Nutrition

28問 • 1年前

問題一覧

is the process by which organisms use food to sustain life. It involves taking in and utilizing food substances to provide nutrients, which are then metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. These nutrients are essential for growth, repair, and maintaining bodily functions. A lack of proper nutrition can lead to malnutrition, a state of inadequate nutrient intake.

nutrition

Two Types of Organisms Based on Their Process of Acquiring Food:

Autotrophic Organisms heterotrophic Organisms

These organisms manufacture their own food.

Autotrophic Organisms

: These organisms obtain food from other sources (bacteria, fungi, and animals) because they cannot manufacture organic substances

heterotrophic organisms

Classification of Living Organisms According to Energy Source

Phototrophic / Photosynthetic Chemoautotrophic / chemosynthetic Lithotrophic organotrophic

These organisms trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy.

Phototrophic (Photosynthetic):

These organisms utilize inorganic or organic compounds to supply their energy requirements.

Chemoautotrophic (Chemosynthetic):

: These organisms utilize electron-donor materials (inorganic compounds) to form reduced coenzymes.

Lithotrophic

: These organisms utilize organic materials.

Organotrophic

The text defines essential nutrients as those that cannot be created by an animal's metabolism and must therefore be obtained from food.

Essential Nutrients:

Types of essential nutrients

Mineral essential amino acids

: These are inorganic essential nutrients that must be obtained from food. They aid in cell structure and regulation and also act as cofactors in various biological processes.

Minerals

These must be obtained from food and cannot be synthesized by the body. Humans require 20 amino acids, but can only synthesize 11 of them; the remaining 9 must be consumed through diet.

Essential Amino Acids:

Defined as the process of obtaining energy used for metabolism from the breakdown of food.

cellular respiration

Animal Classification by Diet:

herbivores omnivores carnivores

frugivores : eater granivorse : eater nectarivores : feeders Folivores : eater

fruit eater seed eater nectar feeders leaf eater

: These animals eat plants; subcategories include frugivores (fruit-eaters), granivores (seed-eaters), nectarivores (nectar feeders), and folivores (leaf eaters).

Herbivores

: These animals eat both plants and animals ("eaters of everything").

Omnivores

: These animals eat other animals; subcategories include obligate carnivores and facultative carnivores.

Carnivores

The Process of Digestion:

ingestion digestion absorption defecation

The Process of Digestion: Summarized as Ingestion (_____ food), digestion (_________ food), _________ (extracting nutrients), _______ (removal of waste products).

eating breaking down absorption defecation

2 types of invertebrate Digestive Systems:

Intracellular Digestion: Extracellular Digestion:

: Digestion occurs within the cytoplasm of the organism. This is common in animals without a digestive tract.

intercellular digestion

Animals secrete enzymes onto the food outside of their cells.

extracellular Digestion:

: Monogastric animals have a single stomach that secretes enzymes to break down food into smaller particles. Diagrams of the human and rabbit digestive systems are shown as examples.

Monogastric Digestive System

: Ruminants (like cows) have four stomachs. They eat plant matter and rely on symbiotic bacteria in their stomachs to help digest cellulose. A diagram of a ruminant stomach is shown, labeling the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

Ruminant Digestive System

similar to ruminants but have a three-chambered stomach instead of four. The symbiotic bacteria that help break down cellulose are located in the cecum, a chamber near the large intestine. A diagram of a pseudo-ruminant digestive system is included, showing the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.

pseudo-ruminants digestive system

What are the types of Digestive system?

monograstic digestive system ruminant digestive system pseudo-ruminants digestive system

Lesson 1

Mitsyyyy_cutie · 60問 · 1年前

Lesson 1