Microbiology Clicker question for Exam 4

69問 • 9ヶ月前

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通報

問題一覧

How many human cells comprise your body

3x10^13

How many microbiota cells do you carry?

3 x 10^14

How many different microbial habitats does your body have?

At least 100, probably more

Skin Area = 2sq meters. Mucous membrane area = ___ sq m

200x = 400cm^2

The skin reaction (rash) as a result of a tick bite is known as

Bull’s eye rash

This rash is a sign of what infectious disease?

Lyme disease

If you have a dangerous, contagious, infectious disease you should be

isolated

What components serve as adhesion? (Select all that apply)

pili , capsules , surface glycoproteins , surface polysaccharide , hemagglutinins

Phagocytes are what type of body cell?

most numerous white blood cell

What does the body use for iron (select all that apply)

hemoglobins , catalase enzyme , cytochromes , myoglobin

The most abundant WBC (leukocyte) in normal blood is the

neutrophil

A normal WBC count in blood is (select all that apply)

5000-10,000/ul , 5-10million/ul , 25-50 billion per person

What happens to the neutrophil count during bacterial infection

numbers go way up and activity increase

What happens to the neutrophil count during viral infection

numbers go down way below normal

How are therapeutic amounts of interferon obtained?

extracted from Chinese-hamster ovary cell culture

Why isn’t interferon used therapeutically to prevent cold and flu illnesses

treatment can make you feel very sick

The human body is extremely sensitive to anything bacterial and viral. We know this because

you’re Immune system strengthens just by hearing about someone you know has mono

When in development does ‘clonal deletion’ of B cells happen

Within a few weeks of birth

One plasma cell can synthesize more than _____ antibody molecules per hour

15 million

How many different antigens is your immune system prepared to react in your life time?

100 million

How does IgE cause allergy symptoms?

causes toxic levels of histamine to be released from basophiles and mast cells

What pathogenic microbe specifically targets CD4+ helper T-cells and destroys them—leading to serious diseases

HIV

The “booster” shot that is given a month or 2 after vaccination is meant to

stimulate a secondary response to the vaccine antigen

The symbiotic relationship in commensalism is best described as:

one partner benefits the other one doesn’t benefit and isn’t harmed

Symbiotic realtionship is parasitism is best described as:

one benefits at the expense (harm) of the other

The symbiotic relationship mutualism is best described as

both dervive some benefit from being together

Quarantine is best described as

when a well person that has been exposed to a contagious disease is separated from others for a specific period of time

Isolation is best described as

when a sick person with infectious disease symptoms is separated from other people

Infectious (disease) is best described

disease symptoms caused by growth of microorganism on or in the body

Contagious is best described as

specific diseases that can be spread from person to person

What best describes the difference between bacteremia and septicemia?

in septicemia the pathogen is actively growing in the blood; in bacteremia the blood is just transporting bacteria that growing elsewhere

What type of illnesses did Tom get while in the hospital for surgery?

surgical wound infection in his knee

What species caused his infection?

nosocomial strain of antibiotic resistant staphylococcus

The pathogenic species that caused Tom’s infection had to be somehow transmitted from its reservoir. Most likely in a hospital setting the reservoir for this particular species is

common surfaces that are frequently touched by others

MRSA strains that cause surgical wound infections are particularly dangerous in joints such as knee because

they are resistant to many of the common antibiotics and are not easily cured. leading to further complication

For joint infectious the standard treatment for this pathogen is

surgically opening the wound, cleaning it out, then using antibiotics

For Tom’s strain of MRSA what was the antibiotic of choice and how was it most likely administered to Tom

vancomycin, metered IV drip over 6 weeks

The outcome of Tom’s encounter with this one bacterial species in the hospital was

he recovered completely helped the Patriots win 3 more Super Bowl then moved to Tampa bay and won another

Which term represents number of past cases of diseases during a specific period of time e.g(all of) 2023

incidence

Which terms represent the current number of cases of the diseases

prevalence

Does “flattening the curve” refer to reducing covid-19’s prevalence or incidence

prevalence

What effect would flattening the curve of a disease like COVID-19 have on the incidence of the disease (in the absence of an effective vaccine)

incidence may stay the nearly the same, but spread out over a longer period of time

Considering a disease like COVID-19; what is better—an absolute 1-pill cure or an effective vaccine

effective vaccine prevents the diseases from ever happening no need for a pill

Immunoglobulin molecules as best described as

glycoproteins with 4 peptides arranged in a basic Y shape

The paratrooper of an immunoglobulin is the

the site on the antibody molecule that bind to the epitope of the antigen

Optimization refers to

enhancing phagocytosis

Neutralization is an immune component interaction that inactives what?

