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Spore-forming Gram-positive Bacilli Part 1
100問 • 4ヶ月前
  • HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Large, aerobic, gram-positive rods occuring in chains

    bacillus

  • 2

    Spores are centrally located

    bacillus

  • 3

    Saprophytic organisms

    bacillus

  • 4

    Ubiquitous in soil

    bacillus

  • 5

    Affects primarily grazing (grass-feeding) mammals such as cattle, horse, and sheep.

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 6

    The endospores are ingested along with grasses, causing a fatal sepsis.

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 7

    Medusa-head (curled hair) colonies

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 8

    Has an unusual Poly-D-glutamic because its capsule is not a polysaccharide but rather composed of amino acid residues, which for some reason do not stimulate a protective response by the immune system.

    B. anthracis

  • 9

    The capsule of B. anthracis is composed of _____ residues

    amino acid

  • 10

    The capsule of B. anthracis can be detected by

    McFadyean reaction

  • 11

    Form when protective antigen combines with edema factor forming edema toxin, then protective antigen combines with lethal factor forming lethal toxin.

    B. anthracis

  • 12

    Enters human through injured skin, mucous membranes, and by inhalation of spores into the lungs.

    B. anthracis

  • 13

    Results from contact with material containing anthrax endospores.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 14

    Inhalation anthrax is also known as _____ disease

    Woolsorter's

  • 15

    Over 90% of anthrax cases are ____

    cutaneous

  • 16

    The endospores enters at some minor skin lesion.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 17

    A pruritic papule (small solid elevation on the skin) with a characteristic central black eschar (scab) appears.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 18

    Rare form of anthrax

    gastrointestinal

  • 19

    Caused by ingestion of undercooked food containing anthrax endospores.

    gastrointestinal anthrax

  • 20

    Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea.

    gastrointestinal anthrax

  • 21

    Most common form of anthrax

    cutaneous

  • 22

    Most dangerous form of anthrax.

    inhalation

  • 23

    Endospores are inhaled into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.

    inhalation anthrax

  • 24

    Causes hemorrhagic necrosis, edema of mediastinum, substernal pain, pronounced mediastinal widening, hemorrhagic pleural effusions, and sepsis.

    inhalation anthrax

  • 25

    What to take to prevent anthrax before exposure to B. anthracis?

    AVA BioThrax vaccine

  • 26

    What to take to treat anthrax disease?

    Ciproflaxin / Penilicllin G with Gentamicin or streptomycin

  • 27

    What to take to prevent anthrax after possible exposure (but before symptoms) to B. anthracis?

    Ciproflaxin / Doxycycline

  • 28

    How many doses of AVA BioThrax should be given I.M. at the primary series to prevent anthrax?

    5 doses

  • 29

    What is the dose of the annual booster for the anthrax vaccine?

    0.5 mL I.M.

  • 30

    Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax with vaccine requires ____ of antibiotics.

    4 weeks

  • 31

    Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax without vaccine requires ___ of antibiotics.

    8 weeks

  • 32

    Part of the normal flora of the human intestine.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 33

    Usually found in grains like rice.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 34

    Characterized by "swarming motility" in semisolid culture media.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 35

    Produces an enterotoxin that causes food poisoning.

    B. cereus

  • 36

    Heating food always kill the spores and prevents it to germinate as the food cools.

    false

  • 37

    Once competing microbes have been eliminated in the cooked food, ___ grows rapidly and produces toxins.

    B. cereus

  • 38

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which is acquired from rice and pasta.

    Emetic type

  • 39

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which causes nausea and vomiting, abdominal creams, and diarrhea.

    Emetic type

  • 40

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus acquired from meat and saucy dishes.

    Diarrheal type

  • 41

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which causes profuse diarrhea with abdominal pain and cramps.

    Diarrheal type

  • 42

    Causes eye infections such as keratitis, endolphthalmitis, and panophthalmitis.

    B. cereus

  • 43

    Causes endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia.

    B. cereus

  • 44

    No treatment is necessary for diseases caused by ___

    B. cereus

  • 45

    The infection caused by ___ is self-limiting.

    B. cereus

  • 46

    Treatment for severe cases caused by B. cereus.

    Oral rehydrating salt (ORS)

  • 47

    Give oral rehydrating salt (ORS) to prevent massive dehydration for ___ caused by B. cereus.

    severe cases

  • 48

    Use Vancomycin or Clindamycin with or without an aminoglycoside for ____ caused by B. cereus.

    penicillin resistant strains

  • 49

    Treatment for penicillin resistant strains caused by B. cereus.

    Vancomycin or Clindamycin

  • 50

    Large, anaerobic, gram-positive, motile rods

    Clostridium

  • 51

    Saprophytic organisms usually seen in the soils and in intestinal tract of humans and animals.

