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[PPT] Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli (Clostridium Species)
100問 • 3ヶ月前
  • HERSHEY VALERIE BERNARDINO
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Large, anaerobic, gram-positive, motile rods

    Clostridium

  • 2

    Clostridium species are saprophytes

    true

  • 3

    Clostridium spores are placed ___

    centrally, subterminally, or terminally

  • 4

    They can ferment variety of sugars and digest proteins

    Clostridium

  • 5

    Which is endospore-forming

    Clostridium

  • 6

    Causes the disease botulism

    C. botulinum

  • 7

    Produce 7 antigenic varieties of toxin where types A, B, E, and F mainly affects humans

    C. botulinum

  • 8

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine resulting to flaccid paralysis

    botulinum toxin

  • 9

    Botulinum toxin blocks the release of ___

    acetylcholine

  • 10

    Botulinum toxin results to ___

    flaccid paralysis

  • 11

    Has light chain, heavy chain, and disulfide bonds

    botulinum toxin

  • 12

    Once botulinum toxin enters, disulfide bonds will disappear

    true

  • 13

    The light chain of botulinum toxin will cut the SNAP25 which prevents the release of acetylcholine

    true

  • 14

    Protein that helps in acetylcholine release into the bloodstream

    SNAP25

  • 15

    How does botulinum toxin block the release of acetylcholine?

    it cuts the SNAP25

  • 16

    Spores contaminate a wound and produce toxin at the site

    wound botulism

  • 17

    Seen primarily in injection drug users

    wound botulism

  • 18

    Seen in black tar and heroin injecting users

    wound botulism

  • 19

    Results from ingestion of food contaminated with C. botulinum

    food botulism

  • 20

    Caused by spiced, smoked, vacuum-packed, or canned alkaline foods

    food botulism

  • 21

    Lack of oxygen in canned goods allows C. botulinum spores to undergo germination and toxin production

    true

  • 22

    Characterized by weakness of eye muscle and and drooping of eye-lids

    botulism

  • 23

    Causes possible death of patient from respiratory or cardiac arrest

    botulism

  • 24

    Infant ingests the spores and germinates which causes toxins within the intestinal tract

    infant botulism

  • 25

    Leads to floppy baby syndrome

    infant botulism

  • 26

    Most frequent vehicle of infant botulism

    honey

  • 27

    Treatment for botulism

    respiratory support

  • 28

    Treatment for botulism

    Trivalent antitoxin type A, B, & E

  • 29

    Treatment for infant botulism

    Botulinum Immune Globulin

  • 30

    Can be prevented by proper sterilization of canned and vacuum-packed foods and by cooking foods adequately

    botulism

  • 31

    Botulinum antitoxin does not reverse paralysis

    true

  • 32

    Botulinum antitoxin blocks free toxins in the blood to prevent severe diseases

    true

  • 33

    Once the patient experiences paralysis, antitoxin will reverse the paralysis

    false

  • 34

    Comes from horse serum

    botulinum antitoxin

  • 35

    Botulinum antitoxin came from __

    horse serum

  • 36

    Causes the disease tetani

    C. tetani

  • 37

    Shares common O or somatic antigen

    C. tetani

  • 38

    Produce the same antigenic type of neurotoxin and tetanospasmin

    C. tetani

  • 39

    Tennis racket-shaped bacteria

    C. tetani

  • 40

    Botox

    C. tetani

  • 41

    Tetanus toxin is called

    tetanospasmin

  • 42

    Blocks the release of inhibitory mediators such as glycine and GABA

    tetanospasmin

  • 43

    Tetanospasmin blocks the lease of glycine and GABA which results to hyperreflexia, muscle spasms, and ____

    spastic paralysis

  • 44

    Spastic paralysis is caused by

    tetanospasmin

  • 45

    In spastic paralysis,

    muscles can't relax

  • 46

    In flaccid paralysis,

    muscles can't contract

  • 47

    Causes disease characterized by strong muscle spams

    C. tetani

  • 48

    Trismus

    lockjaw

  • 49

    Risus Sardonicus

    forced grin

  • 50

    Opisthotonus

    arched back

  • 51

    Organism enters through contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound

    neonatal tatenus

  • 52

    Tetanospasmin has limited effect on the muscle near the site of injury

    localized tetanus

  • 53

    Prevented by immunization with tetanus toxoid or aluminum salts

    tetani / tetanus

  • 54

    To prevent diseases caused by C. tetani, how many doses of tetanus toxoid must be received by a woman one month before delivery