viruses,toxins,and bacterial pathogens

Natural killers cells, macrophages, and eosinophile are cytoxic meaning they can

kill virus infected cells and large pathogens

The immunoglobin (Ig) with a valence of 10 is

IgM

The Ig that can be secreted into mucus, saliva, tears etc is

IgA

The portion of the adaptive immune system that produces the soluble, circulating version of immune protection

humoral

Which type of cell is the lg factory, i.e. the one that produces the immunoglobulin

B Plasma cell

What best describes a substance known as an antigen

foreign, large molecule, immunogenic

How do specific anti-toxin antibodies “neutralized” toxins produce by bacteria to make them non-toxic to the body

they bind to the toxin preventing it from interacting with and damaging the target cell

In the antibody-antigen reaction known as “antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)” what is the main “effector cell” that secretes the cytoxin that kills the pathogenic bacteria?

natural killer cells

The clinical procedure for collecting sample for an antibody tiger for the SARS-CoV2 virus is

taking blood sample

The antibody test for the virus detects what immunoglobulin?

both IgM and IgG

How soon after Covid infection starts circulating antibodies be detected

5-6 days

What part of the coronavirus is most likely immunogenic and would stimulate active immunity against the virus?

the protein spikes sticking out from the envelope

How long does natural immunity last against the virus?

we don’t know-this is a new historical data to say for sure

What possible forms could an effective vaccine material be in to stimulate protective antibody level agasint any type of virus

any of these could be potential vaccine components

Serological test for antibody level in the population are important in a pandemic because

it may tell us the level of herd immunity in the population, important for return to work returning

In our free society in the US, could anyone actually required to get vaccinated against this cornovrius

yes rules can be made at the state and local level requiring people be vaccinated agasint specific disease, espically health care workers

What is a cytokine?

a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells in response to tissue or cell damage

Cardiac diseases is considered a(n)_____ (acute, or chronic) diseases with a CRP level greater than ____ mg/L indicating high risk

chronic 3

Where is CRP produced in the body?

in the liver

In what line of defense in C-reactive protein (CRP) considered a signficant component?

second line—innate immunity

Many of the conditions that stimulate CRP production do so by raising the level of the cytokine ______

interleukin 6

CRP is produced In response to what? (Choose all that apply)

inflammation due to bacterial infection , inflammation due to viral infection , malignant cancers , tissues injury , diabetes

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問題一覧

How many human cells comprise your body

3x10^13

How many microbiota cells do you carry?

3 x 10^14

How many different microbial habitats does your body have?

At least 100, probably more

Skin Area = 2sq meters. Mucous membrane area = ___ sq m

200x = 400cm^2

The skin reaction (rash) as a result of a tick bite is known as

Bull’s eye rash

This rash is a sign of what infectious disease?

Lyme disease

If you have a dangerous, contagious, infectious disease you should be

isolated

What components serve as adhesion? (Select all that apply)

pili , capsules , surface glycoproteins , surface polysaccharide , hemagglutinins

Phagocytes are what type of body cell?

most numerous white blood cell

What does the body use for iron (select all that apply)

hemoglobins , catalase enzyme , cytochromes , myoglobin

The most abundant WBC (leukocyte) in normal blood is the

neutrophil

A normal WBC count in blood is (select all that apply)

5000-10,000/ul , 5-10million/ul , 25-50 billion per person

What happens to the neutrophil count during bacterial infection

numbers go way up and activity increase

What happens to the neutrophil count during viral infection

numbers go down way below normal

How are therapeutic amounts of interferon obtained?

extracted from Chinese-hamster ovary cell culture

Why isn’t interferon used therapeutically to prevent cold and flu illnesses

treatment can make you feel very sick

The human body is extremely sensitive to anything bacterial and viral. We know this because

you’re Immune system strengthens just by hearing about someone you know has mono

When in development does ‘clonal deletion’ of B cells happen

Within a few weeks of birth

One plasma cell can synthesize more than _____ antibody molecules per hour

15 million

How many different antigens is your immune system prepared to react in your life time?

