EXAM 3

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System in which only isolated bands of soil is tilled.

Strip tillage

Tillage which forms a ridge and furrow soil configuration.

Aota

Filling up the pump with water to displace or evacuate the entrapped air through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing.

Priming

Operation which mix or disperse foreign materials, such as pesticides, fertilizers or plant residues into the soil.

Middlebreaking

Theoretical power required for pumping.

Water power

Valve used to stop the flow of fluid.

Cut-off valve

Type of mist blower that is carried by an operator on his back for mobility.

Backpack mist blower

Type of sugarcane planter that is not capable of chopping sugarcane but instead, requires pre-cut billets for planting.

Manual sugarcane planter

Boring part of the soil auger.

Auger head/drill bit

Type of knapsack granule applicator which makes use of an engine or an electric motor attached to a fan blower to facilitate its operation.

Powered knapsack

Type of walk-behind granule applicator that makes use of ground wheels to actuate the screw or spinner plate for application of granules.

Mechanical walk-behind type

Type of field cultivator wherein main frame is mounted far behind the tractor.

Drawn type cultivator

Pump assembly attached to the stand which contains the handle outlet assembly.

Pump head

Type of engine driven rice transplanter which makes use of engine to actuate its movement in the puddled field.

Engine driven or self-propelled rice transplanter

Type of pump which develop most of the suction and discharge head by propelling or lifting action of the impeller vanes on the water.

Axial flow pump

Based on PAES Walking-type Agricultural Tractor (rotary tilling-type), what is the minimum peak transmission efficiency of the axle-driven rotary tiller?

80%

Subsoiling under the plant row prior to planting usually intended for subsurface drainage.

Precision tillage

Plow bottom which is used in sticky soils and soils that does not scour on solid moldboard.

Slatted moldboard

PAES 157:2011 Power Sprayer for Mango: What is the minimum discharge rate of the power sprayer.

15 Lpm

System in which a large number of depressions or small reservoirs are formed to hold rain or sprinkler applied water.

Reservoir tillage

Plow bottom that has short, broader and curved more abruptly along the top edge and is suited to work in soil which has been cultivated from year to year.

Stubble moldboard

Part of the plow that penetrates the soil and cuts the furrow slice horizontally.

Type of plow that has the front end directly connected to the tractor’s threepoint linkage and its rear end is supported by furrow and land wheels.

Semi-mounted moldboard plow

Primary tillage operation which manipulates soil to a greater depth than 300 mm.

Deep tillage

Two-wheel tractor speed limit on paved road in kph.

8 to10

Tillage operation which move soil to create desired soil configurations.

Land forming

Based on PAES 159:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Sugarcane Planter: What is the minimum field efficiency?

80%

Structural assembly which is used to drill holes for the purpose of water-well construction.

Drilling rig

Tillage operation that cuts and moves small layers of soil to provide smooth, refined surface condition

Land grading

Bit attached to the end of the drilling pipe which is directly in contact with the soil formation and serves as cutting device during drilling operation.

Drill bit

Tillage operation employing powerdriven rotary action to cut, breaks up, and mix soil.

Rotary tillage

Based on PAES walking-type agricultural tractor (pull-type), what is the minimum peak transmission efficiency of the tractor?

85%

Type of shovel which is wing-shaped.

Sweep

Generic term used for a small particle having a diameter ranging from 2 to 4 mm.

Granule

Type of granule applicator that makes use of the ground wheels to facilitate movement of the unit during operation.

Walk-behind granule applicator

Type of walk-behind granule applicator that uses engine to actuate the agitator and screw or spinner plate for application of granules.

Powered walk-behind type

Tool used for displacing soil at various depths for soil research and analysis or for digging post holes by means of a rotating helical flighting.

Soil auger

Vertical distance from suction water level to discharge water level, the sum of the static suction and discharge heads.

Total static head (hg)

Type of field cultivator wherein main frame is mounted to the rear of the tractor using the three-point hitch linkages.

Three-point hitch mounted

System that maintains a minimum of 30% residue cover on the soil surface after planting or maintains at least 1,100 kg/ha of flat small grain residue equivalent on the soil surface during the critical erosion period.

Conservation tillage

Implement used to pulverize the soil to attain a better soil tilth for the seed germination and growth.

Disc harrow

Idealized system which permits a maximized net return for a given crop under given conditions.

Optimum tillage

Based on PAES 165:2011 Granule Applicator: What is the recommended noise emitted by the tractor measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear level?

Shall not be more than 92 db (A)

Implement with individually mounted concave disc blades which cut, partially or completely invert a layer of soil to bury surface material, and pulverize the soil.

Disc plow

Implement for seedbed preparation, weed eradication, or fallow cultivation subsequent to some form of primary tillage.

Field cultivator

Implement for crushing soil clods and compacting the soil.

Packer

Sticking of soil to objects such as tillage tools or wheels

Soil adhesion

Soil-tool reaction in which soil slides over the surface of the tillage tool without significant adhesion.

