Ns term 2 Gr 8

the study of organisms and how they interact with one another and with the chemical and physical environment in which they are found.

1. Populations 2. Communities 3. Ecosystems 4. Biosphere

an individual life form capable of performing all functions of life

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

characterized by organisms of the same type that can successfully reproduce f e r t i l e offspring

plants and animals depend on each other for food and protection together they form a community. all living organisms in one habit at consisting of various species

the place or area in which an organism lives. different organisms are adapted to survive in different habitats

An area where abiotic and biotic factors exist and interact with each other

environmental condition (non - living)

living organism

true

false

Part of Earth where organisms live

producers are able to make thier own food

organisms that get energy from eating other organisms

organisms that get energy by eating other organisms

plants that make their own food

they feed on producers primary consumers

they have a 4 part stomach and chew on cud

Feed on other animals Secondary or tertiary consumers

herbivores carnivores omnivores

hunt prey for food

eat dead animals

eat insects/small invertebrates

Feed on animals and plant material

Breakdown remains of dead plants / animals Recycle nutrients (C,N,P,O)

direction of energy flow in an ecosystem

Decomposers

the numbers and flow of energy from one organism at one trophic level to the next

position an organism has in the food chain/energy pyramid

90%

a variety of interlinked food chains

as much as it's resources allow

space nutrients water Light shelter

Floods Extreme Temp. Droughts

Pollution Agriculture

die out/extinct

to make way for Agriculture or industrialization

Illegally taking organisms from the wild

the species cannot adapt =leads to extinction

gases smoke dust

oil spills & chemical dumping organic waste(sewage) Rubbish from humans(plastic)

Erosion Poison from agriculture factories dumping waste Pathogens (disease causing microbes

uh the feet on grass and leaves trampoline trees to make space for other organisms to pass through, their dung is very rich in natural salts which fertilized the soil, elephants are occasionally fed on by lions

the way an organism behaves or acts

shape color physical features

the processes inside an organism like metabolism and reproductive system

microorganisms are living things too small to see with the naked eye and found everywhere

bacteria, virus, fungi, protests

single c e l l e d organism, found in soil water air body, can survive extreme conditions, grown a g a r plates, can cause diseases like cholera sore throat and TB, most bacteria found on Earth on neutral to humans, bacteria reproduced by copying their vital info and dividing into two

a nonliving and very small, need a host to reproduce and live, a certain virus can only infect a certain host like covid can only affect the lung, not destroyed by antibiotics, HIV flu common cold

single c e l l e d or many cells, very in size small as individual yeast cells or big as mushrooms, can be useful, can be pathologic

single c e l l e d or many cells, have plant like algae or animal like amoeba organisms, they range in size, many are parasites causing diseases

v i b r i o cholera lives in water

children people with weak immune systems usually affected

can cause leg cramps in vomiting, diarrhea, can be fatal the infected person who loses too much water dehydrates and dies

oral rehydration solution, antibiotics, oral Vaccines

boil water before drinking

cover your mouth with sneezing or coughing, wash your hands regularly, sterilize utensils and food by washing or heating

decomposers recycle nutrients back into the soil by breaking down dead plant and animal material, water purification bacteria feed on sludge lift behind in the purification process, digestive system bacteria in the code and protect the body from harmful bacteria and how to break down food to form feces, production by the fermentation process microorganisms are used to make wine beer yogurt bread vinegar etc

Louis Pasteur pasteurization milk heater to 71° c to destroy harmful microorganisms and vaccinations injections that prevent harmful diseases caused by gems, Alexander Fleming penicillin at the biotic used to treat bacterial infections by breaking down the bombs that hold the cell walls together killing the bacteria

matter

atoms

see below

subatomic particles

protons and neutrons

to

8

negative

positive

simplest kind of pure substance, made up of the same kind of atom, can't be broken down into simplest substances, chemical building blocks of matter, arranged in the periodic table

elements arranged from left to right in order of increasing numbers of protons

group vertical rows, period horizontal rows

left side of step, good electronical and heat conductors, solids at room temperature except Mercury, high melting point, malleable

right side of step, poor electrical and heat conductors except carbon, mostly gases at room temperature bromine equals liquid, brittle

shiny, brittle, average electronical and heat conductors, solid at room temperature, malleable

per atomic numbers equal to protons or the number of the electrons in a neutral atom

atomic mass minus atomic number

protons plus neutrons

atoms bonded together to form molecules

two atoms of the same element Bond some elements only occur naturally as diatomic molecules, n o f down plus hydrogen

elements reacting bond with each other during a chemical reaction to form a compound, consists of more than one type of atom, the new substance has new properties, during decomposition reactions compounds are broken down into simpler substances elements

no chemical reaction takes place, components in the mixtures retain their properties, particles of the mixture are not identical, ratio of a mixture is not constant, solid dissolves in a solvent which is a solution, it is still a mixture even though we can't see the solute

a change in the structural functional and behavioral characters resteds of organisms in order for the organism to survive in its in environment with greatest success

true

false

structural, structural, behavioral, behavioral, structural, behavior, functional

alien vegetation uses resources, no natural predators, indigenous vegetation cannot compete causing them to become endangered

dense plant growth lower rate of water flow, water then penetrates deep into soil, improve water quality, server sponges to prevent floods, release water during drafts, prevent soil erosion

caused by SARS virus, transferred mainly through droplets like saliva, virus refugees by making new copies in host

virus attacks a passages and lung tissue, resulting in high fever sore throat coughing loss of smell and taste, decrease in oxygen, lead to pneumonia, can be fatal

vaccination

caused by fungus, is a mild skin infection and is more annoying than dangerous, spread by contact with contaminated floor, this fungus likes hot and humid places starts between a toes, very contagious and often spreading public showers

itchy and dry skelly rash, pain and burning

antifungal cream, wash your socks and tiles at a high temperature to kill fungus and stop spreading

caused by plasmodium protest, mosquito carries the protest parasite, parasite moves into blood when the human is bitten by female mosquito, the protazoa over reproduced and less eggs and liver of human