nervous system
問題一覧
1
consists of the brain and the spinal cord
centran nervous system (CNS)
2
consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS, nerves and ganglia.
Peripheral Nervous system
3
cells of nervous system, recieve stimuli conduct action potential and transmit signals to other neurons of effector organs.
neurons
4
are endings of neurons, separate, specialized cells that detect temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odor and other stimuli. located in the skin, muscles, joints, internal organs etc.
sensory receptors
5
bundle of axons that connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands.
nerve
6
12 pairs of nerves originating from the brain.
cranial nerves
7
31 pairs of nerves originating from the spinal cord.
spinal nerves
8
a collection of neuron bodies located outside the CNS
ganglion
9
an extensive network of axons and, in some cases, neuron cell bodies, located outside the CNS.
plexus
10
conducts action potential from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS.
sensory division/afferent (toward)
11
conducts action potential from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles and glands.
motor divisions/efferenr dicision (away)
12
neurons that transmit action potential from the periphery to the CNS.
sensory neuron
13
neurons that transmit action potential from CNS toward the periphery.
motor neurons
14
transmits action potential from the CNS to skeletal Muscles
somatic nervous system
15
transmits action potentials from CNS to Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
autonomic nervous system
16
a unique part of the peripheral nervous system has both sensory and motor neurons contained wholly within the digestive tract.
enteric nervous system
17
contains single nucleus/ source of information for gene expression.
cell body
18
are short, usually recieve information from the other neurons abd transmit the information toward the neuron cell body.
dendrites
19
single long cell process extending from neuron cell body.
axon
20
area where the axon leaves the neuron cell body
axon hillock
21
an axon may remain unbranched or may branch to form
collateral axons
22
type of neuron that has many dendrites and a single axon.
multipoar neurons
23
have two processes: one dendrite one axon. loacted in some sensory oragans such as retina of the eye and nasal cavity
bipolar neurons
24
have a single process estending from the cell body. the process divides into two extensions a short distance from the cell body. one extends to the periphery and one extends to the CNS.
pseudo-unipolar neurons
25
supportive cell of the CNS and PNS. Do not conduct action potentials
glial cells
26
type of CNS glial cells that participates with the blood vessel endothelium to form a permeability barrier.
astròcytes
27
asteocytes participate to with the blood vessels endothelium to form a permeability barrier.
blood-brain barrier
28
CNS type of glial cell that produce cerebrospinal fluid, and others with cilia, help move the cerebrospinal fluid through the CNS
ependymal cells
29
CNS type of glial cells that act as immune cells of the CNS, help to protect the brain by removing bacteria and cell debris
microglia
30
CNS type of glial cell that provide insulating material that surrounds axons.
Oligodendrocytes
31
PNS glial cells that provide insulating material around axons also known as
schwann cells
32
PNS glial cells that provide support and nutrition to the neurons and protect the neurons from heavy metal poisons such as lead and mercury.
satellite cells
33
specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neuron. formed by the cell processes of oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS
myelin sheaths
34
axon with these myelin sheaths are called
myelinated axons
35
gaps in the myelin sheaths are called
nodes of ranvier
36
consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.
gray matter
37
in the CNS gray matter on the surface of the brain called
cortex
38
clusters of rhe gray matter that located deeper within the brain are called
nuclei
39
in the PNS a cluster of a cell bodies is called
ganglion
40
consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.
white matter
41
white matter of the CNS forms_____________ it propagates action potential from one area of the CNS to another
nerve tract
42
white matter of the PNS cosists of bundles of axons and associated connective tissue that form
nerves
43
always open, ions can leak across the membrane down their concentration gradient
leak channels
44
this channels are closed until opened by specific signals
gated channels
45
type of gated channel that opened by specific chemicals
chemically gated channels
46
type of gated channels that are opened by as change in the electrical property of cell membrane
voltage-gated channels
47
negatively charge inside of cell membrane, positively charge outside. this uneven distribution across the cell membrane means that the cell membrane is...
polarized
48
unstimulated or resting cell
resting membrane potential
49
electrical signals that are conducted along the cell membrane from one region of the cell to another, stimuli activate the gated ion channels.
action potential
50
at the end of repolarization, the charge of the cell membrane briefly becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential this condition is called
hyperpolarization
51
type of active potential conduction. in unmyelinated axons it occurs, an action potential in one part of a cell membranestimulates local currents in adjacent parts of the cell membrane.
