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Module 1 Part 2
85問 • 5ヶ月前
  • HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    To produce biological response, the drug molecule must first cross biologic membrane which acts as a lipid barrier which permits the absorption of lipid soluble substance by passive diffusion

    membrane permeability

  • 2

    To produce biological response, the drug molecule must first cross biologic membrane which acts as a lipid barrier which permits the absorption of lipid soluble substance by ____ diffusion

    passive

  • 3

    Measure of drug's liphilic character

    partition coefficient

  • 4

    The extent of dissociation and ionization of the drug

    pKa / dissociation constant

  • 5

    Extent of ionization which has strong effect on drug absorption, distibutio, and elimination

    pKa / dissociation constant

  • 6

    Tends to absorb moisture from air

    Hygroscopic powder

  • 7

    Absorb moisture from air then liquefy

    Deliquescent powder

  • 8

    Give up water of crystallization and may even become damp and pasty

    Efflorescent powder

  • 9

    Drugs are either weak acids or weak bases and have ____ water solubility

    limited

  • 10

    Often used to increase aqueous solubility

    organic salt considerationn

  • 11

    Prepared for increase in solubility, stability, resistance to degradation after administration, and use of product

    organic ester consideration

  • 12

    A solvolysis process in which drug interact with water to yield breakdown products of different chemical constitution.

    Hydrolysis

  • 13

    Example is Acetylsalicylic acid + water ----> salicylic acid + acetic acid

    hydrolysis

  • 14

    Amides, lactones, and lactams are prone to ____

    hydrolytic decomposition

  • 15

    Involves the loss of electrons from an atom or a molecule

    oxidation

  • 16

    Common to aldehydes, alcoholic, phenols, sugars, alkaloids, and unsaturated fats and oils

    oxidation

  • 17

    Defined as the extent to which a product retains, within specified limits, and throughout its period of strogae and use, the same properties and characteristics that is possessed at the time of its manufacture

    stability

  • 18

    Type of stability where each active ingredient retains its chemical integrity and labeled potency within specified limits

    chemical

  • 19

    Important for selecting storage condition such as temperature, light, and humidity

    chemical stability

  • 20

    Important in selecting the proper container (glass vs plastic; clear vs. amber)

    chemical stability

  • 21

    Important in anticipating interactions when mixing drugs

    chemical stability

  • 22

    Type of stability where the original properties, including appearance, palatability, uniformity, dissolution, and suspendability are retained.

    physical stability

  • 23

    Type of stability where sterility or resistance to microbial growth is retained

    Microbiologic

  • 24

    Antimicrobial agents are present to retain effective within specified limits

    microbiologic

  • 25

    The therepeutic effect remin unchanged

    therepeutic

  • 26

    No significant increase in toxicity occur

    toxicologic

  • 27

    High pH sodium sulfite antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 28

    Intermediate pH sodium bisulfite antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 29

    Low pH hypophosphorus acid antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 30

    Ascorbic acid anioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 31

    Alpha-tocopherol antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 32

    Butyl hydroxy anisole antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 33

    Ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 34

    In flavoring low MW salts are

    salty

  • 35

    In flavorings, high MW salts are

    bitter

  • 36

    Increase in hydroyl group _____ sweetness

    increase

  • 37

    Aldehydes is ____ to taste

    pleasant

  • 38

    Nitrogen comounds like plant alkaloids are

    bitter

  • 39

    Nitrogen compounds like aspartame are

    sweet

  • 40

    Mask salty taste of drugs like Chlorides of Na, K, and Ammonium

    cinnamon, raspberry, and orange flavors

  • 41

    Mask the bitter taste of drugs like Alkaloids and Epsom salt

    cocoa

  • 42

    Combat acid or sour taste of drugs

    fruit or citrus flavors

  • 43

    These are pleasant to taste

    organic estres, alcohols, and aldehydes

  • 44

    Prefer sweet, candy-lie preparations with fruity flavors

    children

  • 45

    Prefer less sweet with tart rather than a fruit flavored pharmaceutical

    adult

  • 46

    Commonly used sweeter obtained from sugar cane / sugar beet

    sucrose

  • 47

    Less sweet than sucrose

    glycerin

  • 48

    300 times as sweet as sucrose and has a bitter after taste; carcinogenic in animal

    saccharin

  • 49

    180-200 times sweeter than sucrose; contraindicated to phenylketonuria

    aspartame

  • 50

    Has carcinogenic potential and used as artificial sweetener

    cyclamate

  • 51

    130 times as sweet as sucrose

    acesulfame potassium

  • 52

    Natural, non-toxic, safe, and about 30 times sweeter than sucrose

    stevia powderrr

  • 53

    Achuete came from

    plant dyes

  • 54

    Ferric oxide came from

    minerals

  • 55

    Ferric oxide is color

    red

  • 56

    Mixed in a small portion with zinc oxide imparting a characteristic pink color in calamine powder

    ferric oxide

  • 57

    Coal tar dyes, anthracene dyes, and aniline dyes are examples of

    synthetic

  • 58

    Used in food, drugs, and cosmetics

    FD & C

  • 59

    Approved for use in drugs, some in cosmetics, and some in medical devices

    D & C

  • 60

    The use of which is restricted to eternal parts of the body, not including the lips or any body surface covered by mucous membrane