    Clostridium

  • 52

    Spores are terminally located.

    Clostridium

  • 53

    Usually found in soil and occasionally in animal feces.

    C. botulinum

  • 54

    Common in spiced, smoked, vacuum-packed, or home-canned goods.

    C. botulinum

  • 55

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, resulting in lack of muscle contraction and paralysis.

    C. botulinum

  • 56

    Causes flaccid paralysis

    C. botulinum

  • 57

    A toxic substance known to have a human lethal dose of 12 ug/kg.

    botulinum toxin

  • 58

    Destroyed by heating for 20 minutes at 100C

    C. botulinum

  • 59

    Causes botulism

    C. botulinum

  • 60

    Tissue contaminations with pors and is seen primarily in injection drug users.

    wound botulism

  • 61

    Caused by spiced, vacuum-packed, or canned alkaline foods that are eaten without cooking.

    food botulism

  • 62

    Honey is the most frequent vehicle of this infection.

    infant botulism

  • 63

    Caused by ingestion of the spores of C. botulinum which germinates within the intestinal tract

    infant botulism

  • 64

    Causes the vegetative cells to produce toxin as they multiply and gets absorbed into the bloodstream.

    infant botulism

  • 65

    Can lead to a condition known as "Floppy Infant Syndrome"

    infant botulism

  • 66

    Infant botulism can lead to a condition known as __ __ __

    Floppy Infant Syndrome

  • 67

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. botulinum.

    Trivalent Botulinum Toxin Type ABE given IV

  • 68

    For botulism, foods should be heated for more than ____ prior to consumption.

    20 minutes

  • 69

    Tennis racket-shaped organism

    C. tetani

  • 70

    Usually found in the soil, spores are coming from animal and human feces.

    C. tetani

  • 71

    Produces tetanospasmin

    C. tetani

  • 72

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine and inhibitory mediators like glycine and GABA, leading to serzures or convulsions.

    tetanospasmin

  • 73

    Causes tetany or tetanus.

    C. tetani

  • 74

    Causes trismus, risus sardonicus, opsthotonos, and spastic paralysis.

    C. tetani

  • 75

    Trismus

    lockjaw

  • 76

    Risus Sardonicus

    forced grin

  • 77

    Opisthotonos

    back fully arched

  • 78

    Used to prevent diseases caused by C. tetani

    Tatunus toxoid 9diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus [DPT] vaccine) and Antitoxin

  • 79

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. tetani

    Muscle relaxant, sedation, and assisted ventilation

  • 80

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. tetani

    surgical debridement

  • 81

    Antibiotics to treat diseases caused by C. tetani

    Penicillin

  • 82

    Invasive clostridia

    C. perfringens

  • 83

    Normal flora of woman's genital and intestinal tract

    C. perfringens

  • 84

    Enters the susceptible host via contamination of traumatized area or from intestinal tract

    C. perfringens

  • 85

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which is also known as lecithinase.

    Alpha toxin

  • 86

    Toxin of C. perfringens that has a hemolytic and necrotizing effect.

    Theta toxin

  • 87

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens whichfunctions as collagenase.

    DNAse

  • 88

    Toxin of C. perfringens responsible for the spread of bacteria in connective tissues.

    Hyaluronidase

  • 89

    Toxin of C. perfringens which causes intense diarrhea.

    Enterotoxin

  • 90

    Causes gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis and diarrhea

    C. perfringens

  • 91

    Condition if a wound causes the blood supply to be interrupted, becoming anaerobic.

    ischemia

  • 92

    Ischemia leads to ___ or tissue death.

    necrosis

  • 93

    The death of the soft tissue resulting from the loss of blood supply is called ___

    gangrene

  • 94

    As the C. perfringens grow, they ferment carbohydrates in the tissue and produce gases like ____ that swell the tissue.

    carbon dioxide and hydrogen

  • 95

    Contaminates protein-rich food such as beef, poultry, and fish.

    clotridial poisoning

  • 96

    Clostridial food poisoning, which contaminates protein-rich foods a such as beef, poultry, and fish, is caused by ___

    C. perfringens

  • 97

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. perfringens

    amputation

  • 98

    Penicillin, polyvalent antitoxin, symptomatic care of diarrhea, amputation, and hyperbaric oxygen are used to treat diseases caused by ___

    C. perfringens

  • 99

    Treatment for C. perfingens infections that saturates the infected tissues with oxygen, and prevents the growth of the obligately anaerobic clostridia.

    hyperbaric oxygen

  • 100

    Found in the stool of many healthy adults

    C. difficile

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Large, aerobic, gram-positive rods occuring in chains

    bacillus

  • 2

    Spores are centrally located

    bacillus

  • 3

    Saprophytic organisms

    bacillus

  • 4

    Ubiquitous in soil

    bacillus

  • 5

    Affects primarily grazing (grass-feeding) mammals such as cattle, horse, and sheep.

