, glasslike substance with white streaks

quartz

Identified by its cleavage/ its luster gives rocks such as granite and slate their flashes of light

mica

Usually white colored but also appear as light shades of red n green

feldspar

dark colored minerals with glasslike luster

pyroxene and amphibole

Not common, easily altered by weathering/ granular shaped crystal

olivine

2 types of minerals (chemical composition)

silicate minerals nonsilicate minerals

Have silicon n oxygen (as their base units) /make up of 90percent earths crust/ cool very fast n combine withmost abundant element in earths crust- silicon

silicate minerals

Formed when there is cooling of magma, some are formed when water in them evaporates, or due to mineral decomposition

nonsilicate minerals

6 elements of nonsilicate minerals

native elements oxides sulfides carbonates organic minerals sulfates

Minerals that are composed of only 1 element in pure state

native elements

This inorganic compounds is economically important to make batteries, medicines, electronic parts

sulfides

used to make abrasive and aircraft parts/ mostly metallic elements which one or more elements r combines w oxygen

oxides

combination of single carbonate ion reacts with metal ion of complementing polarity./ used to make cement, building stones, fireworks.

carbonates

Used in cosmetics, toothpaste, paint

sulfates

Include biogenic substances, genesis or origin of which can be attributed to geological process

organic minerals

naturally occuring inorganic substances that have a definite chemical and crystalline composition( specifically arranged atomic structure)

minerals

100

Ability of a mineral to dissolve in a solvent at a specific temp

solubility

Vocab

Vocab

esci 2

esci 2

esci 3

esci 3

p.e

p.e

esci quiz

esci quiz

etech quiz

etech quiz

esci quiz FINALS

esci quiz FINALS

genmath

genmath

pre-cal finals

pre-cal finals

genchem

genchem

periodic table

periodic table

問題一覧

What are the 5 cycles

Carbon dioxide cycle Phosphorus cycle Sulfur cycle Water cycle Nitrogen cycle

It is the most abundant

nitrogen cycle

Where Nitrogen from air goes to soil and surface

fixation

5 types of nitrogen cycle

fixation nitrification ammonification assimilation denitrification

4 types of sulfur cycle

D- decomposition of organic compounds O- oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur O- oxidation of sulfur to sulfate R- reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide

4 types of phosphorus

weathering and erosion plant absorbtion animal absorption returned to ecosystem

2 types of carbon dioxide cycle

photosynthesis respiration

3 types of water cycle

evaporation condensation precipitation

if u add nitrogen and oxygen it becoms nitrogen oxide

Atmospheric

Is used as fertilizers, underwent high temp & pressure

industrial

Fixed in soil by microbes (bacteria & fungi)

biological

Where ammonia -> nitrite-> nitrate

nitrification

Formed by oxidation of NH3 with nitrosomonas bacteria

nitrites

Plant roots absorb nitrogen to make proteins such as amino acids

assimilation

Where plants n animals die, the nitrogen goes back to soil

ammonification

When it goes back to the atmosphere

denitrification

Released through volcanic activites

sulfur cycle

It is because of decaying, n redox reaction (sulfate-> h sulfide)

decomposition of organic compounds

Its bc of the 2 baxteria (chlorobiaceae, chromatiaceae)

oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur

Bc of chemolithotropic bacteria

oxidation of sulfur to sulfate

Bc of desulfovibrio desulfuricans

reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide

It is converted to diff forms, also found in DNA

phosphorus cycle

Its where (phosphate salt->rocks->soil) -also the slowest process

weathering and erosion

Fertilizers plants absorb phosphorus in water

plant absorption

They consume, eat plants with phosphorus

animal absorption

Where plants or animals part decay or organism die

returned to ecosystem

(Carbon dioxide to water to oxygen to glucose sugar)

photosynthesis

Process where water moves through the hydrosphere

water cycle

transfer of water from the surface of earth to atmosphere

evaporation

Gaseous water vapor becomes liquid water

condensation

Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to cloud and precipitatea back to earth in the form of rain/sleet/hail/snow

precipitation

Allows the exchange of heat or energy and no exhange of matter in and out of the system

closed system

4 subsystems

biosphere hydrosphere atmosphere geosphere

Greek word of atmosphere

"atmo" means vapor or steam

Makes up all of the gases on our planet

atmosphere

provides the air that we breathe and protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun

atmosphere

Produce weather n climate/ serves as a shield from meteors

atmosphere

without this earth surface will have huge craters just like our moon

atmosphere

what is atmosphere composed of

78nitrogen, 21 oxygen, 0.04 carbon dioxide, 0.09 argon

99 percent of water vapor is deposited in this region and all weather conditions that we experience occur here

troposphere

All the ozone in the atmosphere is found in this layer

stratosphere

Where gases are dense enough to slow meteors. Most meteors burn up in this layer, leaving fiery trails commonly knows as "shooting stars"

mesosphere

Harmful ultraviolet from sun is absorbed in this layer

thermosphere

Knows as northern and southern lights, a natural phenomenon that occurs in the thermosphere

aurora

upper limit of atmosphere/ its the man-made satellites that orbit earth, atoms n molecules eventually eacape into space

exosphere

constant exchange of heat and moisture occurs betweem the atmosphere and hydrosphere

hydrologic cycle

Greek word of hydrosphere

hydro means water

Composed of all the water on surface of planet, underground and in atmo in the form of water vapor, liquid water, ice.

