Prof Ed CBRC Methods and strategies of teaching

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Principle of learning

Effective learning begins with the Setting of clear and high expectations and learning outcomes

Principle of learning

Learning is an active process

Principle of learning

Learning is the Discovery of Personal meaning and relevance ideas

Principle of learning

Learning is a Cooperative and collaborative process

3 major laws of Edward thorndike

Law of readiness, Law of exercise and Law of effect

Four secondary laws of Edward thorndike

Law of Primacy, Recency, Contiguity and Intensity

The teacher should involve her students in planning the instructional objective before starting a lesson because

With shared objectives, they become self motivated

Law states that things most recently learned are best remembered. The further a learner is removed in time from a new fact or understanding, the more difficult it is to remember.

Law of recency

It is immediate, exciting or dramatic learning connected to a real situation teaches a learner more than a routine or boring experience.

Law of Intensity

Law state of being first, often creates a strong, almost unshakable impression and underlies the reason an instructor must teach correctly the first time and the student must learn correctly the first time.

Law of primacy

A law stating that it two ideas occur together, then the recollection of one will likely stimulated recall of the other.

Law of contiguity

Law that is the basic needs of the learner must be satisfied before she is ready or capable of learning.

Law of readiness

Law that is strengthened with practice and weakened when practice is discontinued which reflects the adage "use it or lose it.

Law of excercise

Law that responses that produce a statisying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again that situation and responses that produce.

Law of effect

It is approach in teaching language starts by giving learners rules, then examples, then practice. It is a teacher-centered approach to presenting new content.

Deductive approach

Example of this approach: the form and use of the third conditional is explained to learners, then they have a gap-fill excercise to complete then prepare their own examples.

Deductive approach

It is a student-led approach to teaching. In teaching, teachers provide learners with examples and allow them to arrive at their own conclusions.

Inductive teaching approach

It is approach believes in the rights of students and teachers to work in a safe, calm and professional environment. These rights must be enforced by _________ but calm teacher who enforces order and structure within the classroom.

Assertive

It is approach that linked to the teacher who enforces various classroom activities to keep the students busy.

Business academic approach

It includes a series of teacher-implemented activities and actions aimed at improving classroom behavior. Encouraged behaviors might include staying seated, requesting permission to talk, remaining on task, proper care of classroom books and tools and treating others students with respect.

Behavioral modification

It is responding immediately to group student behaviour that might be undesirable in order to prevent problems rather than having to deal with them after they come up.

Group managerial approach

It invovles manipulating or changing the surface behavior of the student on a group basis. Discipline and classroom control are produce through the group atmosphere and enhanced through group rapport.

Group guidance

It is based on the assumption that when students are given such acceptance by the teacher and peers, behavior and achievement improve. This approach is rooted in humanistic psychology and maintains that every person has a prime need for acceptance.

Acceptance approach

It when students feel a great sense of belonging, they're more likely to be academically engaged and demonstrate positive behavior.

Success approach

The teacher's awareness of what is going on in the classroom is called

Withitness

It is when teacher shows that they have control of the classroom by being able to do more than one thing at a time. By doing more than at a time, it shows the teacher "has it".

Overlapping

Teacher ends an activity or stops discussing a topic before it is completed is

Dangling

It is when the teacher burst into activities without assessing readiness and gives statements or questions that confuse students.

Thrust

It reduces the physical distance between herself and a student as a way to remind that student of behavioral expectation.

Proximity control

It is when the teacher can have students make hand gestures, that will tell the teacher whether the student has a comment or question concerning the lesson. This technique allows the teacher to have an ideal about those students who may cause an unwanted tangent and those who may have a good question, pertaining to utilize the time effectively.

Smoothness

It is a nonverbal intervention that communicated that a behavior is not appropriate. It is helpful during instruction because it lets the student who is misbehaving know that their behavior is not ok, yet it does not cause distraction to the rest of the class.

Signal interference

It is mostly teacher directed. With this tool, the teacher is imploring legitimate authority by telling the student she is boss and expects certain behavior. There is really no student voice, but the teacher laying down the law to enforce rules or behaviors.

Direct appeal

It is when the teacher removes any object that distracts student's attention.

Removal of seductive object

In essence a student is removed, temporarily, from a situation where it is likely that she will become a disruptive influence.

Antiseptic bouncing

Set and clarity your rules and expectations on Day one

Good proactive management practice

Why the teacher should arrange the chairs, tables and other physical features properly for flexible interactive

In order to facilitate interactive teaching-learning processes during class activities

Thorndike's law of effect states that connection between stimulus and response is strengthened when the consequence is

Positve

It is one of the Principles of learning states that learning is emotional as well as intellectual.

Learning is maximized if feelings and thoughts are in harmony

It is used when the Large number if topics are given in a limited time and if the concepts are new

Lecture method

It used when the Materials are limited and too risky to be used.

Demonstration method

It is also known as constructive method.

Discovery method

It provides students with opportunities to engage in processes of investigation and inquiry which is believed to enhance quality education.

Laboratory method

It is a teaching method in which complex real world problems are used as the vehicle to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct presentation of facts and concepts.

Problem based method

The teacher is completely in charge and guides the lesson. She also in charge of the discussion and asks questions by calling on students for answers.

Expository method

It is process by which you ask questions and help the students find their own anwers. It is an alternative to direct instruction where you are supplying the answer.

Exploratory method

It is a group discussion to produce ideas or solve problems. To enhance creativity of the child.

Brainstorming

It deals with learning where students are assigned roles and participation by the teacher. Groups are hetergenously; each member gets a specific task that fits into a larger whole. Using this approach gives students the opportunity to provides support to each other, helping them acquire the important collaborative skills they'll need bring into the workforce.

