government

article 1- legislative branch, article 2-executive branch, article 3- judicial branch

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the bill of rights

protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and sets requirements for search warrants based on probable cause.

due process, protection against self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and eminent domain.

guarantees the right to a fair and speedy public trial by an impartial jury, the right to be informed of criminal charges, and the right to legal counsel

protection against cruel and unusual punishment

due process and equal protection of the laws

business needed people and cheap labor. Children worked in factories

offered skills, education, discipline, and religious teaching to juveniles to change their paths.

small facilities mimicked large family. Removed kids from urban areas into farm. Today there are halfway houses.

community supervision for adults convicted of nonviolent crimes. it was then implemented for juveniles. probation officers assist judges with adjudication decisions and help determine the placement of the youth and arrange for apprentenciships

parents of the nation is the main concept in juvenile courts

under the age of 18, who is committing a crime or disorderly persons offense.

juveniles are entitled to a hearing

right to notice charges. gave the 4th, 5th, 6th amendments like adults have.

juveniles beyond a reasonable doubt ( it got changes from preponderance of evidence)

juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial in juvenile court

rehabilitation

yes in formal court hearings

no right for bail

is a group of community volunteers who handle minor offenses, alternative to a formal court hearing

is a court official who presides over less serious juvenile delinquency cases. less formal than full formal court hearing

a judge makes a final decision on more serious offenses, requiring legal representation for the juvenile involved.

consists of community members, deals with minor offenses, focuses on diversion and potential rehabilitation (community service or counseling)

A court official with authority to hear and decide certain juvenile delinquency cases, may handle more serious cases but not full court hearing. Can make decisions about the case, but may need to render more complex matters to a judge.

before a judge where evidence is presented and a final decision is made on the case. Usually requires legal representation. used for more serious offenses when the other two are not important