100 million

How does IgE cause allergy symptoms?

causes toxic levels of histamine to be released from basophiles and mast cells

What pathogenic microbe specifically targets CD4+ helper T-cells and destroys them—leading to serious diseases

HIV

The “booster” shot that is given a month or 2 after vaccination is meant to

stimulate a secondary response to the vaccine antigen

The symbiotic relationship in commensalism is best described as:

one partner benefits the other one doesn’t benefit and isn’t harmed

Symbiotic realtionship is parasitism is best described as:

one benefits at the expense (harm) of the other

The symbiotic relationship mutualism is best described as

both dervive some benefit from being together

Quarantine is best described as

when a well person that has been exposed to a contagious disease is separated from others for a specific period of time

Isolation is best described as

when a sick person with infectious disease symptoms is separated from other people

Infectious (disease) is best described

disease symptoms caused by growth of microorganism on or in the body

Contagious is best described as

specific diseases that can be spread from person to person

What best describes the difference between bacteremia and septicemia?

in septicemia the pathogen is actively growing in the blood; in bacteremia the blood is just transporting bacteria that growing elsewhere

What type of illnesses did Tom get while in the hospital for surgery?

surgical wound infection in his knee

What species caused his infection?

nosocomial strain of antibiotic resistant staphylococcus

The pathogenic species that caused Tom’s infection had to be somehow transmitted from its reservoir. Most likely in a hospital setting the reservoir for this particular species is

common surfaces that are frequently touched by others

MRSA strains that cause surgical wound infections are particularly dangerous in joints such as knee because

they are resistant to many of the common antibiotics and are not easily cured. leading to further complication

For joint infectious the standard treatment for this pathogen is

surgically opening the wound, cleaning it out, then using antibiotics

For Tom’s strain of MRSA what was the antibiotic of choice and how was it most likely administered to Tom

vancomycin, metered IV drip over 6 weeks

The outcome of Tom’s encounter with this one bacterial species in the hospital was

he recovered completely helped the Patriots win 3 more Super Bowl then moved to Tampa bay and won another

Which term represents number of past cases of diseases during a specific period of time e.g(all of) 2023

incidence

Which terms represent the current number of cases of the diseases

prevalence

Does “flattening the curve” refer to reducing covid-19’s prevalence or incidence

prevalence

What effect would flattening the curve of a disease like COVID-19 have on the incidence of the disease (in the absence of an effective vaccine)

incidence may stay the nearly the same, but spread out over a longer period of time

Considering a disease like COVID-19; what is better—an absolute 1-pill cure or an effective vaccine

effective vaccine prevents the diseases from ever happening no need for a pill

Immunoglobulin molecules as best described as

glycoproteins with 4 peptides arranged in a basic Y shape

The paratrooper of an immunoglobulin is the

the site on the antibody molecule that bind to the epitope of the antigen

Optimization refers to

enhancing phagocytosis

Neutralization is an immune component interaction that inactives what?

viruses,toxins,and bacterial pathogens

Natural killers cells, macrophages, and eosinophile are cytoxic meaning they can

kill virus infected cells and large pathogens

The immunoglobin (Ig) with a valence of 10 is

IgM

The Ig that can be secreted into mucus, saliva, tears etc is

IgA

The portion of the adaptive immune system that produces the soluble, circulating version of immune protection

humoral

Which type of cell is the lg factory, i.e. the one that produces the immunoglobulin

B Plasma cell

What best describes a substance known as an antigen

foreign, large molecule, immunogenic

How do specific anti-toxin antibodies “neutralized” toxins produce by bacteria to make them non-toxic to the body

they bind to the toxin preventing it from interacting with and damaging the target cell

In the antibody-antigen reaction known as “antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)” what is the main “effector cell” that secretes the cytoxin that kills the pathogenic bacteria?

natural killer cells

The clinical procedure for collecting sample for an antibody tiger for the SARS-CoV2 virus is

taking blood sample

The antibody test for the virus detects what immunoglobulin?

both IgM and IgG

How soon after Covid infection starts circulating antibodies be detected

5-6 days

What part of the coronavirus is most likely immunogenic and would stimulate active immunity against the virus?

the protein spikes sticking out from the envelope

How long does natural immunity last against the virus?

we don’t know-this is a new historical data to say for sure

What possible forms could an effective vaccine material be in to stimulate protective antibody level agasint any type of virus

any of these could be potential vaccine components

Serological test for antibody level in the population are important in a pandemic because

it may tell us the level of herd immunity in the population, important for return to work returning

In our free society in the US, could anyone actually required to get vaccinated against this cornovrius

yes rules can be made at the state and local level requiring people be vaccinated agasint specific disease, espically health care workers

What is a cytokine?

a chemical mediator (stimulus) of inflammation that is released by cells in response to tissue or cell damage

Cardiac diseases is considered a(n)_____ (acute, or chronic) diseases with a CRP level greater than ____ mg/L indicating high risk

chronic 3

Where is CRP produced in the body?

in the liver

In what line of defense in C-reactive protein (CRP) considered a signficant component?

second line—innate immunity

Many of the conditions that stimulate CRP production do so by raising the level of the cytokine ______

interleukin 6

CRP is produced In response to what? (Choose all that apply)

inflammation due to bacterial infection , inflammation due to viral infection , malignant cancers , tissues injury , diabetes