3

-food preservation -food nutrition -nutraceuticals -new technology in food preparatiin usung local available fruits -sustainability of hotel and resort operations -promothon of cultural tourism -risk assessment of coastal lodging operations

-biotechnology -economcis and micro-financing -engineering and ICT -environment -food, technology, safety and security -health and medical -social sciences

-how acceptable is the research to those who will be studied? -is the problem shared by target group and staff/researchers? -can informed consent be obtained from the research subjects? -will the condition of the subjects be taken into account? -will the results be shared with those who are being studied? -will the results be helpful in improving the lives or health of those studied?

-relevance -avoidance of duplication -urgency of data needed (timeliness) -political acceptability of study -feasibility of study -applicability of results -ethical acceptability

-read literatures -surf the internet -attend conferences -ask recognized academicians or educators (current practices) -interview policy makers -inquire from practitioners in the field of specialization -research priorities of the sectors

-there is no known solution to the problem -the solution can be answered by using statistical methods and techniques -there are probable solutions but they are not yet tested -the occurrence of phenomena require scientific investigation -when there are contradictory results

-novelty and avoidance of unnecessary duplication -need for duplication of research -practical value of the problem -investigators interest in the problem (intellectual curiosity) -feasibility -relevance of the research topic -gaps in knowledge -special qualification of the researcher to attack the problem (intellectual honesty) -urgency of the data need (timeliness) -political acceptability -ethical acceptability

perplexing

systematic review and meta analysis