hydrosphere

Frozen part of earths hydropshere, made up of ice, such as glaciers ice caps n icebergs

cryosphere

water moves through hydrosphere/ this cycle involves process evaporation, condensation, precipitation.

hydrologic cycle/water cycle

Large concentration of atoms, molecule reaction

ionosphere

Important basins for carbon dioxide thru direct exchange within the atmo and indirectly thru weathering process of rock formation

oceans

greek word of geosphere

geo means ground

refers ro solid part of earth that includes soil, rocks, minerals present.

geosphere

Components of geosphere

crust mantle outer core inner core

thinnest layer of geozphere

crust

Exist in ocean basins

oceanic crust

brittle due to earthquakes that occur in this path

continental crust

2 divided parts of crusr

continental crust oceanic crust

Stretches from upper surface of earths rigid outerlayer/ subdivided into tectonic plates with boundaries, plates collide, diverge,grind past

lithosphere

Thickest part of geosphere

mantle

Made of viscous, ductile, semisolid materials, which powers the movement of tectonic plates

asthenosphere(upper mantle)

In a solid phase/ also responsible for all earth volcanic and seismic activities

lower mantle

Liquid phase mainly of nickel and iron in a molten state

outercore

Solid phase composed mostlt of iron and densest part of geosphere

innercore

greek word of biosphere

bio means life

Entirely of life forms and an equally integral part of earths subsystems/ composed of all living things, including microbes, plants, animals

biosphere

types of biosphere

biome ecosystem community population organism

includes biotic factors such as animals, plants, microbes, as wells as abiotic factors such as gases and minerals [Based on interaction and transfer of energy between organisms n their environment]

ecosystem

contains the regions of biosphere, including aquatic areas, desert, forest [ Categorized based on vegetation present]

biome

Composed of multiple populations of species that inhabit a certain area or environment

community

Includes all members of single species living in particular habitant/ used to determine health of ecosystem

population

Any individual interdependent system that exhibits properties of life such as capacity to react to stimuli, reproduce, grow, adapt, maintain homeostasis.

organism

Plants, capable of producing their own food to get energy

autotrophs

Animals, consume other organism to get energy

heterotrophs

Also called zone of life

biosphere

warming of earths atmo occurs when solar radiation enters earth and reflected back to atmo as infrared radiation

greenhouse effect

build up of heat-trapping gases known as? /trap infrared radiation preventing their release back to space

greenhouse gases

Believed that rocks are formed from materials that sank to ocean floor or precipitated from chemical reaction

neptunism

believed that heat from earths interior melted rocks or caused them to fuse together

plutonism

Used to measure mineral's density and specific gravity

pycnometer

Enables scientists to examine mineral and rock formation, age, chemical comp, physical comp

radioactive dating geologic modeling

6 major rock forming minerals

amphibole mica feldspar olivine pyroxene quartz

Hard, glasslike substance with white streaks

quartz

Identified by its cleavage/ its luster gives rocks such as granite and slate their flashes of light

mica

Usually white colored but also appear as light shades of red n green

feldspar

dark colored minerals with glasslike luster

pyroxene and amphibole

Not common, easily altered by weathering/ granular shaped crystal

olivine

2 types of minerals (chemical composition)

silicate minerals nonsilicate minerals

Have silicon n oxygen (as their base units) /make up of 90percent earths crust/ cool very fast n combine withmost abundant element in earths crust- silicon

silicate minerals

Formed when there is cooling of magma, some are formed when water in them evaporates, or due to mineral decomposition

nonsilicate minerals

6 elements of nonsilicate minerals

native elements oxides sulfides carbonates organic minerals sulfates

Minerals that are composed of only 1 element in pure state

native elements

This inorganic compounds is economically important to make batteries, medicines, electronic parts

sulfides

used to make abrasive and aircraft parts/ mostly metallic elements which one or more elements r combines w oxygen

oxides

combination of single carbonate ion reacts with metal ion of complementing polarity./ used to make cement, building stones, fireworks.

carbonates

Used in cosmetics, toothpaste, paint

sulfates

Include biogenic substances, genesis or origin of which can be attributed to geological process

organic minerals

naturally occuring inorganic substances that have a definite chemical and crystalline composition( specifically arranged atomic structure)

minerals

100

Ability of a mineral to dissolve in a solvent at a specific temp

solubility