Principal cell types of ground tissue

Living tissue that carries food and other organic nutrients from leaves. Present in stems, and leaves, and later in roots, fruits, and seeds. Elongated, tubular in shape, with no seive tubes

Types of cells in dermal tissues

Long and narrow cells connected to form the seive tube

Somewhat elongated with uneven deposition of secondary walls

What are the biochemical functions

Dead tissue that carries with it water and minerals from roots. Present in roots, stems, and leaves. Tubular in shape, with no cross walls. Found at the center of the vascular bhndle

Found at the outer side of the vascular bundle. Bidirectional flow, contributes a small portion if vascular bundle. Made up of living cells with little cytoplasm and no nucleus

Ground tissue

The study of plants internal activities, chemical and physical processes, in response to growth and development, as well as external environment, such as changes in climate, soil, water, nutrient, and presence if pathogens and diseas

Branched scleried

Dermal tissue

Thin primary cell walls, large central vacoule, prominent nucleus and cytoplasm, oval or round shape

What are the sclereids

Comprises the surface layer of the plant body, derived from the protoderm

Three principal tissue system of permanen tissue

Network of donducting tissues that interconnects all organs, transporting water, minerals, nutrients, organic compounds, and various signaling molecules

Provide metabolic support to the sieve elements and facilitate the loading and unloading of food materials from source to sink

Hair-like structures helps to reduce transpirations, increase solar reflectance, and store compounds that defend the leaves against predation

When the cutin is oxidized and polymerized on the outer cell surface

Comprise the seed germination, flowering, fertilization to produce seeds

Tissues in which the cells lost the ability to divide further

Short, roughly isodiametric

Layer of the tissue between the vascular tissue and the epidermis

Permanent tissues

When the cutin is impregnated into cell wall

Found in leaves and contains many chloroplast

Dead cells that has thick cell wall found in bark, stems, leaf vein. With primary and secondary cell wall impenetrable to waters, gases, and solutes

Balloon-like cells, common in monocots. Function in the rolling or unrolling of leaves in response to water loss or uptake

Found below the epidermis, elongated cells with sytoplasm and irregular cell wall. Provide support for organs such as leaves and flowers

Breaking down of substances for energy metabolism like respiration in mitochondria

Build-up of compounds like biomass production through photosynthesis

Stores carbohydrates produced by plants

Vascular tissue

Contributes the bulk of the vascular bundle. Made up of dead cells that are hollow. Cell wall is fhick and made of lignin, consists mainly of tracheid and vessel elements

How are plants different from animals

Columnar with enlargement st both ends

Elongated, with tapering ends

Elongated and slender, resembling a fiber

Tissues in which the cells are undifferentiated, and divided actively throughout the life of the plant

These processes are regulated by environmental conditions and hormones

Ground tissues towards the interior of the vascular tissue

Single layer, replaced by periderm in stems and roots of woody plants. Some plants have multiple layers of epidermis

Lossely packed with air spaces

Consist of cortex and pith in stems and root, and mesophyll of leaves. Derived from the ground meristem

Cell wall is thin and made of cellulose. Consists mainly of seive elements and companion cells

Waxy layer largely impervious to liquid and gases. Mainly composed of cutin.

Very little protoplast, and no cell organelles. Mechanical strength and protection

Involves the increase in plant size and mass

Tube-like structures, connected from end to end. Present only in angiosperm

Irregular shaped mineral depositions of calcium carbonate. Function as internal light scatterers distributing light more evenly inside the leaf

What are the specialized epidermal cells

Stomatal apparatus

The study of plant function and behavior

Tightly packed and complete absence of spaces