continuous conduction
52
type of action potential conduction, in myelinated axons it occurs, an action potentialat one node of ranvier causes a local current to flow through the surrounding extracellular fluid and through the cytoplasm of the axon of the next node, stimulating an action potential at that node of Ranvier.
saltatory conduction
53
a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector oragan.
synapse
54
two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron, allows the information itransmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into single pathway.
converging pathway
55
the axon from one neuron divides and synapse with more than one other postsynaptic neuron. this allows information transmitted on one neuronal pathway to diverge into two or more pathways.
diverging pathway
56
signals in neuronal pathways allows integration of multiple sub threshold local potential
summation
57
type of summation that occurs when the local potential originate from different locationson the postsynaptic neuron.
spatial summation
58
occurs when loacal potential overlap in time. from single input that fires rapidly which allows the resulting local potentials to overlap briefly
temporal summation
59
the inferior end of the spinal cord and nerves, horse's tail.
cauda equina
60
consists of axon that conduct action potential toward the brain
ascending tracts
61
consists of axon that conduct the action potentials away from the brain
descending tracts
62
linvolunrmtary rection in response to a stimulus applied to periphery and transmitted to the CNS. allow person to react to stimuli quickly that is possible if conscious thought is involved
reflex
63
neuronal pathway by which a reflex occur . basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest and simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus yielding a response.
reflex arc
64
simpelest reflex, when muscle contract in response to a streching force applied to them.
stretch reflex
65
classic example of stretch reflex
knee -jerk reflex
muscular system
muscular system
pristine advincula · 100問 · 2年前muscular system
muscular system
100問 • 2年前muscular system
muscular system
pristine advincula · 96問 · 2年前muscular system
muscular system
96問 • 2年前tfn
tfn
pristine advincula · 10問 · 2年前tfn
tfn
10問 • 2年前SENSES
SENSES
pristine advincula · 31問 · 2年前SENSES
SENSES
31問 • 2年前ENDOCRINE
ENDOCRINE
pristine advincula · 9問 · 2年前ENDOCRINE
ENDOCRINE
9問 • 2年前endo
endo
pristine advincula · 15問 · 2年前endo
endo
15問 • 2年前HEATLH EDUCATIO
HEATLH EDUCATIO
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HEATLH EDUCATIO
11問 • 2年前health assessment
health assessment
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health assessment
51問 • 2年前micropara lecture
micropara lecture
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micropara lecture
18問 • 2年前health education
health education
pristine advincula · 23問 · 1年前health education
health education
23問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
consists of the brain and the spinal cord
centran nervous system (CNS)
2
consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS, nerves and ganglia.
Peripheral Nervous system
3
cells of nervous system, recieve stimuli conduct action potential and transmit signals to other neurons of effector organs.
neurons
4
are endings of neurons, separate, specialized cells that detect temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odor and other stimuli. located in the skin, muscles, joints, internal organs etc.
sensory receptors
5
bundle of axons that connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles and glands.
nerve
6
12 pairs of nerves originating from the brain.
cranial nerves
7
31 pairs of nerves originating from the spinal cord.
spinal nerves
8
a collection of neuron bodies located outside the CNS
ganglion
9
an extensive network of axons and, in some cases, neuron cell bodies, located outside the CNS.
plexus
10
conducts action potential from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS.
sensory division/afferent (toward)
11
conducts action potential from the CNS to effector organs such as muscles and glands.
motor divisions/efferenr dicision (away)
12
neurons that transmit action potential from the periphery to the CNS.
sensory neuron
13
neurons that transmit action potential from CNS toward the periphery.
motor neurons
14
transmits action potential from the CNS to skeletal Muscles
somatic nervous system
15
transmits action potentials from CNS to Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
autonomic nervous system
16
a unique part of the peripheral nervous system has both sensory and motor neurons contained wholly within the digestive tract.
enteric nervous system
17
contains single nucleus/ source of information for gene expression.
cell body
18
are short, usually recieve information from the other neurons abd transmit the information toward the neuron cell body.
dendrites
19
single long cell process extending from neuron cell body.
axon
20
area where the axon leaves the neuron cell body
axon hillock
21
an axon may remain unbranched or may branch to form
collateral axons
22
type of neuron that has many dendrites and a single axon.
