methods and models used in enterprise application integration, the need for application integration and challenges in integration.

refers to techniques for combining existing software components to form a complete system.

includes at least one existing software system, developed in the past with no plan for its symmetric integration with another component in the future.

deals with an integration approaches and techniques that connect different components of IT infrastructure- people, applications, platforms and databases to enable a secure, intra and inter application collaboration.

enable an organization to integrate business processes internally and externally with business partners to create dynamic environments that supports current and evolving business requirements, thereby creating a global organization.

assists in unlimited sharing of data and business processes among any connected applications or data sources in without making major changes to the applications or data structures.

is the process of connecting multiple, independently developed applications using incompatible technologies into a single organization wide system with information flowing seamlessly among the integrated systems or components.

is the process of combining separate applications into cooperating collections of application.

is the communication between a set of heterogeneous systems that are integrated together.

which put together many heterogeneous set of subsystems and the produced objects are extremely different, yet should contribute to the same process.

Given two or more systems, subsystems or components, each of which function properly (satisfying their requirement within their environment).

Given a software system, this may have been functioning properly in the field for a significant period.

The problem is to integrate them into one larger system satisfying the combined requirements within the newly formed environment.

The problem is to integrate a new function or a new technology within the system.

should provide the new functionality or use the new technology, while preserving the original system functionality.

A software system can be developed and delivered using available technologies and with less functionality than it is intended to finally provide.

Sometimes an existing and properly functioning software system must be decomposed and integrated to carry out modification.

defines how applications will be integrated by defining the nature of and mechanisms for integration.

Some of the methods used for application integration are discussed in the following section. These models include; 3 ANSWERS

allows the integration of new software through the existing presentations of the legacy software.

This is typically used to create a new user interface but may be used to integrate with other applications.

allows the integration of software through access to the data that is created, managed and stored by the software typically for the purposes of reusing or synchronizing data across applications.

allows the integration of software for the purpose of invoking existing functionality from other new or existing applications. The integration is done through interfaces to the software.

needs to provide efficient, reliable and secure data exchange between multiple enterprises applications.

Integration solutions have to transport data from one computer to another across networks.

in the worst case, every application runs on a completely separate environment, e.g., database storage is not shared among applications.

Sending data across a network is multiple orders of magnitude slower than making a local method call.

each application implements its own data model.

Applications change over time. An integration solution has to keep pace with changes in the applications it connects.

is an integration framework composed of a collection of technologies and services which form a middleware or "middleware framework" to enable integration of systems and applications across organizations.

one application writes a file that another later reads.

multiple applications share the same database schema, located in a single physical database.

one application exposes some of its functionality so that it can be accessed remotely by other applications as a remote procedure.

one application publishes a message to a common message channel. Other applications can read the message from the channel at a later time.

fast changing work-processes and workflows need flexible access to functions and data. High barriers between systems are falling or changing to small boundaries as modularity is growing

where functions and data have to be used across systems, middleware speeds development and changes (in the long term, but not necessarily in the short term).

the of building and maintaining unique one-to-one integration between systems is rapidly growing for larger systems.

as methods and interfaces are re-used, fewer components and skills are needed.

as more and more data are used across systems and different work processes, a system integration architecture and some middleware solutions ensure the data integrity across systems and situations of use.

easy and secure access to information across systems opens up opportunities for new products, especially on new delivery platforms.

you can replace a sub-system from vendor A by an equivalent system from vendor B, without having to reconfigure the rest of the system.

as common ways of achieving integration are established, the organization gets a better ; both due to the standardization and to the needed repository of information about systems, functions, data, integrations, interfaces and metadata..

standardization allows technical planning departments to use tools which will make the planning process much easier.

an understanding of the workflows in which the operators are involved will become more necessary in the future than today.

provides input & output for the system;

the “brains” of the system;

the memory or content of the system (databases and fileservers).

the physical place where data are put.

A _________ is a formal language that specifies a set of instruction that can be used to produce various kinds of output. _______________ generally consist of instructions for a computer.

A ________ is a programming language that supports scripts: programs written for a special runtime environment that automate the execution of tasks that could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator. _______ are often interpreted (rather than compiled).

It's a Compiler-based language

It an interpreter based language

developing anything needful from scratch

to combine existing components

the _______ are compiled into a more compact form that does not need to be interpreted by another application in the same way. The compiled result is stand-alone.

are interpreted within another program (like JavaScript is put within HTML and then interpreted by the browser)

they run independent of a parent program or exterior

designed to give full usage of a language

one shot conversion

it creates a .exe file

program compilation is necessary

is making a full code of program

harder to code. needs numerous lines of code each function

are complex

takes longer to develop as more code needs to be written

does not require a host. is self-executable

C, C++, C#, Java, VC++, VB, Basic, COBOL, Pascal, etc.

JavaScript, VB Script, Shell, Perl, Python, Ruby, Rexx, PHP, GameMonkey, Lua, etc.

requires a host

takes less time to code as it needs less coding

are easy to use and easy to write

easier to code. needs only a few short lines of code for each function.

are just a piece of code

no need to compile the program

does not create a .exe file

line by line conversion

designed to make coding fast and simple

is a core concept of an object-oriented paradigm that provides a way to perform a single action in different forms.

is not a type-safe language, we can pass any type of data members with the methods.

means Ability to call the same method on different objects and each object responds in different way is called

many

change from one form to another

is used to describe creation of something without previous planning. In other words,it means to change something from one form to another on the spot.

says that different types are interchangeable because types doesn't matter at all.

involves creating derivative objects from a parent object.

It’s can be called Inclusion Polymorphism, Subclassing, or Inheritance.