Microbiology Exam 5 Clicker Question

38問 • 8ヶ月前

問題一覧

How is the fragile mRNA molecule in the vaccine physically protected from destruction (in the vials and after the IM injection)

a lipid-based nanoparticle surrounds the mRNA

How is the mRNA in the Johnson and Johnson protected?

it’s inside a harmless cold virus protein shell (aka, the capsid—remember that term)?

The mRNA molecule used in the Moderna (Mod) and the Pfizer-Biotech (P-tech) vaccines contain genetic information for what SARS-CoV-2-viral component?

spike protein

Several months after the initial vaccination schedule to achieve COVID immunity, the protection against COVID diminishes, and boosters are recommended to re-establish full immune protection. What is the part of the immune response that naturally wanes or diminishes during that time so boosters are needed?

levels of circulating antibodies such as IgG decreases because of their usual half-life in the blood?

After injection into the body all 3 vaccines stimulates the activity of what type of immune cells to create immunity?

All of the above

What immune system response would a mild breakthrough infection by the Omnicorn-variant SARS-Cov-2 most likely cause in a fully covid vaccinated person.

The infection will give an additional increase in the overall immune response

What “type” of hypersensitivity is the human reaction to poison ivy?

Type IV

What “chemical mediator” is released during the reaction to poison ivy, and where is the chemical active?

IL-33 the skin’s nerve cell

What component of posion ivy causes the itchy skin to reaction?

an allergen in the sap called urushiol

In the research trails, how was the itch response dismissed or eliminated in the test time?

antibodies against the active chemical mediator and antibodies against the nerve receptor prevented the itch

How does the author propose to help hospitals use the most effective antibiotic available to treat patients with bacterial pneumonia?

allow reimbursement for the use of the most effective antibiotic, and provide incentives for new antibiotics research and development

Approximately how many vaccines and antiviral treatments are currently in development to reduce hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV2 virus?

more than 80

If antibiotics are known not to be effective against virus infections why would there be a need to use antibiotics with the virus

Many COVID infections can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia, requiring effective antibiotic treatment

Why are hospital discouraged from using new antibiotics from treating antibiotic resistents infections assocatied with serious COVID infection?

The hospitals don’t get reimbursed for using the sometimes very expensive new antibiotics

Cases of scarlet fever have been rising in many countries around the globe

True

The causative agent of Scarelt Fever is

Sterptococcus pyogenus

The causative agent of Scarlet fever can also cause

All of the above

The cause of scarlet fever is most often spread by

saliva droplets released by coughing and sneezing

Serious complication that can arise due to scarlet fever infection include

rheumatic fever

Scarelt fever is successfully treated with

anitbiotics

The 3 vaccines in the “tripledemic” are

respiratory syncytial virus, influenzavirus, SARS-CoV-2

These tripledemic viruses the risk for the co-infection. What is meant by “co-infection”?

an individual can be infected with 2 or more of these viruses

How does the flu season in 2020-21 compare to nearly all the other recent flu seasons?

nearly non-existent hardly any flu symptoms visit Doctor offices

RSV is an infectious viral diases that affects what body system?

The nasopharynx and lungs, its a respiratory virus

The ILI epidemiology data shows that outpatient visits for respiratory illness in the Fall of 2022

show a much earlier increase than most of the past 5 years

The location of the infection to be treated with an antibiotic it’s important because lipid-soluble drugs can reach higher levels in the tissue than they do in the blood serum

true

According to the Guide an antibiotic “breakpoint” is

the dilation of the antibiotic where bacteria began to show resistance to a specific concentration to an antibiotic

Only the effective MIC of an antibodies should be considered when prescribing the optimum antibiotic. Safety, ease of use, and cost should not be considered

False

The MIC or minimum inhibitory concentration is defined as

the lowest concentration (in ug/mL) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria

Antibiotic test shown as “Sensitve” implies that

the microorganism is sentive to the usual dosage that is tolerated by a patient

The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test (the one you used in micro lab this semester) is used to determine

whether a bacterial species is susceptible or resistant to any of the antibiotics tested

Lab test that determine antibiotic resistance imply that

the bacterial species isolated from an infected patient is NOT susceptible to that specific antibiotic

What danger did this individual case for the general population in his area

no danger for fully vaccinated children and adult— getting the recommended doses of polio vaccine in highly protective

Globally, the recent trend in vaccination rates for various diseases has been

going down for several diseases, including polio and measles

Vaccines hesitancy. I.e not getting recommended vaccination can afffect overall public health. Since this mainly concerns COVID vaccines, routes childhood have not been influenced by antivaxers

false

How is the poliovirus most commonly transmitted?

fecal-oral-usually contaminated food or water

Polio originating and spreading in the US population, was elimated in the US because of its high vaccination acceptance. What year was polio considered eradicated in the US

1979

The recent case of polio in NY involved a person who was previously vaccinated against the poliovirus

False

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6問 • 8ヶ月前

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問題一覧

How is the fragile mRNA molecule in the vaccine physically protected from destruction (in the vials and after the IM injection)

a lipid-based nanoparticle surrounds the mRNA

How is the mRNA in the Johnson and Johnson protected?

it’s inside a harmless cold virus protein shell (aka, the capsid—remember that term)?

