histology unit 1

49問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Tissue or web

histo

Study of tissues of the body

histology

It involves all aspects of tissue biology with focus on how cells structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ

histology

Two interacting components of tissues

cells and extracellular matrix

It produce ecm

cells

Smallest living parts of the body and Basic structural and function units

cells

Animal cells are

eukaryotic

Bacteria are

prokaryotic

Connective tissues non cellular portion is known as the

extracellular matrix

It holds water and giving the physical scaffolding for the cells

extracellular matrix

Form part of a selective barrier to the external environment

extracellular matrix

Supports the cells and contains fluid transporting nutrients to the cells carying away wastes

extracellular matrix

In human the main components of extracellular matrix are

fibrous elements, link proteins, space filling molecules

Father of modern histology and descriptive anatomy

marie francois xavier bichat

First did the study of tissus and used the term tissue in an anatomic sense

marie francois xavier bichat

Discovered different weaves and textures in the body and named then layers of tissues

marie francois xavier bichat

Preperation of tissues for study

fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding

It is the most crucial step for the preperation of tissues it preserved the samples structure and prevent decomposition

fixation

Examples of fixative or liquid fixing agent

formalin and glutaraldehyde

Remove water from the sample to prepare it for emedding

dehydration

Replace alcohol with a substance that is transparent to allow light to pass through

clearing

Remove a substantial amount of fat from the tissue which otherwise presents a barrier to wax infiltration

clearing

The ethanol is gradually replaced with xylene

clearing

Completely displace the clearing agent.

infiltration

Provide support and orientation for sectioning

embedding

Hardening of infiltration tissue with paraffin

embedding

Produce thin sections for microscopy

section-cutting

The hardened block with tissue and surrounding embedding medium is trimmed and placed for sectioning in a microtome

section-cutting

Secure the sections onto a microscope slide

mounting of tissue sections

Enhance contrast and reveal specific structures. Dyes stain material more or less selectively, often behaving like acid or basic compounds

staining

Structures stained purple

nucleic acids

Structures stained pink

mitochondria, proteins, collagen

Major types of light microscopy

brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference, fluorescence, confocal, two-photon

Used in a wide variety of laboratory application as the standard microscope

brightfield

Increasing contrast without staining by producing a bright image on darker background

darkfield

Uses refraction and interference caused by structures in the specimen to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining

phase contrast

Uses interference patterns to enhance contrast between different features of a specimen to produce high-contrast images

differential interference

Uses flourescent stains to produce an image

fluorescence

Uses laser to scan multiple z-planes successively

confocal

Uses scanning technique, fluorochromes, and long-wavelength light to penetrate into deep thick specimens

two-photon

Major types of electron microscopy

transmission and scanning

Uses electron beams that pass through a specimen to visualize small images

transmission

Uses electron beams to visualize surfaces

scanning

Interpretations of structures in tissue selections

distortion, shrinkage, slight cracks, small wrinkles, precipitates

Minor shrinkage of cells or tissue produced by the fixative or by ethanol that needed for paraffin embedding

distortion

Create artificial spaces between cells and other tissue

shrinkage

May confuse with linear structures in the tissue

small wrinkles

From the stain which may confused with cellular structures such as cytoplasmic granules

precipitates

Types of tissue sections

longitudinal sections, cross sections, oblique sections

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問題一覧

Tissue or web

histo

Study of tissues of the body

histology

It involves all aspects of tissue biology with focus on how cells structure and arrangement optimize functions specific to each organ

histology

Two interacting components of tissues

cells and extracellular matrix

It produce ecm

cells

Smallest living parts of the body and Basic structural and function units

cells

Animal cells are

eukaryotic

Bacteria are

prokaryotic

Connective tissues non cellular portion is known as the

extracellular matrix

It holds water and giving the physical scaffolding for the cells

extracellular matrix

Form part of a selective barrier to the external environment

extracellular matrix

Supports the cells and contains fluid transporting nutrients to the cells carying away wastes

extracellular matrix

In human the main components of extracellular matrix are

fibrous elements, link proteins, space filling molecules

Father of modern histology and descriptive anatomy

marie francois xavier bichat

First did the study of tissus and used the term tissue in an anatomic sense

marie francois xavier bichat

Discovered different weaves and textures in the body and named then layers of tissues

marie francois xavier bichat

Preperation of tissues for study

fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding

It is the most crucial step for the preperation of tissues it preserved the samples structure and prevent decomposition

fixation

Examples of fixative or liquid fixing agent

formalin and glutaraldehyde

Remove water from the sample to prepare it for emedding

dehydration

Replace alcohol with a substance that is transparent to allow light to pass through

clearing

Remove a substantial amount of fat from the tissue which otherwise presents a barrier to wax infiltration

clearing

The ethanol is gradually replaced with xylene

clearing

Completely displace the clearing agent.

infiltration

Provide support and orientation for sectioning

embedding

Hardening of infiltration tissue with paraffin

embedding

Produce thin sections for microscopy

section-cutting

The hardened block with tissue and surrounding embedding medium is trimmed and placed for sectioning in a microtome

section-cutting

Secure the sections onto a microscope slide

mounting of tissue sections

Enhance contrast and reveal specific structures. Dyes stain material more or less selectively, often behaving like acid or basic compounds

staining

Structures stained purple

nucleic acids

Structures stained pink

mitochondria, proteins, collagen

Major types of light microscopy

brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference, fluorescence, confocal, two-photon

Used in a wide variety of laboratory application as the standard microscope

brightfield

Increasing contrast without staining by producing a bright image on darker background

darkfield

Uses refraction and interference caused by structures in the specimen to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining

phase contrast

Uses interference patterns to enhance contrast between different features of a specimen to produce high-contrast images

differential interference

Uses flourescent stains to produce an image

fluorescence

Uses laser to scan multiple z-planes successively

confocal

Uses scanning technique, fluorochromes, and long-wavelength light to penetrate into deep thick specimens

two-photon

Major types of electron microscopy

transmission and scanning

Uses electron beams that pass through a specimen to visualize small images

transmission

Uses electron beams to visualize surfaces

scanning

Interpretations of structures in tissue selections

distortion, shrinkage, slight cracks, small wrinkles, precipitates

Minor shrinkage of cells or tissue produced by the fixative or by ethanol that needed for paraffin embedding

distortion

Create artificial spaces between cells and other tissue

shrinkage

May confuse with linear structures in the tissue

small wrinkles

From the stain which may confused with cellular structures such as cytoplasmic granules

precipitates

Types of tissue sections

longitudinal sections, cross sections, oblique sections