multipoar neurons
23
have two processes: one dendrite one axon. loacted in some sensory oragans such as retina of the eye and nasal cavity
bipolar neurons
24
have a single process estending from the cell body. the process divides into two extensions a short distance from the cell body. one extends to the periphery and one extends to the CNS.
pseudo-unipolar neurons
25
supportive cell of the CNS and PNS. Do not conduct action potentials
glial cells
26
type of CNS glial cells that participates with the blood vessel endothelium to form a permeability barrier.
astròcytes
27
asteocytes participate to with the blood vessels endothelium to form a permeability barrier.
blood-brain barrier
28
CNS type of glial cell that produce cerebrospinal fluid, and others with cilia, help move the cerebrospinal fluid through the CNS
ependymal cells
29
CNS type of glial cells that act as immune cells of the CNS, help to protect the brain by removing bacteria and cell debris
microglia
30
CNS type of glial cell that provide insulating material that surrounds axons.
Oligodendrocytes
31
PNS glial cells that provide insulating material around axons also known as
schwann cells
32
PNS glial cells that provide support and nutrition to the neurons and protect the neurons from heavy metal poisons such as lead and mercury.
satellite cells
33
specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neuron. formed by the cell processes of oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS
myelin sheaths
34
axon with these myelin sheaths are called
myelinated axons
35
gaps in the myelin sheaths are called
nodes of ranvier
36
consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.
gray matter
37
in the CNS gray matter on the surface of the brain called
cortex
38
clusters of rhe gray matter that located deeper within the brain are called
nuclei
39
in the PNS a cluster of a cell bodies is called
ganglion
40
consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.
white matter
41
white matter of the CNS forms_____________ it propagates action potential from one area of the CNS to another
nerve tract
42
white matter of the PNS cosists of bundles of axons and associated connective tissue that form
nerves
43
always open, ions can leak across the membrane down their concentration gradient
leak channels
44
this channels are closed until opened by specific signals
gated channels
45
type of gated channel that opened by specific chemicals
chemically gated channels
46
type of gated channels that are opened by as change in the electrical property of cell membrane
voltage-gated channels
47
negatively charge inside of cell membrane, positively charge outside. this uneven distribution across the cell membrane means that the cell membrane is...
polarized
48
unstimulated or resting cell
resting membrane potential
49
electrical signals that are conducted along the cell membrane from one region of the cell to another, stimuli activate the gated ion channels.
action potential
50
at the end of repolarization, the charge of the cell membrane briefly becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential this condition is called
hyperpolarization
51
type of active potential conduction. in unmyelinated axons it occurs, an action potential in one part of a cell membranestimulates local currents in adjacent parts of the cell membrane.
continuous conduction
52
type of action potential conduction, in myelinated axons it occurs, an action potentialat one node of ranvier causes a local current to flow through the surrounding extracellular fluid and through the cytoplasm of the axon of the next node, stimulating an action potential at that node of Ranvier.
saltatory conduction
53
a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector oragan.
synapse
54
two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron, allows the information itransmitted in more than one neuronal pathway to converge into single pathway.
converging pathway
55
the axon from one neuron divides and synapse with more than one other postsynaptic neuron. this allows information transmitted on one neuronal pathway to diverge into two or more pathways.
diverging pathway
56
signals in neuronal pathways allows integration of multiple sub threshold local potential
summation
57
type of summation that occurs when the local potential originate from different locationson the postsynaptic neuron.
spatial summation
58
occurs when loacal potential overlap in time. from single input that fires rapidly which allows the resulting local potentials to overlap briefly
temporal summation
59
the inferior end of the spinal cord and nerves, horse's tail.
cauda equina
60
consists of axon that conduct action potential toward the brain
ascending tracts
61
consists of axon that conduct the action potentials away from the brain
descending tracts
62
linvolunrmtary rection in response to a stimulus applied to periphery and transmitted to the CNS. allow person to react to stimuli quickly that is possible if conscious thought is involved
reflex
63
neuronal pathway by which a reflex occur . basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest and simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus yielding a response.
reflex arc
64
simpelest reflex, when muscle contract in response to a streching force applied to them.
stretch reflex
65
classic example of stretch reflex
knee -jerk reflex