The mRNA molecule used in the Moderna (Mod) and the Pfizer-Biotech (P-tech) vaccines contain genetic information for what SARS-CoV-2-viral component?

spike protein

levels of circulating antibodies such as IgG decreases because of their usual half-life in the blood?

After injection into the body all 3 vaccines stimulates the activity of what type of immune cells to create immunity?

All of the above

What immune system response would a mild breakthrough infection by the Omnicorn-variant SARS-Cov-2 most likely cause in a fully covid vaccinated person.

The infection will give an additional increase in the overall immune response

What “type” of hypersensitivity is the human reaction to poison ivy?

Type IV

What “chemical mediator” is released during the reaction to poison ivy, and where is the chemical active?

IL-33 the skin’s nerve cell

What component of posion ivy causes the itchy skin to reaction?

an allergen in the sap called urushiol

In the research trails, how was the itch response dismissed or eliminated in the test time?

antibodies against the active chemical mediator and antibodies against the nerve receptor prevented the itch

How does the author propose to help hospitals use the most effective antibiotic available to treat patients with bacterial pneumonia?

allow reimbursement for the use of the most effective antibiotic, and provide incentives for new antibiotics research and development

Approximately how many vaccines and antiviral treatments are currently in development to reduce hospitalization due to the SARS-CoV2 virus?

more than 80

If antibiotics are known not to be effective against virus infections why would there be a need to use antibiotics with the virus

Many COVID infections can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia, requiring effective antibiotic treatment

Why are hospital discouraged from using new antibiotics from treating antibiotic resistents infections assocatied with serious COVID infection?

The hospitals don’t get reimbursed for using the sometimes very expensive new antibiotics

Cases of scarlet fever have been rising in many countries around the globe

True

The causative agent of Scarelt Fever is

Sterptococcus pyogenus

The causative agent of Scarlet fever can also cause

All of the above

The cause of scarlet fever is most often spread by

saliva droplets released by coughing and sneezing

Serious complication that can arise due to scarlet fever infection include

rheumatic fever

Scarelt fever is successfully treated with

anitbiotics

The 3 vaccines in the “tripledemic” are

respiratory syncytial virus, influenzavirus, SARS-CoV-2

These tripledemic viruses the risk for the co-infection. What is meant by “co-infection”?

an individual can be infected with 2 or more of these viruses

How does the flu season in 2020-21 compare to nearly all the other recent flu seasons?

nearly non-existent hardly any flu symptoms visit Doctor offices

RSV is an infectious viral diases that affects what body system?

The nasopharynx and lungs, its a respiratory virus

The ILI epidemiology data shows that outpatient visits for respiratory illness in the Fall of 2022

show a much earlier increase than most of the past 5 years

The location of the infection to be treated with an antibiotic it’s important because lipid-soluble drugs can reach higher levels in the tissue than they do in the blood serum

true

According to the Guide an antibiotic “breakpoint” is

the dilation of the antibiotic where bacteria began to show resistance to a specific concentration to an antibiotic

Only the effective MIC of an antibodies should be considered when prescribing the optimum antibiotic. Safety, ease of use, and cost should not be considered

False

The MIC or minimum inhibitory concentration is defined as

the lowest concentration (in ug/mL) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria

Antibiotic test shown as “Sensitve” implies that

the microorganism is sentive to the usual dosage that is tolerated by a patient

The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test (the one you used in micro lab this semester) is used to determine

whether a bacterial species is susceptible or resistant to any of the antibiotics tested

Lab test that determine antibiotic resistance imply that

the bacterial species isolated from an infected patient is NOT susceptible to that specific antibiotic

What danger did this individual case for the general population in his area

no danger for fully vaccinated children and adult— getting the recommended doses of polio vaccine in highly protective

Globally, the recent trend in vaccination rates for various diseases has been

going down for several diseases, including polio and measles

Vaccines hesitancy. I.e not getting recommended vaccination can afffect overall public health. Since this mainly concerns COVID vaccines, routes childhood have not been influenced by antivaxers

false

How is the poliovirus most commonly transmitted?

fecal-oral-usually contaminated food or water

Polio originating and spreading in the US population, was elimated in the US because of its high vaccination acceptance. What year was polio considered eradicated in the US

1979

The recent case of polio in NY involved a person who was previously vaccinated against the poliovirus

False