histology unit 2

61問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

通報

問題一覧

A biological process wherein cells gain specialized roles and switch from one cell type to another in an entity

cell differentiation

Process of cells becoming specialized in structure and function

differentiation

It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

plasma membrane

A selective barrier regulating the passage pf materials into and put the cell, And facilitating the transport of specific molecules to protect the cell from its surrounding environment, to keep ion content of cytoplasm constant, which differs from The extracellular fluid

plasma membrane

Describe the plasma membrane as a fluid and a mosaic structure

seymour jonathan singer and garth L. nicolson

A phospholipid bilayer structure composed of fluid and a mosaic pf diverse molecules

fluid mosaic model

Fundamental structure is

phospholipid bilayer

Membrane phospholipids are

amphipathic

Consisting of two nonpolar long chain

amphipathic

Components of cytoplasm

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Attached tp either lipids or proteins

carbohydrates

A phosphate molecule that is attracted tp water. Face the squeous or watery environment

head

Made up of fatty acids that aren’t compatible with, or repel, water. Hide away from water between the layers pf heads

tails

Polar (hydrophilic)

head (water loving)

Nonpolar (hydrophobic)

tail (water fearing)

A sterol lipid, insert at varying densities among the closely packed phospholipid fatty acids, restricting their movements and modulating the fluidity of all membrane components

cholesterol

Mojor constituents of membranes

proteins

Incorporated directly within the lipid bilayer

integral proteins

Bpund to one pf the two membrane surfaces particularly on the cytoplasmic side

peripheral proteins

Nestled into the phospholipid bilayer and stick put on either end. Transport larger molecules across the cell membrane

integral proteins

Electron are not evenly distributed

polar

Electron are evenly distributed

nonpolar

Don’t extend across the membrane. Can be attached to the ends of integral proteins or not. Help with transport or communication electrons are evenly distributed

peripheral proteins

It is the entire content within the cell membrane

cytoplasm

It is the fluid contained in the cell cytoplasm, it also contains hundreds of enzymes

cytosol

Produce building blocks for larger molecules and break down small molecules to liberate energy

glycolytic pathway

Enable cells to maintain their turgidity, which emables the cells to hold their shape

cytoplasm

Holds the internal components of cells in the place and protects them from damage. Assist in metabolic activities

cytoplasm

Most organelles are surrounded by membrane

eukaryotic cells

There are no membrane-bound organelles

prokaryotic cells

Possess their own plasma membrane tp create a lumen seperate from the cytoplasm

membranous organelles

Large structure enclosed within a double membrane; contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

nucleus

Houses the dna that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesisnuclear pores nucleus

nucleus

Controls and regulates the activities of the cell

nucleus

A large organelle made of membranous sheets and tubules

endoplasmic reticulum

Act as an internal transport system, allowing molecules to move from one part of the cell to another

endoplasmic reticulum

Series of several elongated, flattened saclike membranous structures

golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages, and sorts of materials that arrive from the er in transport vesicles; forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

golgi apparatus

Two functional faces of Golgi apparatus

cis face and trans face

Entry immature face and facing the endoplasmic reticulum

cis face

Exit mature concave face and facing the plasma membrane

trans face

Also called power generators of the cell, it generate the energy to pipeer cells

mitochondria

Synthesize most atp during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen

mitochondria

Spherical- shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes

lysosomes

Digest microbes or materials ingested by the cell, worn out cellular components, or the entire cell

lysosome

Smaller, spherical/shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from the er or through fission and contain oxidative enzymes

peroxisomes

Detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell pr taken into the cell. Engaged in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl coa

peroxisomes

Help in storage and disposal of various substances. Store food or other nutrients by a cell to survive

vacuoles

Spherical-shaped membrane-bound sacs; contain various types pf materials to be transported through the cell

vesicles

Organelles composed of both protein and ribosomal rna that are organized into both a large and small subunit

ribosomes

Site pf protein synthesis in the cell. Reads the messenger rna sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids

ribosome

Determines a cells shape and motility. Maintains the cells shape, anchors organelles, and assist with transpo

cytoskeleton

Paired barrel-shaped organelles. Play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as a the cells skeletal system

centrioles

Determine the locations pf nucleus and other organelles within the cell

centrioles

A shorter and more numerous than flagella, can be found in many types of cells

cilia

Longer amd fewer in number than cilia and are used fpr locomotion, found in various organisms

flagella

Accumulations of lipid filling adipocytes and present in various other cells. Rounded and clear organelles located in the cytoplasm

lipid droplets

Aggregates of the carbohydrates polymer in which glucose is stored. Visible sd s irregular clumps of peripdic acid-schiff-positive

glycogen granules

Dark brown granules which in skin serve to protect cells from ultraviolet radiation

melanin

A pale brown granule found in many cells, especially in stable nondividing cells

lipofuscin

A dense brown aggregate of denatured ferritin proteins with many atoms of bound iron, prominent in phagocytic crlls of the librr and spleen