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 6

    The endospores are ingested along with grasses, causing a fatal sepsis.

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 7

    Medusa-head (curled hair) colonies

    Bacillus anthracis

  • 8

    Has an unusual Poly-D-glutamic because its capsule is not a polysaccharide but rather composed of amino acid residues, which for some reason do not stimulate a protective response by the immune system.

    B. anthracis

  • 9

    The capsule of B. anthracis is composed of _____ residues

    amino acid

  • 10

    The capsule of B. anthracis can be detected by

    McFadyean reaction

  • 11

    Form when protective antigen combines with edema factor forming edema toxin, then protective antigen combines with lethal factor forming lethal toxin.

    B. anthracis

  • 12

    Enters human through injured skin, mucous membranes, and by inhalation of spores into the lungs.

    B. anthracis

  • 13

    Results from contact with material containing anthrax endospores.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 14

    Inhalation anthrax is also known as _____ disease

    Woolsorter's

  • 15

    Over 90% of anthrax cases are ____

    cutaneous

  • 16

    The endospores enters at some minor skin lesion.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 17

    A pruritic papule (small solid elevation on the skin) with a characteristic central black eschar (scab) appears.

    cutaneous anthrax

  • 18

    Rare form of anthrax

    gastrointestinal

  • 19

    Caused by ingestion of undercooked food containing anthrax endospores.

    gastrointestinal anthrax

  • 20

    Symptoms are abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea.

    gastrointestinal anthrax

  • 21

    Most common form of anthrax

    cutaneous

  • 22

    Most dangerous form of anthrax.

    inhalation

  • 23

    Endospores are inhaled into the lungs and enter the bloodstream.

    inhalation anthrax

  • 24

    Causes hemorrhagic necrosis, edema of mediastinum, substernal pain, pronounced mediastinal widening, hemorrhagic pleural effusions, and sepsis.

    inhalation anthrax

  • 25

    What to take to prevent anthrax before exposure to B. anthracis?

    AVA BioThrax vaccine

  • 26

    What to take to treat anthrax disease?

    Ciproflaxin / Penilicllin G with Gentamicin or streptomycin

  • 27

    What to take to prevent anthrax after possible exposure (but before symptoms) to B. anthracis?

    Ciproflaxin / Doxycycline

  • 28

    How many doses of AVA BioThrax should be given I.M. at the primary series to prevent anthrax?

    5 doses

  • 29

    What is the dose of the annual booster for the anthrax vaccine?

    0.5 mL I.M.

  • 30

    Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax with vaccine requires ____ of antibiotics.

    4 weeks

  • 31

    Post-exposure prophylaxis for anthrax without vaccine requires ___ of antibiotics.

    8 weeks

  • 32

    Part of the normal flora of the human intestine.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 33

    Usually found in grains like rice.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 34

    Characterized by "swarming motility" in semisolid culture media.

    Bacillus cereus

  • 35

    Produces an enterotoxin that causes food poisoning.

    B. cereus

  • 36

    Heating food always kill the spores and prevents it to germinate as the food cools.

    false

  • 37

    Once competing microbes have been eliminated in the cooked food, ___ grows rapidly and produces toxins.

    B. cereus

  • 38

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which is acquired from rice and pasta.

    Emetic type

  • 39

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which causes nausea and vomiting, abdominal creams, and diarrhea.

    Emetic type

  • 40

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus acquired from meat and saucy dishes.

    Diarrheal type

  • 41

    Type of disease caused by B. cereus which causes profuse diarrhea with abdominal pain and cramps.

    Diarrheal type

  • 42

    Causes eye infections such as keratitis, endolphthalmitis, and panophthalmitis.

    B. cereus

  • 43

    Causes endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia.

    B. cereus

  • 44

    No treatment is necessary for diseases caused by ___

    B. cereus

  • 45

    The infection caused by ___ is self-limiting.

    B. cereus

  • 46

    Treatment for severe cases caused by B. cereus.

    Oral rehydrating salt (ORS)

  • 47

    Give oral rehydrating salt (ORS) to prevent massive dehydration for ___ caused by B. cereus.

    severe cases

  • 48

    Use Vancomycin or Clindamycin with or without an aminoglycoside for ____ caused by B. cereus.

    penicillin resistant strains

  • 49

    Treatment for penicillin resistant strains caused by B. cereus.

