問題一覧
1
A statement that explains the
meaning of a word, phrase, or
concept. It provides a clear
explanation of what
something is, what it is for, or
how it is used.
Definition
2
Term which is to be defined.
Definiendum
3
Words used to define a term.
Definien
4
It is the definition which we
generally see in the dictionary
for a book, describing some
particular characteristics of a
concept, things, or
phenomenon.
Formal definition
5
Components are
the term being defined, the class it
belongs to, and its distinguishing
characteristics.
Formal sentences
6
It is a known word in the form
of antonyms and synonyms
can be used for explaining
something unknown.
Informal definition
7
Is more casual
and spontaneous. It is used when
communicating with friends or
family either in writing or in
conversation.
Informal language
8
It is a way of defining a
complex term by giving a
detailed description that goes
beyond a simple and concise
explanation that will help the audience grasp the term’s
applications.
It can be formal or informal.
Extended definition
9
This is also known as
“dictionary definition” as
they're often found in
dictionaries.
It explains the meaning of the
word or term which doesn’t
aim to create new meanings
but rather to clarify or specify
the existing and universally
accepted meaning of a term.
Lexical definition
10
A term can have different
stipulative meanings at
different places or among
different people.
Is a type of definition in which
a new or currently existing
term is given a new specific
meaning for the purposes of
argument or discussion in a
given context .
Stipulative definition
11
Such definitions favour a
particular view or an favour
any view, but are presented in
a neutral form. In such
definitions, emotional,
positive or derogatory
meaning is attached to the
term.
It is usually used in
discussions, debates , etc to
favour or unfavour particular
views.
Persuasive definition
12
A parenthetical definition is a
method used to clarify the
meaning of a difficult word by
providing its definition or a
simpler explanation within
parentheses in a sentence.
It is usually marked of by
round or square brackets,
dashes,or commas .
In other words, if we place a
simpler explanation of a
complex term in brackets to
aid understanding, it is
referred to as a parenthetical
meaning.
Parenthetical definition
13
A
phrase at the beginning of a
sentence that provides
background or sets the scene.
Introductory phrase
14
A sudden
exclamation or remark
inserted into a sentence to
show emotion.
Interjection
15
A phrase inserted into
a sentence as an additional
thought, often showing
personal commentary.
Aside
16
A noun or noun
phrase that renames another noun right beside it.
Appositive
17
A phrase
that adds detail to the entire
sentence, usually including a
noun and a participle.
Absolute phrase
18
A descriptive
phrase that adds information
and can move freely within a
sentence.
Free modifier
19
A
phrase that repeats a keyword
to expand on a point.
Resumptive modifier
20
A
phrase that summarizes the main idea of the sentence at
the end.
Summative modifier
21
explains
a term in the form of a
complete sentence.
It usually includes a subject
and a predicate and can be a
statement, question,
exclamation, or command. A
sentence may consist of a
single main clause or include
additional subordinate
clauses.
In simple terms, a sentence is
a word or a set of words that
clearly expresses an idea,
gives information, or issues a
command.
Sentence definition
22
Such definitions specify the
properties, features,
meanings , and the necessary
and sufficient conditions of a
term.
Explains a term by describing
what it is, rather than by
pointing to specific examples
or instances.
Intention definition
23
Assumes the questioner has
sufficient understanding to
recognize the type of
information being given.
Literal meaning of ______
is denoting a way of defining
by direct demonstration, e.g.
pointing.
It is usually accompanied with
a gesture pointing to the
object serving as an example,
and for this reason is also
often referred to as
“definition by pointing”.
Ostensive definition
24
Occurs when an
argument includes information or points
that may appear significant but are
irrelevant to the conclusion of that
argument.
fallacy of relevance
25
Illegitimate mode of
persuasion that uses
force, threat of force,
or threats to a person’s
security.
Appeal to force
26
Pity is evoked to
support a statement.
The goal is to make an
appeal to compassion
to win an argument.
Appeal to pity
27
Exploiting the
emotions, prejudices,
or sentiments rather
than facts or logical
reasoning. It relies on
emotional appeal.
mob appeal fallacy
28
Attack against the man.
Ad hominem
29
Somebody
attacks the character of
the person.
Abusive argument
30
Discredit the source of
the belief or statement.
Circumstantial argument
31
or
"You-Too" Argument, Attempt to defend
oneself against some
accusation by making a
countercharge against
one's accuser.
tu quoque fallacy
32
Similar to ad hominem
.
Instead of attacking the
person, it discredits a belief or statement
based on its origin.
genetic fallacy
33
Hasty generalization
occurs when a general
rule is applied to a
specific case without
considering exceptions.
fallacy of accident
34
Someone
misrepresents an
opponent's argument
in order to criticize it
more effectively.
they deny the revised
version while falsely
claiming to have
disproven the original
argument.
straw man fallacy
35
Someone argues for a
conclusion that doesn’t
actually follow from the
evidence or reasoning
they provided.
Ignoratio elenchi
36
Arguer distracts the
listener by shifting the
topic to a different but
somewhat related
issue.
Red herring
37
Math or numbers are
used to make an
argument seem more
accurate than it really
is, without considering
whether the math
applies correctly to the
situation.
arithmetical fallacy
HRE
HRE
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37問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
A statement that explains the
meaning of a word, phrase, or
concept. It provides a clear
explanation of what
something is, what it is for, or
how it is used.