    2 doses

  • 55

    How many booster shots shall be given to woman, in addition to 2 doses given one month before her delivery

    3 booster shots

  • 56

    Treated using muscle relaxants, sedation, and assisted ventilation

    tetani / tetanus

  • 57

    Treatment for tetani / tetanus also known as tetanus immune globulin

    IV tetanus antitoxin

  • 58

    Given to a previously immunized individual who sustained a potentially dangerous wound

    tetanus antitoxin + toxoid booster

  • 59

    Provides artificial active immunity

    tetanus toxoid

  • 60

    Provides artificial passive immunity

    tetanus antitoxin

  • 61

    Povides active passive immunity

    tetanus antitoxin + tetanus toxoid

  • 62

    Clostridia that produce invasive infections that spread quickly on tissues

    C. perfringens

  • 63

    Cause invasive infections such as myonecrosis and gas gangrene

    C. perfringens

  • 64

    A common cause of food poisoning

    C. perfringens

  • 65

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens with hemolytic and necrotizing effect (destroys RBC and tissues)

    alpha toxi & theta toxin

  • 66

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which forms spores in cell membrane

    theta toxin

  • 67

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which causes edema and hemorrhage

    epsilon

  • 68

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which promotes bacterial spread in the connective tissue

    DNAse & hyaluronidase

  • 69

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which causes food poisoning and diarrhea

    enterotoxin

  • 70

    Also known as clostridial myonecrosis

    gas gangrene

  • 71

    Spores reach the traumatized tissue or from the intestinal tract

    gas gangrene

  • 72

    Vegetative cells multiply, ferment carbohydrates, and produce gas

    gas gangrene

  • 73

    Starts from deep and open wound without blood supply or ischemia

    gas gangrene

  • 74

    Caused by ingestion of protein-rich contaminated food

    food poisoning

  • 75

    Causes stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps

    food poisoning

  • 76

    Causes intense diarrhea that lasts for 7 to 30 hours

    food poisoning

  • 77

    Treatment for severe gas gangrene

    amputation / surgical debridement

  • 78

    Drug of choice to treat gas gangrene

    Penicillin G

  • 79

    Treated using hyperbaric oxygen

    gas gangrene

  • 80

    Hyperbaric oxygen contains high protein levels that inhibits growth of anaerobic bacteria which is used to treat diseases caused by C. perfringens

    true

  • 81

    Used to neutralize toxins cause by C. perfringens

    polyvalent antitoxin

  • 82

    Symptomatic treatment for food poisoning caused by C. perfringens

    Oral Rehydrating Salts

  • 83

    Pseudomembranous colitis and Antibiotic-associated diarrhea are caused by

    C. difficile

  • 84

    Seen in patients who have antibiotic-associated diarrhea that worsens

    pseudomebranous colitis

  • 85

    First antibiotic to be shown to predispose pseudomembranous colitis

    Clindamycin

  • 86

    Seen in patients who have been given antibiotics such as ampicillin, clindamycin , and fluoroquinolones

    antibiotic-associated diarrhea

  • 87

    Produces potent enterotoxin

    C. difficile

  • 88

    Cause mild-to-moderate diarrhea

    antibiotic-assciated diarrhea

  • 89

    Caused by disruption o normal gut flora after antibiotics

    antibiotic-associated diarrhea

  • 90

    Causes necrosis, inflammation, and pseudomembrane formation in the colon

    pseudomembranous colitis

  • 91

    Toxin produced by C. difficile that binds and has a cytotoxic activity

    exotoxin a

  • 92

    Toxin produced by C. difficile which causes necrosis and inflammation

    exotoxin a

  • 93

    Toxin produced by C. difficile which has a cytotoxic activity and destroys intestinal cells

    exotoxin b

  • 94

    Pathogenesis of C. difficile

    exotoxins trigger immune response with neutrophils and monocytes , neutrophils and monocytes migrates from the bloodstream to the site of infections , overtime, we get inflammation and dead cells to contriute in the development of pseudomembrane

  • 95

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. difficile

    discontinue offending antibiotics

  • 96

    Drug of choice for mild to moderate diarrhea cause d by C. difficile

    metronidazole

  • 97

    Drug of choice for severe cases caused by C. difficile

    vancomycin

  • 98

    Newer option of drug targeting C. Difficile

    fidaxomicin

  • 99

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. difficile

    fecal transplant

  • 100

    Treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea to help restore the normal gut flora balance

    probiotics

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Large, anaerobic, gram-positive, motile rods

