lonic Equilibria

49問 • 3ヶ月前

問題一覧

These are substances (an acid, a base, or a salt) that is in aqueous solution ionizes to positive (cations) and negative ions (anions)

electrolytes

When NaCl is dissolved in water, the ions formed are Na+ ( a cation) and Cl- (an anion). How many independent entities are formed in the solution?

Exhibit anomalous (deviation from normal) colligative properties

electrolytes

Can conduct electricity

electrolytes

Tend to show rapid chemical reactions

electrolytes

These substances that do not ionize in water at all and therefore do not conduct electricity in solution.

non-electrolytes

Sucrose, fructose, urea, and glycerol are

non-electrolytes

Many drugs and pharmaceutical ingredients are ____

organic weak electrolytes

The degree of ionization or pharmaceutical drugs or ingredients is an important physicochemical property and has ___ implications.

extensive

Organic weak electrolytes exist as either ionized form or unionized form and ___ of the environment

depends on the pH

The degree of ionization can affect the absorption, transport, and excretion of drugs

true

Form of drug that is more water-soluble but much less soluble in lipid

ionized form

Form of drug that has a poor absorption in the lipid membranes

ionized form

Form of drug that have greater lipid solubility and are more permeable to lipid membranes

unionized form

Form of drug have poor water solubility thus poor dissolution

unionized form

Atropine is a ___

weak base

Atropine + low pH will form salt, which makes it

water-soluble

Atropine + low pH will form salt, therefore, it will ___

ionize

When atropine is combined with a strong acid, like sulfate, it will result in the formation of a salt that enhances the ___ of atropine

water solubility

It is possible to formulate atropine as a solution when it is combined with an acid like sulfate.

true

Absorption and dissolution is ____ proportional

inversely

The absorption of weak electrolyte is determined mainly by the extent to which the drug exist in its ____ form at the site of absorption

unionized

A ___ change in pH can cause a large change in the ratio of ionized and unionized molecules and can affect the properties such as solubility, dissolution rate and partition coefficient.

small

The degree of ionization have a profound effect on solubility, dissolution as well as on ADME.

true

Protolysis or the transfer of protons

protolytic

A basic solvent capable of accepting protons from the solute

protophilic

acetone, ether, liquid ammonia

protophilic

A proton-donating compound and is represented by acids

protogenic

formic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, liquid HCl, and liquid HF.

protogenic

Act both as a proton acceptors and proton donors

amphiprotic

This class involves waters and alcohols

amphiprotic

Neither accept nor donates protons

aprotic

Hydrocarbons

aprotic

A specie that can function either as an acid or base and are said to be amphoteric in nature

ampholyte

Are substances that dissociate in water to yield hydrogen ion (H+)

acid

ionize in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH-)

base

Theory that liberates H+ or OH-

Arrhenius

Theory that donates or accepts proton (H+)

Bronsted-Lowry

Theory that accepts or donates electron pairs

Lewis

substance capable of donating a proton

acid

substance capable of accepting a proton from an acid

base

substance that provides a pair of unshared electrons

base

molecule or an ion that accepts an electron pair

acid

____ are used to measure the strength of acids and bases and to calculate the extent of ionization of a weak acid or base at a given pH

ionization constant

Water can behave as an acid as well as a base because it is capable of losing and accepting a proton.

amphoteric

Water can undergo autoprotolysis or self-ionization

true

In a liter of water, the water ionizes into extremely small extent, resulting in the production of hydronium and hydroxide ions at the same concentration of

1 x 10^-7

Water dissociation constant/autoprotolysis constant/ion product of water

1.0 x 10^–14

POCLEC M1: Overview of Organic Chemistry

HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO · 9問 · 10ヶ月前

POCLEC M1: Overview of Organic Chemistry