    External D & C

  • 61

    Can cause allergic reactions to patients who has sensitivity reaction to aspirin

    FD & C

  • 62

    Also known as Yellow No. % or tartrazine

    FD & C

  • 63

    FDA requires the listing of this dye on the labels of food and ingested drugs containing the substance

    FD & C

  • 64

    Capsules, compressed tablets, sugar-coated tablets, and suspensions are

    drug products requiring colorants

  • 65

    Ophthalmic products, parenteral products, ointments, and suppositories are

    drug products that do not contain color additives

  • 66

    The amount added to liquid preparations that ranges from 0.0005 to 0.001% depending upon the colorant and the depth of color desired

    liquid dyes

  • 67

    Suitable for coloring products in which the moisture levels are low

    lake pigments

  • 68

    A pigment consisting of a substratum of alumina hydrate on which the dye is absorbed or precipitated

    FD and C lake

  • 69

    Syrups

    requires preservatives

  • 70

    Emulsions

    requires preservatives

  • 71

    Semisolid preparations and ophthalmic products

    requires preservatives

  • 72

    Parenterals (multiple dose package)

    requires preservatives

  • 73

    Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic solutions

    does not require preservatives

  • 74

    ____ alcohol in solution will prevent microbial contamination

    15-20%

  • 75

    Elixirs, tinctures, and spirits

    does not require preservatives

  • 76

    Large volume parenterals

    does not require preservatives

  • 77

    Sterilized byy autoclaving, bacterial filtration, and dry heat but may still required additional preservatives

    parenterals and ophthalmic preparations

  • 78

    Frequently used preservatives in ophthalmic preparations because of their low degree of irritant qualities

    chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, & phenyl mercuric nitrate

  • 79

    More effective in acid media

    acidic preservatives

  • 80

    Less effective in acid or neutral media but more effective

    alkaline preservative

  • 81

    Preservative used as antifungal

    parabens

  • 82

    Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are

    preservatives

  • 83

    Alcohol, cresol, and phenol are

    preservatives

  • 84

    Chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, & phenyl mercuric nitrate are

    preservatives

  • 85

    Parabens like methyl- and propylparaben are

    preservatives

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    To produce biological response, the drug molecule must first cross biologic membrane which acts as a lipid barrier which permits the absorption of lipid soluble substance by passive diffusion

    membrane permeability

  • 2

    To produce biological response, the drug molecule must first cross biologic membrane which acts as a lipid barrier which permits the absorption of lipid soluble substance by ____ diffusion

    passive

  • 3

    Measure of drug's liphilic character

    partition coefficient

  • 4

    The extent of dissociation and ionization of the drug

    pKa / dissociation constant

  • 5

    Extent of ionization which has strong effect on drug absorption, distibutio, and elimination

    pKa / dissociation constant

  • 6

    Tends to absorb moisture from air

    Hygroscopic powder

  • 7

    Absorb moisture from air then liquefy

    Deliquescent powder

  • 8

    Give up water of crystallization and may even become damp and pasty

    Efflorescent powder

  • 9

    Drugs are either weak acids or weak bases and have ____ water solubility

    limited

  • 10

    Often used to increase aqueous solubility

    organic salt considerationn

  • 11

    Prepared for increase in solubility, stability, resistance to degradation after administration, and use of product

    organic ester consideration

  • 12

    A solvolysis process in which drug interact with water to yield breakdown products of different chemical constitution.

    Hydrolysis

  • 13

    Example is Acetylsalicylic acid + water ----> salicylic acid + acetic acid

    hydrolysis

  • 14

    Amides, lactones, and lactams are prone to ____

    hydrolytic decomposition

  • 15

    Involves the loss of electrons from an atom or a molecule

    oxidation

  • 16

    Common to aldehydes, alcoholic, phenols, sugars, alkaloids, and unsaturated fats and oils

    oxidation

  • 17

    Defined as the extent to which a product retains, within specified limits, and throughout its period of strogae and use, the same properties and characteristics that is possessed at the time of its manufacture

    stability

  • 18

    Type of stability where each active ingredient retains its chemical integrity and labeled potency within specified limits

    chemical

  • 19

    Important for selecting storage condition such as temperature, light, and humidity

    chemical stability

  • 20

    Important in selecting the proper container (glass vs plastic; clear vs. amber)

    chemical stability

  • 21

    Important in anticipating interactions when mixing drugs

    chemical stability

  • 22

    Type of stability where the original properties, including appearance, palatability, uniformity, dissolution, and suspendability are retained.