    Vancomycin or Clindamycin

  • 50

    Large, anaerobic, gram-positive, motile rods

    Clostridium

  • 51

    Saprophytic organisms usually seen in the soils and in intestinal tract of humans and animals.

    Clostridium

  • 52

    Spores are terminally located.

    Clostridium

  • 53

    Usually found in soil and occasionally in animal feces.

    C. botulinum

  • 54

    Common in spiced, smoked, vacuum-packed, or home-canned goods.

    C. botulinum

  • 55

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine at the synapses and neuromuscular junctions, resulting in lack of muscle contraction and paralysis.

    C. botulinum

  • 56

    Causes flaccid paralysis

    C. botulinum

  • 57

    A toxic substance known to have a human lethal dose of 12 ug/kg.

    botulinum toxin

  • 58

    Destroyed by heating for 20 minutes at 100C

    C. botulinum

  • 59

    Causes botulism

    C. botulinum

  • 60

    Tissue contaminations with pors and is seen primarily in injection drug users.

    wound botulism

  • 61

    Caused by spiced, vacuum-packed, or canned alkaline foods that are eaten without cooking.

    food botulism

  • 62

    Honey is the most frequent vehicle of this infection.

    infant botulism

  • 63

    Caused by ingestion of the spores of C. botulinum which germinates within the intestinal tract

    infant botulism

  • 64

    Causes the vegetative cells to produce toxin as they multiply and gets absorbed into the bloodstream.

    infant botulism

  • 65

    Can lead to a condition known as "Floppy Infant Syndrome"

    infant botulism

  • 66

    Infant botulism can lead to a condition known as __ __ __

    Floppy Infant Syndrome

  • 67

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. botulinum.

    Trivalent Botulinum Toxin Type ABE given IV

  • 68

    For botulism, foods should be heated for more than ____ prior to consumption.

    20 minutes

  • 69

    Tennis racket-shaped organism

    C. tetani

  • 70

    Usually found in the soil, spores are coming from animal and human feces.

    C. tetani

  • 71

    Produces tetanospasmin

    C. tetani

  • 72

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine and inhibitory mediators like glycine and GABA, leading to serzures or convulsions.

    tetanospasmin

  • 73

    Causes tetany or tetanus.

    C. tetani

  • 74

    Causes trismus, risus sardonicus, opsthotonos, and spastic paralysis.

    C. tetani

  • 75

    Trismus

    lockjaw

  • 76

    Risus Sardonicus

    forced grin

  • 77

    Opisthotonos

    back fully arched

  • 78

    Used to prevent diseases caused by C. tetani

    Tatunus toxoid 9diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus [DPT] vaccine) and Antitoxin

  • 79

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. tetani

    Muscle relaxant, sedation, and assisted ventilation

  • 80

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. tetani

    surgical debridement

  • 81

    Antibiotics to treat diseases caused by C. tetani

    Penicillin

  • 82

    Invasive clostridia

    C. perfringens

  • 83

    Normal flora of woman's genital and intestinal tract

    C. perfringens

  • 84

    Enters the susceptible host via contamination of traumatized area or from intestinal tract

    C. perfringens

  • 85

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which is also known as lecithinase.

    Alpha toxin

  • 86

    Toxin of C. perfringens that has a hemolytic and necrotizing effect.

    Theta toxin

  • 87

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens whichfunctions as collagenase.

    DNAse

  • 88

    Toxin of C. perfringens responsible for the spread of bacteria in connective tissues.

    Hyaluronidase

  • 89

    Toxin of C. perfringens which causes intense diarrhea.

    Enterotoxin

  • 90

    Causes gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis and diarrhea

    C. perfringens

  • 91

    Condition if a wound causes the blood supply to be interrupted, becoming anaerobic.

    ischemia

  • 92

    Ischemia leads to ___ or tissue death.

    necrosis

  • 93

    The death of the soft tissue resulting from the loss of blood supply is called ___

    gangrene

  • 94

    As the C. perfringens grow, they ferment carbohydrates in the tissue and produce gases like ____ that swell the tissue.

    carbon dioxide and hydrogen

  • 95

    Contaminates protein-rich food such as beef, poultry, and fish.

    clotridial poisoning

  • 96

    Clostridial food poisoning, which contaminates protein-rich foods a such as beef, poultry, and fish, is caused by ___

    C. perfringens

  • 97

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. perfringens

    amputation

  • 98

    Penicillin, polyvalent antitoxin, symptomatic care of diarrhea, amputation, and hyperbaric oxygen are used to treat diseases caused by ___

    C. perfringens

  • 99

    Treatment for C. perfingens infections that saturates the infected tissues with oxygen, and prevents the growth of the obligately anaerobic clostridia.

    hyperbaric oxygen

  • 100

    Found in the stool of many healthy adults

    C. difficile