Definition
2
Term which is to be defined.
Definiendum
3
Words used to define a term.
Definien
4
It is the definition which we
generally see in the dictionary
for a book, describing some
particular characteristics of a
concept, things, or
phenomenon.
Formal definition
5
Components are
the term being defined, the class it
belongs to, and its distinguishing
characteristics.
Formal sentences
6
It is a known word in the form
of antonyms and synonyms
can be used for explaining
something unknown.
Informal definition
7
Is more casual
and spontaneous. It is used when
communicating with friends or
family either in writing or in
conversation.
Informal language
8
It is a way of defining a
complex term by giving a
detailed description that goes
beyond a simple and concise
explanation that will help the audience grasp the term’s
applications.
It can be formal or informal.
Extended definition
9
This is also known as
“dictionary definition” as
they're often found in
dictionaries.
It explains the meaning of the
word or term which doesn’t
aim to create new meanings
but rather to clarify or specify
the existing and universally
accepted meaning of a term.
Lexical definition
10
A term can have different
stipulative meanings at
different places or among
different people.
Is a type of definition in which
a new or currently existing
term is given a new specific
meaning for the purposes of
argument or discussion in a
given context .
Stipulative definition
11
Such definitions favour a
particular view or an favour
any view, but are presented in
a neutral form. In such
definitions, emotional,
positive or derogatory
meaning is attached to the
term.
It is usually used in
discussions, debates , etc to
favour or unfavour particular
views.
Persuasive definition
12
A parenthetical definition is a
method used to clarify the
meaning of a difficult word by
providing its definition or a
simpler explanation within
parentheses in a sentence.
It is usually marked of by
round or square brackets,
dashes,or commas .
In other words, if we place a
simpler explanation of a
complex term in brackets to
aid understanding, it is
referred to as a parenthetical
meaning.
Parenthetical definition
13
A
phrase at the beginning of a
sentence that provides
background or sets the scene.
Introductory phrase
14
A sudden
exclamation or remark
inserted into a sentence to
show emotion.
Interjection
15
A phrase inserted into
a sentence as an additional
thought, often showing
personal commentary.
Aside
16
A noun or noun
phrase that renames another noun right beside it.
Appositive
17
A phrase
that adds detail to the entire
sentence, usually including a
noun and a participle.
Absolute phrase
18
A descriptive
phrase that adds information
and can move freely within a
sentence.
Free modifier
19
A
phrase that repeats a keyword
to expand on a point.
Resumptive modifier
20
A
phrase that summarizes the main idea of the sentence at
the end.
Summative modifier
21
explains
a term in the form of a
complete sentence.
It usually includes a subject
and a predicate and can be a
statement, question,
exclamation, or command. A
sentence may consist of a
single main clause or include
additional subordinate
clauses.
In simple terms, a sentence is
a word or a set of words that
clearly expresses an idea,
gives information, or issues a
command.
Sentence definition
22
Such definitions specify the
properties, features,
meanings , and the necessary
and sufficient conditions of a
term.
Explains a term by describing
what it is, rather than by
pointing to specific examples
or instances.
Intention definition
23
Assumes the questioner has
sufficient understanding to
recognize the type of
information being given.
Literal meaning of ______
is denoting a way of defining
by direct demonstration, e.g.
pointing.
It is usually accompanied with
a gesture pointing to the
object serving as an example,
and for this reason is also
often referred to as
“definition by pointing”.
Ostensive definition
24
Occurs when an
argument includes information or points
that may appear significant but are
irrelevant to the conclusion of that
argument.
fallacy of relevance
25
Illegitimate mode of
persuasion that uses
force, threat of force,
or threats to a person’s
security.
Appeal to force
26
Pity is evoked to
support a statement.
The goal is to make an
appeal to compassion
to win an argument.
Appeal to pity
27
Exploiting the
emotions, prejudices,
or sentiments rather
than facts or logical
reasoning. It relies on
emotional appeal.
mob appeal fallacy
28
Attack against the man.
Ad hominem
29
Somebody
attacks the character of
the person.
Abusive argument
30
Discredit the source of
the belief or statement.
Circumstantial argument
31
or
"You-Too" Argument, Attempt to defend
oneself against some
accusation by making a
countercharge against
one's accuser.
tu quoque fallacy
32
Similar to ad hominem
.
Instead of attacking the
person, it discredits a belief or statement
based on its origin.
genetic fallacy
33
Hasty generalization
occurs when a general
rule is applied to a
specific case without
considering exceptions.
fallacy of accident
34
Someone
misrepresents an
opponent's argument
in order to criticize it
more effectively.
they deny the revised
version while falsely
claiming to have
disproven the original
argument.
straw man fallacy
35
Someone argues for a
conclusion that doesn’t
actually follow from the
evidence or reasoning
they provided.
Ignoratio elenchi
36
Arguer distracts the
listener by shifting the
topic to a different but
somewhat related
issue.
Red herring
37
Math or numbers are
used to make an
argument seem more
accurate than it really
is, without considering
whether the math
applies correctly to the
situation.
arithmetical fallacy