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LESSON 1 - CYCLE OF ATP - ADP

LESSON 1 - CYCLE OF ATP - ADP
38問 • 1年前
  • Aia Dale
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    • Provides power/energy to our body. • Referred to as "Energy Currency"

    ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  • 2

    ATP is composed of what?

    Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate (Triphosphate)

  • 3

    Chemical reaction where a molecule is split apart by water.

    Hydrolysis

  • 4

    How does hydrolysis works?

    •ATP release energy through heat •Proteins use ATP's energy to change shape and perform different types of work.

  • 5

    it is a proteins shape change

    Phosphorylation

  • 6

    Adding a phosphate group (Pi) to change the proteins shape and activate it.

    Phosphorylation

  • 7

    ADO + Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) = ___

    ATP

  • 8

    Removing a phosphate group from a protein can deactivate it or change its shape again.

    Dephosphorylation

  • 9

    ATP - Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) = ____

    ADP

  • 10

    TYPES OF MECHANICAL WORK

    •Mechanical Work •Transport Work •Chemical Work

  • 11

    Type of Work ATP phosphorylates motor proteins, allowing them to generate movement

    Mechanical Work

  • 12

    Types of Work ATP phosphorylates transport proteins to move substances across the cell membrane

    Transport Work

  • 13

    Types of Work • ATP phosphorylates key reactants, providing the energy needed for chemical reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones.

    Chemical Work

  • 14

    _______ is the process of making more ATP, which is the molecule cells use for energy.

    ATP Regeneration

  • 15

    • ATP is a renewable, it can be regenerated by the addition of ____ to ____. • ATP regeneration happens very fast (10M molecules of ATP used and regenerated per sec.)

    phosphate, ADP

  • 16

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation

    • Substrate-level Phosphorylation • Oxidative Phosphorylation • Photophosphorylation

  • 17

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation contributes to ATP regeneration by directly transferring a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs in enzymes

    Substrate-level Phosphorylation

  • 18

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation is a process that takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP is regenerated through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

  • 19

    Three types of phosphorylation • is the process by which ATP is regenerated during photosynthesis in plants, occurring in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

    Photophosphorylation

  • 20

    • Process where energy released from ATP is used to drive another reaction that requires energy.

    Energy Coupling

  • 21

    • These reactions releases/provides energy to happen.

    Exergonic Reactions

  • 22

    • These reactions require energy to happen

    Endergonic Reactions

  • 23

    _______ is a technique of separating two or more dissolved solids which are present in a solution in very small quantities. • It moves a solvent through a medium (like paper), where different components travel at different rates. • Commonly applied in identifying chemicals in food, drugs, and plant pigments.

    Chromatography

  • 24

    ____ are molecules responsible for the colors we see in plants, animals, and other materials.

    Pigments

  • 25

    _______ is the green pigment that enables plants to absorb sunlight and convert it into energy during photosynthesis. It specifically absorbs light from the blue and red parts of the light spectrum and reflects green, giving plants their green color.

    Chlorophyll

  • 26

    Photosynthetic Pigment _______ • Act as primary pigment • Participate directly in light dependent reaction • Convert light energy to chemical energy

    Chlorophyll A

  • 27

    Photosynthetic pigments ____________ • Act as accesory pigment • Captured light and transfer it to chlorophyll a • Then initiates the light dependent reactions.

    Chlorophyll B

  • 28

    •Work alongside chlorophyll to capture additional light wavelengths that chlorophyll alone cannot absorb efficiently. •Broaden the spectrum of light that plants can use for photosynthesis. •More pigments = More glucose or food for the plant.

    Accessory Pigment

  • 29

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Absorb blue-green light and help chlorophyll a by capturing more energy. •Water-soluble and stored in the plant cell's vacuole. •Responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in plants, such as in apples, grapes, and fall leaves.

    Anthocyanin

  • 30

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Red, yellow, and orange pigments. •Absorb light in the 400-500 nm range, which includes blue and green light. •Responsible for the bright colors of carrots, tomatoes, and autumn leaves

    Carotenoids

  • 31

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Subclass of carotenoids and are yellow pigments that absorb light at different wavelengths. •Responsible for the yellow colors in leaves and other parts of plants, such as corn.

    Xanthophylls

  • 32

    • When light energy is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule its electrons gain energy and move to higher energy levels in the molecule

    Photoexcitation

  • 33

    • A ______ is a protein-pigment complex found in the thylakoid (membranes of chloroplasts) • A ______ is like a tiny solar panel in plants that helps them turn sunlight into energy

    Photosystem

  • 34

    Each photosystem contains: _______ • This consists of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments (like carotenoids) that absorb light energy and transfer it to the reaction center>

    Antenna Complex

  • 35

    Each photosystem contains: _______ • A specialized pair of chlorophyll molecules where the absorbed light energy is converted into high-energy electrons.

    Reaction Center

  • 36

    Types of Photosystem Photosystem 1 • The chlorophyll a in the reaction center effectively absorbs light with a wavelength of __nm and does called P___

    700,700

  • 37

    Types of Photosystem Photosystem 2 • The chlorophyll a in the reaction center effectively absorbs light with a wavelength of ___nm and does called ___

    680,P680

  • 38

    (NADP+) meaning • NADPH (reduced form)

    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    • Provides power/energy to our body. • Referred to as "Energy Currency"

    ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

  • 2

    ATP is composed of what?

    Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate (Triphosphate)

  • 3

    Chemical reaction where a molecule is split apart by water.

    Hydrolysis

  • 4

    How does hydrolysis works?

    •ATP release energy through heat •Proteins use ATP's energy to change shape and perform different types of work.

  • 5

    it is a proteins shape change

    Phosphorylation

  • 6

    Adding a phosphate group (Pi) to change the proteins shape and activate it.

    Phosphorylation

  • 7

    ADO + Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) = ___

    ATP

  • 8

    Removing a phosphate group from a protein can deactivate it or change its shape again.

    Dephosphorylation

  • 9

    ATP - Pi (Inorganic Phosphate) = ____

    ADP

  • 10

    TYPES OF MECHANICAL WORK

    •Mechanical Work •Transport Work •Chemical Work

  • 11

    Type of Work ATP phosphorylates motor proteins, allowing them to generate movement

    Mechanical Work

  • 12

    Types of Work ATP phosphorylates transport proteins to move substances across the cell membrane

    Transport Work

  • 13

    Types of Work • ATP phosphorylates key reactants, providing the energy needed for chemical reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones.

    Chemical Work

  • 14

    _______ is the process of making more ATP, which is the molecule cells use for energy.

    ATP Regeneration

  • 15

    • ATP is a renewable, it can be regenerated by the addition of ____ to ____. • ATP regeneration happens very fast (10M molecules of ATP used and regenerated per sec.)

    phosphate, ADP

  • 16

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation

    • Substrate-level Phosphorylation • Oxidative Phosphorylation • Photophosphorylation

  • 17

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation contributes to ATP regeneration by directly transferring a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP. It occurs in enzymes

    Substrate-level Phosphorylation

  • 18

    The Three Types of Phosphorylation is a process that takes place in the mitochondria, where ATP is regenerated through the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

  • 19

    Three types of phosphorylation • is the process by which ATP is regenerated during photosynthesis in plants, occurring in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

    Photophosphorylation

  • 20

    • Process where energy released from ATP is used to drive another reaction that requires energy.

    Energy Coupling

  • 21

    • These reactions releases/provides energy to happen.

    Exergonic Reactions

  • 22

    • These reactions require energy to happen

    Endergonic Reactions

  • 23

    _______ is a technique of separating two or more dissolved solids which are present in a solution in very small quantities. • It moves a solvent through a medium (like paper), where different components travel at different rates. • Commonly applied in identifying chemicals in food, drugs, and plant pigments.

    Chromatography

  • 24

    ____ are molecules responsible for the colors we see in plants, animals, and other materials.

    Pigments

  • 25

    _______ is the green pigment that enables plants to absorb sunlight and convert it into energy during photosynthesis. It specifically absorbs light from the blue and red parts of the light spectrum and reflects green, giving plants their green color.

    Chlorophyll

  • 26

    Photosynthetic Pigment _______ • Act as primary pigment • Participate directly in light dependent reaction • Convert light energy to chemical energy

    Chlorophyll A

  • 27

    Photosynthetic pigments ____________ • Act as accesory pigment • Captured light and transfer it to chlorophyll a • Then initiates the light dependent reactions.

    Chlorophyll B

  • 28

    •Work alongside chlorophyll to capture additional light wavelengths that chlorophyll alone cannot absorb efficiently. •Broaden the spectrum of light that plants can use for photosynthesis. •More pigments = More glucose or food for the plant.

    Accessory Pigment

  • 29

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Absorb blue-green light and help chlorophyll a by capturing more energy. •Water-soluble and stored in the plant cell's vacuole. •Responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in plants, such as in apples, grapes, and fall leaves.

    Anthocyanin

  • 30

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Red, yellow, and orange pigments. •Absorb light in the 400-500 nm range, which includes blue and green light. •Responsible for the bright colors of carrots, tomatoes, and autumn leaves

    Carotenoids

  • 31

    Types of Accessory Pigments •Subclass of carotenoids and are yellow pigments that absorb light at different wavelengths. •Responsible for the yellow colors in leaves and other parts of plants, such as corn.

    Xanthophylls

  • 32

    • When light energy is absorbed by a chlorophyll molecule its electrons gain energy and move to higher energy levels in the molecule

    Photoexcitation

  • 33

    • A ______ is a protein-pigment complex found in the thylakoid (membranes of chloroplasts) • A ______ is like a tiny solar panel in plants that helps them turn sunlight into energy

    Photosystem

  • 34

    Each photosystem contains: _______ • This consists of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments (like carotenoids) that absorb light energy and transfer it to the reaction center>

    Antenna Complex

  • 35

    Each photosystem contains: _______ • A specialized pair of chlorophyll molecules where the absorbed light energy is converted into high-energy electrons.

    Reaction Center

  • 36

    Types of Photosystem Photosystem 1 • The chlorophyll a in the reaction center effectively absorbs light with a wavelength of __nm and does called P___

    700,700

  • 37

    Types of Photosystem Photosystem 2 • The chlorophyll a in the reaction center effectively absorbs light with a wavelength of ___nm and does called ___

    680,P680

  • 38

    (NADP+) meaning • NADPH (reduced form)

    nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate