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refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.

Data Communication

process of sending digital or analog data over a communication medium to one or more computing, network, communication or electronic devices.

Data Transmission

a connection point for data transmissions on a communications network that can function as a redistribution point or an endpoint.

Node

the media (equipment or tools) that connects all nodes.

Communication Media

is a computer that retrieves information from or uses resources provided by the server or main computer

Client

a computer that is accessible over a network and it can be a client or server

Host

the node that gives workstations the same information.

Server

which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level.

Protocol

several architectures which all require a different OS: Desktop PCs

Parallel, Distributed, Clustered, Real time, Embedded

two types of electronic devices that are used in networking system but each has different capabilities.

Hub and Router

is a device that is used for connecting various Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.

Hub

device that allow computers to communicate of pass information between two networks. It stands for networking device that data packets between computer network

Router

numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

IP Address

normally expressed in dotted-decimal format, with four numbers separated by periods

IP Address

IP ADDRESS for LAN used

Private

IP Address use for Internet or Wan

Public

uses 32 bits to create a single unique address on the network. It is expressed by four numbers separated by dots. Each number is the decimal (bas-10) representation for an eight-digit binary (base-2) number, also called octet.

IP Version 4 (IPv4)

uses 128 bits to create a single unique address on the network. expressed by eight groups of hexadecimal (base-16) numbers separated by colons.

IP Version 6 (IPv6)

reserved for you statically and don't change over time. the one being assigned by yourself by editing the network settings. considered somewhat less secure than dynamic IP addresses, since they are easier to track for data mining purposes.

Static IP Address

can change each time you connect to the Internet, Is the most common IP address. is active for a limited time. If the lease expires, the computer will automatically request for a new lease. is used in large networks where computers are frequently reconfigured, or where a limited number of IP address are available to share between many computers.

Dynamic IP Address

The second item, which is required for TCP/IP to work, mask is used by the TCP/IP protocol to determine whether a host is on the local subnet or on a remote network.

Subnet Mask

are allocated by the InterNIC (http://www.internic.net ), the organization that administers the Internet

IP Address

used a default subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 and have 0-126 as their first octet. The address 10.52.36.11. Its first octet is 10, which is between 1 and 126, inclusive.

Class A Networks

used a default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 and have 128-191 as their first octet. The address 172.16.52.63. Its first octet is 172, which is between 128 and 191, inclusive.

Class B Address

used a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 and have 192-223 as their first octet. The address 192.168.123.132 is a class C address. Its first octet is 192, which is between 192 and 223, inclusive.

Class C Networks

the most popular Local Area Network architecture that was jointly developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation and Xerox Corporation. It consists of certain specifications and standards as well as hardware devices and components. provides services corresponding to physical layer and data link layer of the OSI reference model.

Ethernet

A single LAN specification that operate at 10 Mbps over coaxial Ethernet 10base2 or 10base5 cable.

Ethernet 10 Mbps

A single LAN specification, also known as Fast Ethernet that operates at 100 Mbps over UTP Ethernet cable.

100 Mbps Ethernet

A single LAN specification, also known as Gigabit Ethernet that operates at 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps) over fiber optics and twisted pair Ethernet cables.

1000 Mbps Ethernet

uses the existing IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD specification. retains the IEEE 802.3 frame format, size and error-detection mechanism. In addition, it supports all applications and networking software currently running on 802.3 networks. maintains dual speeds of 10 and 100 Mbps using Fast Link Pulses (FLPs).

100BaseT

supports two signaling types:  100BaseX  4T+

100BaseT

signaling scheme has a convergence sublayer that adapts the full duplex continuous signaling mechanism of the FDDI Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) layer to the half duplex, start-stop signaling of the Ethernet MAC sublayer.

100BaseX

signaling scheme uses one pair of wires for collision detection and the other three pairs to transmit data

4T+

This device caries signals between computers and can be one of three 100BaseT media types:  100BaseTX  100BaseFX  100BaseT4

Physical Medium

a mechanical and electrical interface between the transmission medium and the physical layer device.

Medium Dependent Interface (MDI)

provides either 10 or 100 Mbps operation and can be a set of integrated circuits (or a daughter board) on a Ethernet port, or an external device supplied with an MII cable that plugs into an MII port on a 100BaseT device (similar to a 10 Mbps Ethernet transceiver).

Physical Layer Device

used with a 100 Mbps external transceiver to attach a 100 Mbps Ethernet device to several of these three media types. has a 40 pin plug and cable that stretches up to 0.5 meters.

Media Independent Interface (MII)

used to mediate between ethernet (or other broadcast link-level protocols) and the network layer, or IP protocols

ARP

most popular physical layer LAN technology in use today. It defines the number of conductors that are required for a connection, the performance thresholds that can be expected, and provides the framework for data transmission.