Scouring

Based on PAES 165:2011 Granule Applicator: what is the maximum net weight?

15 kg

Combined tillage implements which are composed of a lister and a planting attachment to permit a single listingseeding operation with the planter normally being operated in the furrow.

Lister-planter

Based on PAES 161:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Soil Auger: What is the minimum field efficiency?

80%

Implement for dislodging small weeds and grasses and for breaking soil crust and is used for fast, shallow cultivation before or soon after crop plants emerge.

Rotary hoe

Tillage tools powered by more than one form of power, such as draft and rotating power, or draft and electrical power.

Multi-powered tillage tools

Open trench (about twice the width of one plow bottom) left in between the adjacent strips of land after finishing of plowing.

Dead furrow

Spade-shaped, v-pointed soil working tool, which is used for various plowstocks, cultivators, grain drills, and soil scarifiers.

Shovel

Machine used to mechanically incorporate or mix material into the soil.

Soil-additive incorporator

Operation which breaks the clods, levels and makes the soil ready for planting.

Harrowing

PAES 164:2011 Agricultural Machinery

Spring-tooth Harrow – Methods of Test

Part of the granule applicator that puts the granule in motion through continuous stirring or rotation.

Agitator

Agricultural tool used to apply granular fertilizers or pesticides to the field.

Granule applicator

Opening in the hopper or tank through which the granules pass through.

Orifice

PAES 147:2010 Agricultural Machinery

Field Cultivator – Specifications

Auxiliary component of the field cultivator that helps maintain uniform depth of cultivation and eliminate the need to set the tension with the three-point hitch every time you set a cultivator down.

Gauge wheel

Part of the field cultivator that holds the transverse toolbars and gauge wheels together.

Main frame

Tillage which constitutes the initial major soil-working operation, normally designed to reduce soil strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates.

Primary tillage

Structural member primarily used for attaching a tillage tool to a beam.

Shank

Soil mass cut, lifted, pulverized, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom.

Furrow slice

Four-wheel tractor speed limit onbare dirt road in kph

8 to10

PAES 157:2011 Power Sprayer for Mango: What is maximum required noise produce by the power sprayer measured one meter away from the source of the noise.

92 db

Type of shovel used in hard soil conditions and for deeper penetration.

Pike

Based on PAES 120: 2001 Disc Harrow:

Offset

Equipment powered by an electric motor or by an engine used to spray fertilizer or pesticide to a certain height.

Power sprayer

Part of the mechanical transplanter that actuates picking and transplanting seedlings into a puddled field.

Transplanting arm

Type of self-propelled rice transplanter that allows operator to ride on the machine during operation.

Riding type

Part of the spring-tooth harrow that engages with the soil during operation.

Tooth/tine

Type of hand pump that performs the work of a lift pump and in addition forces the water from the outlet at a pressure to suit any domestic application.

Force type

Deep tillage with at least 350 mm depth for the purpose of loosening soil for root growth and/or water movement.

Subsoiler

Vertical distance from the base plane of the pump to the discharge water level.

Head

Equipment that sprays liquid in the form of mist.

Mist blower

Unplowed soil

Land

Type of granule applicator mounted on a tractor or vehicle.

Mounted granule applicator

Type of weeder with curved or straight spikes or puddles radially attached to a common axle, which rotate to uproot and bury weeds.

Rotary type

Piston requires two movements to complete one cycle.

Two-stroke cycle

Power indicated in the specification sheet or plate at a given rated speed submitted by the manufacturer.

Rated brake power

As the compressed air inside the cylinder reaches a high temperature, atomized fuel is injected in the combustion chamber, it ignites on contact with high temperature air to generate power.

Spark ignition engine

Power available at the drawbar sustainable over a distance of at least 20 meters.

Drawbar power

Consists of two gangs of discs, placed end-to-end at an angle, which throw the soil in opposite directions.

Single-action disc harrow

PAES 150:2010 Agricultural Machinery

Subsoiler – Methods of Test

Part of the subsoiler that holds the transverse toolbars together.

Main frame

Points in the field where a seedling is transplanted.

Hills

Ratio of the total number of hills without seedlings to the total number of hills expressed in percentage.

Percent missing hill

Type of soil auger designed for drilling holes in the soil.

Soil boring auger

Type of soil auger that is powered by an electric motor or an engine to drill the soil.

Motor-powered

Part of the granule applicator that spreads the granules.

Spinner plate

Type of granule applicator designed to be carried on back during application.

Knapsack granule applicator

Consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor centerline.

Offset disc harrow

Implement performing functions simultaneously that of initial cutting, breaking and pulverizing the soil.

General-purpose tillage implement

Based on PAES 164:2011 spring-tooth harrow – methods of test: what is the maximum operating depth of the spring-tooth harrow?

152 mm or 6”

This is a type of seeder with metering mechanisms driven by the ground wheels or by powertake- off from a tractor.

Tractor power-driven seeder and planter

100

This is a type of row-crop planter which is designed to deposit a single seed at equal row intervals.

Precision planter

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