hemosiderin

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ユーザ名非公開 · 6問 · 1年前

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6問 • 1年前

ユーザ名非公開

問題一覧

A biological process wherein cells gain specialized roles and switch from one cell type to another in an entity

cell differentiation

Process of cells becoming specialized in structure and function

differentiation

It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

plasma membrane

Describe the plasma membrane as a fluid and a mosaic structure

seymour jonathan singer and garth L. nicolson

A phospholipid bilayer structure composed of fluid and a mosaic pf diverse molecules

fluid mosaic model

Fundamental structure is

phospholipid bilayer

Membrane phospholipids are

amphipathic

Consisting of two nonpolar long chain

amphipathic

Components of cytoplasm

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Attached tp either lipids or proteins

carbohydrates

A phosphate molecule that is attracted tp water. Face the squeous or watery environment

head

Made up of fatty acids that aren’t compatible with, or repel, water. Hide away from water between the layers pf heads

tails

Polar (hydrophilic)

head (water loving)

Nonpolar (hydrophobic)

tail (water fearing)

A sterol lipid, insert at varying densities among the closely packed phospholipid fatty acids, restricting their movements and modulating the fluidity of all membrane components

cholesterol

Mojor constituents of membranes

proteins

Incorporated directly within the lipid bilayer

integral proteins

Bpund to one pf the two membrane surfaces particularly on the cytoplasmic side

peripheral proteins

Nestled into the phospholipid bilayer and stick put on either end. Transport larger molecules across the cell membrane

integral proteins

Electron are not evenly distributed

polar

Electron are evenly distributed

nonpolar

Don’t extend across the membrane. Can be attached to the ends of integral proteins or not. Help with transport or communication electrons are evenly distributed

peripheral proteins

It is the entire content within the cell membrane

cytoplasm

It is the fluid contained in the cell cytoplasm, it also contains hundreds of enzymes

cytosol

Produce building blocks for larger molecules and break down small molecules to liberate energy

glycolytic pathway

Enable cells to maintain their turgidity, which emables the cells to hold their shape

cytoplasm

Holds the internal components of cells in the place and protects them from damage. Assist in metabolic activities

cytoplasm

Most organelles are surrounded by membrane

eukaryotic cells

There are no membrane-bound organelles

prokaryotic cells

Possess their own plasma membrane tp create a lumen seperate from the cytoplasm

membranous organelles

Large structure enclosed within a double membrane; contains chromatin, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

nucleus

Houses the dna that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesisnuclear pores nucleus

nucleus

Controls and regulates the activities of the cell

nucleus

A large organelle made of membranous sheets and tubules

endoplasmic reticulum

Act as an internal transport system, allowing molecules to move from one part of the cell to another

endoplasmic reticulum

Series of several elongated, flattened saclike membranous structures

golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages, and sorts of materials that arrive from the er in transport vesicles; forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

golgi apparatus

Two functional faces of Golgi apparatus

cis face and trans face

Entry immature face and facing the endoplasmic reticulum

cis face

Exit mature concave face and facing the plasma membrane

trans face

Also called power generators of the cell, it generate the energy to pipeer cells

mitochondria

Synthesize most atp during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen

mitochondria

Spherical- shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes

lysosomes

Digest microbes or materials ingested by the cell, worn out cellular components, or the entire cell

lysosome

Smaller, spherical/shaped membrane-bound organelles formed from the er or through fission and contain oxidative enzymes

peroxisomes

Detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell pr taken into the cell. Engaged in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl coa

peroxisomes

Help in storage and disposal of various substances. Store food or other nutrients by a cell to survive

vacuoles

Spherical-shaped membrane-bound sacs; contain various types pf materials to be transported through the cell

vesicles

Organelles composed of both protein and ribosomal rna that are organized into both a large and small subunit

ribosomes

Site pf protein synthesis in the cell. Reads the messenger rna sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids

ribosome

Determines a cells shape and motility. Maintains the cells shape, anchors organelles, and assist with transpo

cytoskeleton

Paired barrel-shaped organelles. Play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as a the cells skeletal system

centrioles

Determine the locations pf nucleus and other organelles within the cell

centrioles

A shorter and more numerous than flagella, can be found in many types of cells

cilia

Longer amd fewer in number than cilia and are used fpr locomotion, found in various organisms

flagella

Accumulations of lipid filling adipocytes and present in various other cells. Rounded and clear organelles located in the cytoplasm

lipid droplets

Aggregates of the carbohydrates polymer in which glucose is stored. Visible sd s irregular clumps of peripdic acid-schiff-positive

glycogen granules

Dark brown granules which in skin serve to protect cells from ultraviolet radiation

melanin

A pale brown granule found in many cells, especially in stable nondividing cells

lipofuscin

A dense brown aggregate of denatured ferritin proteins with many atoms of bound iron, prominent in phagocytic crlls of the librr and spleen

hemosiderin