問題一覧
1
Pathology is best described as
the study of disease
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What is Etiology is best described as
the study of the cause of a disease
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Pathogensis is best described as
the development of disease
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Infection is best described as
is the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganism
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Disease is described as
occurs when an infection results in any change from a state of health
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Infectious disease is best described as?
the presence of a particular type of microorganism in a part of the body where it is not normally found
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What type of microbita may be present for days,weeks, or months
transient
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What type of microbiota permanently colonize the host?
normal
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Host is known as what micrbotia?
resident
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Symbiosis is known as ____?
the relationship between normal microbiota and the host
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commensalism is best described?
one organism is benefited and the other is unaffected
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Mutualism is known as
both organism benefits
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Paratisism is known as
one organism is benefited at the expense of the other
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Opportunistic pathogens are known as
pathogens that don’t cause diseases in their normal habitat in a healthy person but they may do so in a different environment
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microbial antagonism is best known as
is a competition between microbes
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Normal microbita protected by the host by (select all that apply)
occupying niches (competing for nutrients and producing harmful substance harmful to the invading microbes) that pathogen might occupy , producing acids , producing bacterions (protiens that inhibit the growth of other bacteria of the same/closely related species)
17
Probiotics is best described as:
live microbes applied to or ingested into the body, intended to exert a beneficial effect
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Microorganism normally present only on what type of surfaces of the body?
external and internal
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External surfaces include
both
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Internal surfaces (select that all apply)
nose , mouth , vagina , intensinal tact , urethra
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Bacteria cells outnumber your cells by how much
3:1
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Bacterial genes outnumber your genes by how much?
>300:1
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Human metabolic features is best described as?
combination of human and microbial traits
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Microbiota is best described as
microorganism that live inside and on humans
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Microbiome is best described as
all the genomes (species) of the differentt microbial symptoms
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What are the benefits of the normal flora? Select all that apply
synthesize and excrete vitamins , prevent colonization by pathogens , many antagonize other bacteria , stimulate the development of certain tissue , stimulate the production of cross-reactive antibodies
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Mice raised in a germ—free environment display:
decreased nutrients absorption , less developed intestines , vatimin deficiency , underdeveloped immune system , heightened sensitity to pathogens
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What are the nonspecific surfaces defense for structural? (Select all that apply)
skin , mucous membranes
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What are the nonspecific surface defense for mechanical? (Select all that apply)
tears , mucocillairy system , flushing, ie urine flow
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What are the nonspecific surfaces defenses for biochemical? (Select all that apply)
dryness , fatty acids acidity , lysozyme , bile
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What are the limiting factors of normal biota—skin? (Select all that apply)
dryness , pH 3.5-5.5 , fatty acids at puberty
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Symptom is best described as?
a change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease
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Sign is best described as?
a change in a body that can measured or observed as a result of diseases
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Syndrome is best described as?
a specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
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Communicable diseases is best describe as
a disease that is spread from one host to another
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Contagious diseases is best described as?
a disease that is easily spread from one host to another
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Non-communicable disease:
a diseases that is not transmitted from one host to another
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Incidence is best described as
fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time
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Prevalence is best described as?
fraction of a population having a specific diseases at a given time
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Sporadic diseases is best described as?
diseases that occurs occasionally in a population
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Endemic disease is best described as?
disease constantly present in a population
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Epidemic disease is best described as?
disease acquired by many host in a given area in a short time
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Pandemic disease is best described as?
worldwide epidemic
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Herd immunity is best described as
immunity in most of population
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Acute disease is
symptoms develop rapidly
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Chronic disease is
disease develops slowly
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Subacute disease is when
symptoms between acute and chronic
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Latent disease is best described as
disease with a period of no symptoms when the pathogen is inactive
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Local infection is best described as?
pathogens are limited to a small area of the body
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Systemic infection is best described as
an infection throughout the body
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Focal infection is best described as
systemic infection that began as local infection
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Bacteremia is best described as
bacteria in the blood
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Septicemia is best described as
growth of bacteria in the blood and spread throughout the blood
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Toxemia is best described as
toxins in the blood
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Viremia is best described as
viruses in the blood
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Primary infection is best described as
acute infection that causes the initial illness
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Secondary infection is best described as
opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection
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Subclinical diseases is best described as
no noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection)
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What is the first stage of a disease graphic?
incubation period (no signs of symptoms), prodromal period (mild signs of symptoms), period of illness (most severe signs and symptoms), period of decline, and period of convalencecene