問題一覧
1
____ stated that there are different definitions of community to which you may not find all the definitions may not apply to your situation/ community. The term community as a concept connotes a wide range of meanings.
Aggrawal
2
The ____ is dynamic and diverse in every aspect: class, religion, age, gender, language, and status. They act, interact, change and at times can evolve.
community
3
Four types of community
geographic community, community of identity, community of interest or solidarity, intentional community
4
It is the traditional characteristic of a typology of which most scholars agree on.
geographic community
5
It has physical boundaries by which make it distinct or separate. It neighborhood usually has a diverse population with individuals and groups occupying different physical space by which each have a different characteristic such as economic status, religion, occupation, etc. In this type of community you will notice that those who live in the center of the community or who have access to utilities like water, sewage, and roads.
geographic community
6
It implies common identifiable characteristics or attributes such as having in common a culture.
community of identity
7
This community incorporates social movements such as women’s rights, political party, peace, human rights, environment, or anti-racial discrimination.
community of interest
8
This community may be formal or informal. One thing is certain that this voluntary in nature.
community of identity
9
This community is where in individuals come together voluntarily and are supportive of each.
intentional community
10
Cities, which have a population of at least 50,000 inhabitants in contiguous dense grid cells (>1,500 inhabitants per km2);
urban
11
Towns and semi-dense areas, ( Otherwise known as suburban) which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km2; and
urban
12
_____, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells
rural
13
A community away from the city with lots of open spaces and natural areas
rural
14
but different representations of space competing against each other in a process to determine within society the reality that society is ( Guy, 2009)
global-local
15
_____ produced by societies according to the spatial practices that exist within the society
social space
16
unlimited three-dimensional expanse in which all material objects are located or an interval of distance or time between two points, objects, or events
physical social space
17
is a group of people, who may or may not meet one another face to face, who exchange ideas and words through the mediation of digital networks
virtual community
18
is defined as any activity that increases the understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of local services.It also refers to forms of collective mobilization where individuals or groups come together to identify their own needs and determine their own forms of action to meet those needs.
community action
19
There he listed the following as a conviction to solve poverty
sacrifice, moral obligation, mobilization, strategy,
20
by nation to urge war against an ancient impersonal foe to meet a national need
sacrifice
21
providing awareness that would stir and energize the nation’s conscience;
moral obligation
22
“total mobilization of all the nation’s resources; moral, spiritual, intellectual and financial, to challenge a condition.
mobilization
23
National effort, resources, centralized command and larger attacks; The Battle Plan: defines the objective, identifies the enemy and chooses weapons and tactics.
strategy
24
People live in a similar setting
common contexy
25
-People encounter a comparable experience individually or collectively.
common experience
26
People have more or less a similar view of the issue at hand
common understanding of issue
27
People went through a process of analyzing the issue and may have a similar take on the issue partly or in a whole.
common analysis
28
People usually establish a minimum standard in undertaking an action together.
acceptable standard
29
-People discuss and agree on what action to take, who will take the lead, who will do the supporting roles, and who will do other tasks
action acceptable to the community
30
the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of those people
community engagement
31
unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on community of interests, objectives, and standards.
solidarity
32
adherence of each one of the members of a human community to the same values
solidarity
33
is a feeling of unity based on common interests or goals, shared by many individuals, which makes them belong to the same social group, work together towards achieving the same goals, or fight together for the same cause.
community solidarity
34
Emile Durkheim stated that you can observe solidarity in three ways (Aleteia, 2018)
community solidarity, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity
35
seen in a company, is the interdependence that exists among the various individuals due to the strong specialization of each one of them and the division of technical labor in different functions.
organic solidarity
36
characterized by a total competence and independence of each individual in most of the jobs, in which case the individuals have no need of the others.
mechanical solidarity
37
refers to the status of being a citizen and the quality of an individual's response to membership in a community
citizenship
38
“the person’s strong connection to the 5Rs of rights, responsibilities, roles, resources, and relationships that society offers to its members through public and social institutions. Its a sense of belonging and that this sense is understood and reinforced by others.
citizenship
39
based on the democratic idea that everyone who is affected by an issue that impacts their community should have a say in the decision making around it.
community engagement
40
"A movement designed to promote better living for the whole community with active participation and on the initiative of the whole community.”
community development
41
means that a community itself engages in a process aimed at improving the social, economic and environmental situation of the community
community development
42
process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.
community development
43
Some Community Involvement
Communication flows from one to the other, to inform
Provides community with information.