Cooperative method

It is when the teacher actually spends in the classroom giving instruction by various means.

Teaching time

It is the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change.

Role play

It is the ultimate aim of classroom management.

To set up condition that brings about effective teaching and learning

If students are reading English text, it is the best technique that would help them to activate their prior knowledge.

KWL Chart

It focuses on closing the gap between what and what might be.

Reflective method

It is composed of 5 members and below.

Buzz session

It invovles a brief period of direct instruction and teacher demonstration but is also incorporates immediate opportunities for students to immerse themselves in the skill or concept being taught.

Mini lesson

Large audiences are divided into sub-groups of six people who generate ideas for six minutes. Each group selects a secretary who records ideas and reports them to the large group.

Philip 66

It used to know how it feels like in the actual scenario.

Simulation method

It includes a range of approaches in which learners work in pairs or small groups to provide each other with explicit teaching support.

Peer tutoring

It is a meeting or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged.

Forum

It is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject.

Symposium

It is a specific format used in meeting, conference or convention. It is a live, in person or virtual discussion about a specific topic amongst a selected groups of experts who share differing perspective in front of an audience.

Panel discussion

It is a closed questions which can be answered with one or two words, generally just 'yes' or 'no'. They are good at establishing facts and forcing choices.

Convergent question

It is an open questions cannot be answered with simple 'yes' or 'no' answers.

Divergent question

It is designed to encourage deep thought about specific topic. They are typically open-ended questions, meaning the answers are primarily subjective. It is intended to promote critical thinking as well as to get the person asked to explor their personal thoughts and feelings about a particular subject.

Probing

It forces you to expand your thinking and fully explore an issue before drawing conclusions.

Prompting

3 seconds for a lower order questions and as much as 10 seconds or more for a higher order questions. Pausing or _______, before and after asking and after a response, encourages students to extend their answers.

Wait time

It is helpful information or criticism about prior action or behavior from an individual, communicated to another individual (or a group) who can use that information to adjust and improve current and future actions and behaviors.

Feedback

When we meet someone and first impression of him is very positive, then we tend to ignore the negative characteristics. We start seeing the person in the halo of the positive first impression.

Halo effect

It is our first impression about a person is negative, we tend to ignore his positive characteristics and concentrate only on the negative ones. We tend to see the person in the light of the negative first impression and hence there is higher probability that will not like the person.

Horn error

It is a type of question will least promote interaction among students.

Conceptual question

It is the phenomenon where raters assign scores to most subjects that are average regardless of the differences in performance between subjects. A rater can be someone who is judging a performance or skill.

Central tendency

It is often called "Favoritism". Teachers are said to favor certain students over others at schools and especially in their classes.

Generosity error

It refers to the increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched and paid attention to by the teacher.

Hawthorne effect

If teachers were led to expect enhanced performance from some children, then the children did indeed show that enhancement.

Rosenthal effect

If teachers were led to expect enhanced performance from some children, then the children did indeed show that enhancement.

Pygmalion effect

For a teacher to establish and maintain consistent standards of learner's behavior, they should do all of the following:

Give immediate feedback to reinforce appropriate behavior

For a teacher to establish and maintain consistent standards of learner's behavior, they should do all of the following:

Communicate and enforce school policies and procedures clearly and consistently

For a teacher to establish and maintain consistent standards of learner's behavior, they should do all of the following:

Handle behavior problems promptly and with due respect to learner's rights

For meaningful teaching and learning, it is best to connect the lesson to the life of students by integrating and a relevant in the lesson. The principle of learning being applied is

Lesson objectives must integrate 2 or 3 domains

A question is raised by one student. You don't answer it but throw back the question to the class. This reacting behavior is called

Redirecting questions to other pupils

When the teacher get a partially correct answer from the students then handled the response "Yes but a part needs improvement."

Provided a corrective feedback

To obtain well thought out answer, the questioning behavior helps allowing

Wait time

It is to develop the student's critical thinking skills.

Divergent and open-ended questions

Rejecting student's anwers outright is

Not good practice because it does not promote interaction between the teacher and the students

Let students learn the steps in opening a computer by making them follow the steps. This principles of learning is called

Learning is an active process

Good teaching goes beyond recall of information. So the role of the teacher is to

Make the students connect facts learned to form concepts and abstractions

Learning is meaningful

When the teacher asks the class to show application of what they learned to their daily life

When you begin teaching with concrete example then come in with conclusion.

Inductive method

It is more interactive than __________

Inductive method, Deductive method

It is type of review which presents the sum total of all activities previously presented

Cumulative

It is also known as "Inquiry based." Creating problems and find the solutions.

Problem based method

It used for integrative purposes.

Thematic approach

In the instructional process as the teacher completes the instruction of the lesson, ________ serves as the basis of new lesson.

New information

The example are teaching facilitated, high student invovlement and inquiry teaching.

Exploratory strategies

These are the important factors to be considered in the choice of the best method to be employed.

Nature of learners, aims and objectives of the lesson and available materials in the community

Substandard teaching competence of teachers may cause

Poor classroom instruction

It uses a variety of techniques (rewards, reinforcement) to sustain interest and effective learning.

Behavior modification approach

It is tool to foster creativity of the students

Brainstorming

The higher the level of the questions the _______ the wait time

Longer

It is a technique to assess the class's knowledge on the lesson before you proceed.

Reaction guide

100

It is presented wherein the learner meets the learning experience through understanding analysis and generalizations of facts presented.

Development lesson

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