    Clostridium

  • 2

    Clostridium species are saprophytes

    true

  • 3

    Clostridium spores are placed ___

    centrally, subterminally, or terminally

  • 4

    They can ferment variety of sugars and digest proteins

    Clostridium

  • 5

    Which is endospore-forming

    Clostridium

  • 6

    Causes the disease botulism

    C. botulinum

  • 7

    Produce 7 antigenic varieties of toxin where types A, B, E, and F mainly affects humans

    C. botulinum

  • 8

    Blocks the release of acetylcholine resulting to flaccid paralysis

    botulinum toxin

  • 9

    Botulinum toxin blocks the release of ___

    acetylcholine

  • 10

    Botulinum toxin results to ___

    flaccid paralysis

  • 11

    Has light chain, heavy chain, and disulfide bonds

    botulinum toxin

  • 12

    Once botulinum toxin enters, disulfide bonds will disappear

    true

  • 13

    The light chain of botulinum toxin will cut the SNAP25 which prevents the release of acetylcholine

    true

  • 14

    Protein that helps in acetylcholine release into the bloodstream

    SNAP25

  • 15

    How does botulinum toxin block the release of acetylcholine?

    it cuts the SNAP25

  • 16

    Spores contaminate a wound and produce toxin at the site

    wound botulism

  • 17

    Seen primarily in injection drug users

    wound botulism

  • 18

    Seen in black tar and heroin injecting users

    wound botulism

  • 19

    Results from ingestion of food contaminated with C. botulinum

    food botulism

  • 20

    Caused by spiced, smoked, vacuum-packed, or canned alkaline foods

    food botulism

  • 21

    Lack of oxygen in canned goods allows C. botulinum spores to undergo germination and toxin production

    true

  • 22

    Characterized by weakness of eye muscle and and drooping of eye-lids

    botulism

  • 23

    Causes possible death of patient from respiratory or cardiac arrest

    botulism

  • 24

    Infant ingests the spores and germinates which causes toxins within the intestinal tract

    infant botulism

  • 25

    Leads to floppy baby syndrome

    infant botulism

  • 26

    Most frequent vehicle of infant botulism

    honey

  • 27

    Treatment for botulism

    respiratory support

  • 28

    Treatment for botulism

    Trivalent antitoxin type A, B, & E

  • 29

    Treatment for infant botulism

    Botulinum Immune Globulin

  • 30

    Can be prevented by proper sterilization of canned and vacuum-packed foods and by cooking foods adequately

    botulism

  • 31

    Botulinum antitoxin does not reverse paralysis

    true

  • 32

    Botulinum antitoxin blocks free toxins in the blood to prevent severe diseases

    true

  • 33

    Once the patient experiences paralysis, antitoxin will reverse the paralysis

    false

  • 34

    Comes from horse serum

    botulinum antitoxin

  • 35

    Botulinum antitoxin came from __

    horse serum

  • 36

    Causes the disease tetani

    C. tetani

  • 37

    Shares common O or somatic antigen

    C. tetani

  • 38

    Produce the same antigenic type of neurotoxin and tetanospasmin

    C. tetani

  • 39

    Tennis racket-shaped bacteria

    C. tetani

  • 40

    Botox

    C. tetani

  • 41

    Tetanus toxin is called

    tetanospasmin

  • 42

    Blocks the release of inhibitory mediators such as glycine and GABA

    tetanospasmin

  • 43

    Tetanospasmin blocks the lease of glycine and GABA which results to hyperreflexia, muscle spasms, and ____

    spastic paralysis

  • 44

    Spastic paralysis is caused by

    tetanospasmin

  • 45

    In spastic paralysis,

    muscles can't relax

  • 46

    In flaccid paralysis,

    muscles can't contract

  • 47

    Causes disease characterized by strong muscle spams

    C. tetani

  • 48

    Trismus

    lockjaw

  • 49

    Risus Sardonicus

    forced grin

  • 50

    Opisthotonus

    arched back

  • 51

    Organism enters through contaminated umbilicus or circumcision wound

    neonatal tatenus

  • 52

    Tetanospasmin has limited effect on the muscle near the site of injury

    localized tetanus

  • 53

    Prevented by immunization with tetanus toxoid or aluminum salts

    tetani / tetanus

  • 54

    To prevent diseases caused by C. tetani, how many doses of tetanus toxoid must be received by a woman one month before delivery

    2 doses

  • 55

    How many booster shots shall be given to woman, in addition to 2 doses given one month before her delivery

