Maintain a reservoir, leave reservoir and enter host, adhere to surface of host, invade the body of the host, evade the body’s defenses. multiply within the body, leave the body and return to reservoir

Sick individual (smallpox) , healthy carriers , chronic carriers

Zoonosis

soil , water

conjuctivia , nose , mouth , skin , urethra , vagina , placenta

infectious dose , leathal dose

continual

AIDS , Gonorrhea , Influenza

Rabies , Lyme disease , Influenza

Botulism , Tetanus

transmission by a reservoir that is ingested (food/water)

arthropods, espically fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, lice and files, and mites

arthoprods carries pathogen on feet or mouth parts

pathogen reproduces in vectors

respiratory droplets , formites , direct contact , fecal—oral route , airborne , arthropods , parenteral

most common method of transmission , spread rapidly

any inanimate object

sexually transmitted diseases , kissing, saliva , vertical transmission

Both

body contact

food , water , formite , vector

suspended in air , survive drying

direct entrance (blood vessel, tissue below the skin, mucous membrane) , arthropods vectors , needles or sharp object

put into hostpial room with limited acces

only for well person-someone with suspected exposure, not sick yet but may develop diseases

it overcomes a defense mechanism

penetration into tissues , penetration into cells

False

process where foreign substances are eaten and specialized cells

polysaccharide cover , essential for pathogencicty in certain strains , prevents phagocytosis

interfere with contact between cell and phagocytosis

mutation which changes pathogens surface antigens

enzyme which break down protective antibodies

blocks the complement system

phagocytosis , immune system , obtaining iron

pathogensis

enterotoxin , neurotoxin , cytotoxin

damage; inflammation

cell death, tissue damage

stimulates intentional cells to secrete fluid, causes watery diarrhea-increases chance of spreading to new host

symptoms similar to shiqella dysenteriea dysentary (bloody diarrhea) which destroys the lining of the intestines

rigid contraction of skeletal muscles(aka lockjaw)—toxin causes constant synapse firing (tetani)

flaccid (limp) muscles paralysis—toxin prevents nerve firing at synapses

kills cells in the throat which causes systemic damage and death (diagraphm stops working)

distrupts cellular regulation= damage to mucous membrane lining of bronchia , causes severe inflammatory response, constricted airway, persistent cough

gram negative pathogen

A

cell lysed

septic shock