plant physiology lec unit 1

55問 • 1年前

問題一覧

The study of plant function and behavior

plant physiology

The study of plants internal activities, chemical and physical processes, in response to growth and development, as well as external environment, such as changes in climate, soil, water, nutrient, and presence if pathogens and diseas

plant physiology

What are the biochemical functions

dissimilation and assimilation

Breaking down of substances for energy metabolism like respiration in mitochondria

dissimilation

Build-up of compounds like biomass production through photosynthesis

assimilation

Involves the increase in plant size and mass

developmental function

Comprise the seed germination, flowering, fertilization to produce seeds

developmental functions

These processes are regulated by environmental conditions and hormones

developmental functions

How are plants different from animals

mobility, growth, response to environment, cell structure

Permanent tissues

ground tissue, vascular tissue, dermal tissue

Ground tissue

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Vascular tissue

xylem, phloem

Dermal tissue

periderm, epidermis

Tissues in which the cells are undifferentiated, and divided actively throughout the life of the plant

meristematic tissue

Tissues in which the cells lost the ability to divide further

permanent tissue

Three principal tissue system of permanen tissue

dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue

Comprises the surface layer of the plant body, derived from the protoderm

dermal tissues

Single layer, replaced by periderm in stems and roots of woody plants. Some plants have multiple layers of epidermis

dermal tissues

Types of cells in dermal tissues

epidermal cells, guard cells, subsidiary cells, trichomes, idioblast

Waxy layer largely impervious to liquid and gases. Mainly composed of cutin.

cuticle

When the cutin is oxidized and polymerized on the outer cell surface

cuticularization

When the cutin is impregnated into cell wall

cutinization

What are the specialized epidermal cells

bulliform cells and cystoliths

Balloon-like cells, common in monocots. Function in the rolling or unrolling of leaves in response to water loss or uptake

bulliform cells

Irregular shaped mineral depositions of calcium carbonate. Function as internal light scatterers distributing light more evenly inside the leaf

cystoliths

Hair-like structures helps to reduce transpirations, increase solar reflectance, and store compounds that defend the leaves against predation

trichomes

Stomatal apparatus

stomata, guard cells, subsidiary cells

Consist of cortex and pith in stems and root, and mesophyll of leaves. Derived from the ground meristem

ground tissue

Principal cell types of ground tissue

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

Stores carbohydrates produced by plants

ground tissue

Ground tissues towards the interior of the vascular tissue

pith

Layer of the tissue between the vascular tissue and the epidermis

cortex

Thin primary cell walls, large central vacoule, prominent nucleus and cytoplasm, oval or round shape

parenchyma

Found in leaves and contains many chloroplast

chlorenchyma

Lossely packed with air spaces

aerenchyma

Found below the epidermis, elongated cells with sytoplasm and irregular cell wall. Provide support for organs such as leaves and flowers

collenchyma

Dead cells that has thick cell wall found in bark, stems, leaf vein. With primary and secondary cell wall impenetrable to waters, gases, and solutes

sclerenchyma

Tightly packed and complete absence of spaces

sclerenchyma

Very little protoplast, and no cell organelles. Mechanical strength and protection

sclerenchyma

What are the sclereids

brachysclereid, macrosclereid, osteosclereid, astrosclereid, filiform sclereid

Short, roughly isodiametric

brachysclereid

Somewhat elongated with uneven deposition of secondary walls

macrosclereid

Columnar with enlargement st both ends

osteosclereid

Branched scleried

astrosclereid

Elongated and slender, resembling a fiber

filiform sclereid

Network of donducting tissues that interconnects all organs, transporting water, minerals, nutrients, organic compounds, and various signaling molecules

vascular tissues

Dead tissue that carries with it water and minerals from roots. Present in roots, stems, and leaves. Tubular in shape, with no cross walls. Found at the center of the vascular bhndle

xylem

Contributes the bulk of the vascular bundle. Made up of dead cells that are hollow. Cell wall is fhick and made of lignin, consists mainly of tracheid and vessel elements

xylem

Elongated, with tapering ends

tracheids

Tube-like structures, connected from end to end. Present only in angiosperm

vessels

Living tissue that carries food and other organic nutrients from leaves. Present in stems, and leaves, and later in roots, fruits, and seeds. Elongated, tubular in shape, with no seive tubes

phloem

Found at the outer side of the vascular bundle. Bidirectional flow, contributes a small portion if vascular bundle. Made up of living cells with little cytoplasm and no nucleus

phloem

Cell wall is thin and made of cellulose. Consists mainly of seive elements and companion cells

phloem

Long and narrow cells connected to form the seive tube

sieve elements

Provide metabolic support to the sieve elements and facilitate the loading and unloading of food materials from source to sink

companion cells

histology unit 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 49問 · 1年前

histology unit 1