    physical stability

  • 23

    Type of stability where sterility or resistance to microbial growth is retained

    Microbiologic

  • 24

    Antimicrobial agents are present to retain effective within specified limits

    microbiologic

  • 25

    The therepeutic effect remin unchanged

    therepeutic

  • 26

    No significant increase in toxicity occur

    toxicologic

  • 27

    High pH sodium sulfite antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 28

    Intermediate pH sodium bisulfite antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 29

    Low pH hypophosphorus acid antioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 30

    Ascorbic acid anioxidant

    aqueous prep

  • 31

    Alpha-tocopherol antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 32

    Butyl hydroxy anisole antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 33

    Ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant

    oleagenous prep

  • 34

    In flavoring low MW salts are

    salty

  • 35

    In flavorings, high MW salts are

    bitter

  • 36

    Increase in hydroyl group _____ sweetness

    increase

  • 37

    Aldehydes is ____ to taste

    pleasant

  • 38

    Nitrogen comounds like plant alkaloids are

    bitter

  • 39

    Nitrogen compounds like aspartame are

    sweet

  • 40

    Mask salty taste of drugs like Chlorides of Na, K, and Ammonium

    cinnamon, raspberry, and orange flavors

  • 41

    Mask the bitter taste of drugs like Alkaloids and Epsom salt

    cocoa

  • 42

    Combat acid or sour taste of drugs

    fruit or citrus flavors

  • 43

    These are pleasant to taste

    organic estres, alcohols, and aldehydes

  • 44

    Prefer sweet, candy-lie preparations with fruity flavors

    children

  • 45

    Prefer less sweet with tart rather than a fruit flavored pharmaceutical

    adult

  • 46

    Commonly used sweeter obtained from sugar cane / sugar beet

    sucrose

  • 47

    Less sweet than sucrose

    glycerin

  • 48

    300 times as sweet as sucrose and has a bitter after taste; carcinogenic in animal

    saccharin

  • 49

    180-200 times sweeter than sucrose; contraindicated to phenylketonuria

    aspartame

  • 50

    Has carcinogenic potential and used as artificial sweetener

    cyclamate

  • 51

    130 times as sweet as sucrose

    acesulfame potassium

  • 52

    Natural, non-toxic, safe, and about 30 times sweeter than sucrose

    stevia powderrr

  • 53

    Achuete came from

    plant dyes

  • 54

    Ferric oxide came from

    minerals

  • 55

    Ferric oxide is color

    red

  • 56

    Mixed in a small portion with zinc oxide imparting a characteristic pink color in calamine powder

    ferric oxide

  • 57

    Coal tar dyes, anthracene dyes, and aniline dyes are examples of

    synthetic

  • 58

    Used in food, drugs, and cosmetics

    FD & C

  • 59

    Approved for use in drugs, some in cosmetics, and some in medical devices

    D & C

  • 60

    The use of which is restricted to eternal parts of the body, not including the lips or any body surface covered by mucous membrane

    External D & C

  • 61

    Can cause allergic reactions to patients who has sensitivity reaction to aspirin

    FD & C

  • 62

    Also known as Yellow No. % or tartrazine

    FD & C

  • 63

    FDA requires the listing of this dye on the labels of food and ingested drugs containing the substance

    FD & C

  • 64

    Capsules, compressed tablets, sugar-coated tablets, and suspensions are

    drug products requiring colorants

  • 65

    Ophthalmic products, parenteral products, ointments, and suppositories are

    drug products that do not contain color additives

  • 66

    The amount added to liquid preparations that ranges from 0.0005 to 0.001% depending upon the colorant and the depth of color desired

    liquid dyes

  • 67

    Suitable for coloring products in which the moisture levels are low

    lake pigments

  • 68

    A pigment consisting of a substratum of alumina hydrate on which the dye is absorbed or precipitated

    FD and C lake

  • 69

    Syrups

    requires preservatives

  • 70

    Emulsions

    requires preservatives

  • 71

    Semisolid preparations and ophthalmic products

    requires preservatives

  • 72

    Parenterals (multiple dose package)

    requires preservatives

  • 73

    Alcoholic and hydroalcoholic solutions

    does not require preservatives

  • 74

    ____ alcohol in solution will prevent microbial contamination

    15-20%

  • 75

    Elixirs, tinctures, and spirits

    does not require preservatives

  • 76

    Large volume parenterals

    does not require preservatives

  • 77

    Sterilized byy autoclaving, bacterial filtration, and dry heat but may still required additional preservatives

    parenterals and ophthalmic preparations

  • 78

    Frequently used preservatives in ophthalmic preparations because of their low degree of irritant qualities

    chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, & phenyl mercuric nitrate

  • 79

    More effective in acid media

    acidic preservatives

  • 80

    Less effective in acid or neutral media but more effective

    alkaline preservative

  • 81

    Preservative used as antifungal

    parabens

  • 82

    Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are

    preservatives

  • 83

    Alcohol, cresol, and phenol are

    preservatives

  • 84

    Chlorobutanol, benzalkonium chloride, & phenyl mercuric nitrate are

    preservatives

  • 85

    Parabens like methyl- and propylparaben are

    preservatives