Semisolid Preparations Part 2

75問 • 4ヶ月前

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Semisolid systems consisting of dispersions of small or large molecules in an aqueous liquid vehicle rendered jelly-like by the addition of a gelling agent

gels

Gels are sometimes called ____ (small letters, plural)

jellies

Synthetic macromolecules gelling agent

carbomer 934

Cellulose derivatives gelling agent

carboxymethylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Natural gums gelling agent

tragacanth

Gels contain ___ (choose 4)

gelling agent , water, drug substance, and solvents, antimicrobial preservatives , stabilizers

Gels which may be administered into the skin, eye, nose, vagina, and rectum

medicated

Gels should be packed in a

tight container

Avoid ____ of gels

freezing

Thicker and stiffer than ointments

pastes

More absorptive and less greasy than ointments

pastes

Effective employed to absorb serous secretions and therefore preferred for crusting and oozing lesions

pastes

Not generally suited dor application to hairy parts of the body

pastes

Paste for minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, and diaper rash

Zinc oxide paste

Paste prepared by mixing 25% each of zinc oxide and starch with white petrolatum

Lassar's Plain zinc paste

Are solid or semisold adhesive masses spread upon a suitable backing material and intended for external application to a part of the body to provide prolonged contact at that site

plasters

Components of a plaster (choose 3)

backing material , adhesive material , medicinal substances

Plaster used to provide protection or mechanical support

non-medicated

Plasters such as Leukoplast, Micropore, Transpore, Bandages, and Tegraderm Film

non-medicated

Plasters such as Corn Plaster (Salicylic acid plaster), Chili Plaster, Antiseptic Plaster, and Salonpas

medicated

Medicated plaster which is keratolytic and used for the removal of corns

Salicylic acid plaster

Corn plaster contains ____ salicylic acid

10 to 40%

Plastic masses intended for topical application

glycerogelatins

Glycerogelatins contain 15% of

gelatin

Glycerogelatins contain 40% of

glycerin

Glycerogelatins contain 35% of

water

Glycerogelatins contain ___ of zinc oxide, added as medicinal substances

10%

Melted prior to application, cooled and applied with a fine brush

glycerogelatins

Offcial glycerogelatin used in the treatment of varicose ulcers (small letters)

zinc gelatin

Ointment-like preaparations intended for warm, external application to a body surface for the purpose of reducing inflammation and/or allaying pain

cataplasms/poultices

Should be warmed before application and applied with a piece of cloth

cataplasms/poultices

Example of cataplasm

Numotizine

Sofra-Tulle is an example of

dressing

External applications resembling ointments in consistency but remaining at body semisolid at body temperature, liquefy at 50°C and remain pliable in thin films below 28°C

dressings

Dressings are external applications resembling ointments in consistency but remaining at body semisolid at body temperature, liquefy at ___ and remain pliable in thin films below ___

50°C , 28°C

Primary dressing

semisolid

Wet dressing

antiseptic solutions

An air-excluding, soft, pliable, analgesic, splint-like covering for surfaces denuded by wound

paraffin dressing, NF

Any material used as covering, protective, or support for a diseased part

surgical dressing

Classes of dressings (choose 4)

primary wound dressing , absorbents , bandages, adhesive tapes

paraffin and surgical dressings are

adhesive tapes

Provide extended residence time on the surface of the eye

ophthalmic preparations

Ophthalmic ointments and gels are cleared from the eye as slowly as ___

0.5% per minute

Ophthalmic ointments bases should have a softening point close to ____, both for comfort and for drug release

body temperature

Must not be irritating to the eye

ophthalmic preparations

Must permit the diffusion of the medical substance throughout the secretions bathing the eye

ophthalmic preparations

Components of ophthalmic ointments and gels

ointment bases, medicinal agents

Mixtures of white petrolatum and liquid petrolatum (mineral oil) for ophthalmic ointments and gels

ointment base

Medicated and unmedicating lubricating ophthalmic ointments

ointment bases

Added to the ophthalmic ointment base as water absorbing

Lanolin

Permits water and water-insoluble drugs to be retained within the base (choose 2)

PEG gel base, mineral oil

Added to ophthalmic ointments and gels either as a solution or as a finely micronized powder

medicinal agents

Ophthalmic ointment is made uniform and smooth by ___

fine milling

Ophthalmic ointments and gels must meet USP sterility test and requirements for metal particles

true

Methylparaben & propylparaben for ophthalmic ointments and gels

0.05%

Phenylmercuric acetate for ophthalmic ointments and gels

0.0008%

Chlorobutanol for ophthalmic ointments and gels

0.5%

Benzalkonium chloride for ophthalmic ointments and gels

0.008%

Ophthalmic ointments and gels must be packed in ___ having elongated narrow tip

collapsible tubes

Intended for local effects on the mucous membrane and underlying tissues

nasal preparations

Nasal preparations are used as

decongestants

Nasal preparations can be used locally and systematically

true

Butorphanol tartrate nasal preparations is used as

analgesic

Cyanocobalamin nasal preparations is used as

hematopoietic

Narfaralin acetate nasal preparations is used as

treatment of endometriosis

Nicotine nasal preparation is used as

adjunct in smoking cessation

Ointment and gel preparations only (choose 2)

ophthalmic , nasal

Can be prepared as ointments, creams, gels, and foams (choose 2)

vaginal, rectal

Treat local conditions of anorectal pruritus, inflammation, and the pain and discomfort associated with hemorrhoids

rectal preparations

Packaged with special perforated plastic tips

rectal preparations

Procto-foam-HC is an example of rectal ___

aerosol foam

Treats minor pain, itching, swelling, and discomfort caused by hemorrhoids

Procto-foam-HC

Vaginal preparations packed in tubes

ointment, creams, and gels

Vaginal preparations packed in aerosol canister

foams

Used in the topical treatment of vulvovaginal infections, vaginitis, and contraception with spermatocidal agents

vaginal preparations

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