Ethernet

standard (IEEE 802.3u) has been established for Ethernet networks that need higher transmission speeds. This standard raises the Ethernet speed limit from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps with only minimal changes to the existing cable structure.

Fast Ethernet

was developed to meet the need for faster communication networks with applications such as multimedia and Voice over IP (VoIP). Also known as “gigabit-Ethernet-over-copper” or 1000Base-T, is a version of Ethernet that runs at speeds 10 times faster than 100Base-T.

Gigabit Ethernet

the fastest and most recent of the Ethernet standards. IEEE 802.3ae defines a version of Ethernet with a nominal rate of 10Gbits/s that makes it 10 times faster than Gigabit Ethernet.

10 Gigabit Ethernet

a cell-based fast-packet communication technique that can support data-transfer rates from sub-T1 speeds to 10 Gbps.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

solution in which an electrical current is run to networking hardware over the Ethernet Category 5 cable or higher. This solution does not require an extra AC power cord at the product location.

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

most often used to describe Ethernet Layer 2 data units, or Token Ring Layer 2, or Frame Relay Layer 2, or T-carrier Layer 1 data units.

Frames

sometimes loosely referred to as Packets, but the term "packets" should only be used to describe layer 3 IP data units.

Frames

connectors on each end that are terminated the same in accordance with either the T568A or T568B standards.

Straight Through UTP Cables

For two devices to communicate through a cable that is directly connected between the two, the transmit terminal of one device needs to be connected to the receive terminal of the other device.

Crossover UTP Cables

is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a server.

LAN

is a computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).

MAN

is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance.

WAN

an IP address that was manually configured for a device.

STATIC IP

automatically configured IP address assigned by a DHCP server to every new network node.

DYNAMIC IP

is a logical subdivision of an IP network

SUBNET

special Internet Protocol (IP) address used to transmit messages and data packets to network systems.

BROADCAST ADDRESS

numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

IP ADDRESS

an identifier for a node or network interface of a telecommunications network.

NETWORK ADDRESS

LAYER 1: PHYSICAL is a network device that is used to regenerate or replicate signals that are weakened or distorted by transmission over long distances and through areas with high levels of electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Repeater

LAYER 1: PHYSICAL common connection point for devices in a network. are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN.

Hub

Layer 2 – Data Link a computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network, by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device.

Switches

LAYER 2 - Data Link a device that separates two or more network segments within one logical network.

Bridges

Layer 2 - Data Link a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

NICS

Layer 3 – Network a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

Routers

Layer 3 - Network is a node (router) in a computer network, a key stopping point for data on its way to or from other networks.

Gateway

Layer 3 - Network is a specialized hardware device used in network routing.

Layer 3 Switches

The means through which data is transformed from one place to another

Transmission Media

are the physical links through which signals are confined to narrow path. These are also called guide media. are made up of external conductor (Usually copper) bounded by jacket material.

Bounded Media

Types of Bounded Media : is very common and widely used communication media. Example TV wire. gets its name because it contains two conductors that are parallel to each other. The center conductor in the cable is usually copper.

Coaxial Cable

Types of Bounded Media: The most popular network cabling. It is light weight, easy to install, inexpensive and support many different types of network. It also supports the speed of 100 mbps. is made of pairs of solid or stranded copper twisted along each other.

Twisted Pairs Cable

Two Types of Twisted Pairs Cabling is more common. It can be either voice grade or data grade depending on the condition. cable normally has an impedance of 100 ohms. cost less than STP and easily available due to its many use. cables consist of 2 or 4 pairs of twisted cable. Cable with 2-pair use RJ-11 connector and 4-pair cable use RJ-45 connector.

UTP

Two Types of Twisted Pairs Cabling It is similar to UTP but has a mesh shielding that’s protects it from EMI which allows for higher transmission rate.

STP

uses light signals to transmit data. light only moves in one direction for two-way communication to take place a second connection must be made between the two devices. It is actually two stands of cable.

Fiber Optics Cable

Network Topologies: network design or layout (physical and logical)

Topology

Network Topologies: means how you see the network.

Physical

Network Topologies: means how data is being transferred in a network.

Layout

4 Major Types of Network Topology: is a network topology in which all of the various devices in the network are connected to a single cable or line

Bus Topology

4 Major Types of Network Topology No beginning nor ending point. Data transmit from node to node until it reaches its destination.

Ring Topology

4 Major Types of Network Topology: multiple nodes are attached to a central device like switch or router.

Star Topology

4 Major Types of Network Topology: combination of any of the three nodes.

Mesh Topology

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