    3 booster shots

  • 56

    Treated using muscle relaxants, sedation, and assisted ventilation

    tetani / tetanus

  • 57

    Treatment for tetani / tetanus also known as tetanus immune globulin

    IV tetanus antitoxin

  • 58

    Given to a previously immunized individual who sustained a potentially dangerous wound

    tetanus antitoxin + toxoid booster

  • 59

    Provides artificial active immunity

    tetanus toxoid

  • 60

    Provides artificial passive immunity

    tetanus antitoxin

  • 61

    Povides active passive immunity

    tetanus antitoxin + tetanus toxoid

  • 62

    Clostridia that produce invasive infections that spread quickly on tissues

    C. perfringens

  • 63

    Cause invasive infections such as myonecrosis and gas gangrene

    C. perfringens

  • 64

    A common cause of food poisoning

    C. perfringens

  • 65

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens with hemolytic and necrotizing effect (destroys RBC and tissues)

    alpha toxi & theta toxin

  • 66

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which forms spores in cell membrane

    theta toxin

  • 67

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which causes edema and hemorrhage

    epsilon

  • 68

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which promotes bacterial spread in the connective tissue

    DNAse & hyaluronidase

  • 69

    Toxin produced by C. perfringens which causes food poisoning and diarrhea

    enterotoxin

  • 70

    Also known as clostridial myonecrosis

    gas gangrene

  • 71

    Spores reach the traumatized tissue or from the intestinal tract

    gas gangrene

  • 72

    Vegetative cells multiply, ferment carbohydrates, and produce gas

    gas gangrene

  • 73

    Starts from deep and open wound without blood supply or ischemia

    gas gangrene

  • 74

    Caused by ingestion of protein-rich contaminated food

    food poisoning

  • 75

    Causes stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps

    food poisoning

  • 76

    Causes intense diarrhea that lasts for 7 to 30 hours

    food poisoning

  • 77

    Treatment for severe gas gangrene

    amputation / surgical debridement

  • 78

    Drug of choice to treat gas gangrene

    Penicillin G

  • 79

    Treated using hyperbaric oxygen

    gas gangrene

  • 80

    Hyperbaric oxygen contains high protein levels that inhibits growth of anaerobic bacteria which is used to treat diseases caused by C. perfringens

    true

  • 81

    Used to neutralize toxins cause by C. perfringens

    polyvalent antitoxin

  • 82

    Symptomatic treatment for food poisoning caused by C. perfringens

    Oral Rehydrating Salts

  • 83

    Pseudomembranous colitis and Antibiotic-associated diarrhea are caused by

    C. difficile

  • 84

    Seen in patients who have antibiotic-associated diarrhea that worsens

    pseudomebranous colitis

  • 85

    First antibiotic to be shown to predispose pseudomembranous colitis

    Clindamycin

  • 86

    Seen in patients who have been given antibiotics such as ampicillin, clindamycin , and fluoroquinolones

    antibiotic-associated diarrhea

  • 87

    Produces potent enterotoxin

    C. difficile

  • 88

    Cause mild-to-moderate diarrhea

    antibiotic-assciated diarrhea

  • 89

    Caused by disruption o normal gut flora after antibiotics

    antibiotic-associated diarrhea

  • 90

    Causes necrosis, inflammation, and pseudomembrane formation in the colon

    pseudomembranous colitis

  • 91

    Toxin produced by C. difficile that binds and has a cytotoxic activity

    exotoxin a

  • 92

    Toxin produced by C. difficile which causes necrosis and inflammation

    exotoxin a

  • 93

    Toxin produced by C. difficile which has a cytotoxic activity and destroys intestinal cells

    exotoxin b

  • 94

    Pathogenesis of C. difficile

    exotoxins trigger immune response with neutrophils and monocytes , neutrophils and monocytes migrates from the bloodstream to the site of infections , overtime, we get inflammation and dead cells to contriute in the development of pseudomembrane

  • 95

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. difficile

    discontinue offending antibiotics

  • 96

    Drug of choice for mild to moderate diarrhea cause d by C. difficile

    metronidazole

  • 97

    Drug of choice for severe cases caused by C. difficile

    vancomycin

  • 98

    Newer option of drug targeting C. Difficile

    fidaxomicin

  • 99

    Treatment for diseases caused by C. difficile

    fecal transplant

  • 100

    Treatment for antibiotic-associated diarrhea to help restore the normal gut flora balance

    probiotics