Entities coexist
Outcomes: Optimally, establishes communica- fion channels and chan nels for outreach.
outreach
44
Increasing level of community involvement
outreach, consult, involve, collaborate, shared leadership
45
Mone Community Involvement
Communication flows to the community and then back, answer seeking Gets information or feed- back from the community.
Entities share information.
Outcomes: Develops con- nections.
consult
46
Better Community Involvement
Communication flows both ways, participatory form of communication Involves more participa tion with community on Issues
Entities cooperate with each other.
Outcomes: Visibility of partnership established with increased coopera tion.
involve
47
Community Involvement Communication flow is bidirectional
Forms partnerships with community on each aspect of project from development to solution.
Entities form bidirectional communication channels.
Outcomes: Partnership building, trust building.
collaborat3
48
Strong Bidirectional Relationship
Final decision making is
at community level. Entities have formed strong partnership structures.
Outcomes: Broader health outcomes affect- ing broader community. Strong bidirectional trust built
shared leadership
49
Gilchrist and Taylor in their article, The Short Guide to Community Development (2011).suggest there are three vital aspects of community development:
informal education, collective action, organization development
50
Engagement changes the choice and focus of projects, how they are initiated, and their potential to obtain funding. New areas for collaboration are identified, and funding that requires community engagement becomes accessible.
agenda
51
Improvements to study design, tools, interventions, representation/participation, data collection and analysis, communication, and dissemination can be implemented. New interventions or previously unappreciated causal links can be identified through the community’s knowledge of local circumstances. The speed and efficiency of the project can be enhanced by rapidly engaging partners and participants and identifying new sources of information
display and delivery
52
Improvements can be made in the way research findings are used to bring about change and capacity for change and the maintenance of long-term partnerships can be expanded.
implementation and change
53
Engagement creates opportunities to improve the consent process, identify ethical pitfalls, and create processes for resolving ethical problems when they arise
ethic
54
the knowledge and skills of the public involved in the project can be enhanced, and their contributions can be recognized (possibly through financial rewards. These efforts foster goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations
the public involved in the project
55
can gain enhanced understanding of the issue under study and appreciation of the role and value of community involvement, which sometimes result in direct career benefitsIn addition, new insights into the relevance of a project and the various benefits to be gained from it can result in increased opportunities to disseminate its findings and their wider use
academic partners
56
Improvements in the way studies are carried out can make it easier to participate in them and bring benefits to participants
individual research project
57
These organizations can gain enhanced knowledge, a higher profile in the community, more linkages with other community members and entities, and new organizational capacity. These benefits can create goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations
community organizational
58
the general public is likely to be more receptive to the research and reap greater benefits from it.
general public
59
PRINCIPLES FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITIES AND STAKEHOLDERS
community, transparency, collaboration, inclusiveness, integrity
60
Open and effective engagement involves both listening and talking
a) Two-way communication b) Clear, accurate and relevant information
c) Timeliness
communication
61
Clear and agreed information and feedback processes
transparency
62
Working cooperatively to seek mutually beneficial outcomes
collaboration
63
Recognize, understand and involve communities and stakeholders early and throughout the process
inclusiveness
64
Conduct engagement in a manner that fosters mutual respect and trust
integrity
65
Some forms of community engagement are particularly good at encouraging participation and generating interest and ideas
art and creativity
66
Maps and photographs of an area or specific location are used to illustrate how people view their area: what they like or dislike or improvements they would like to see. Ideas are generated in small group discussions and recorded on ‘post-its ‘or pre-prepared cards. Discussions should be facilitated to help people explore issues, build consensus or identify areas of conflict.
community mapping
67
provide an opportunity to consult large numbers of people. Meetings can be organized to allow for small group discussions with oral feedback. There are often opportunities for participants to set or influence the agenda and to ask questions
public meetings
68
allow people to discuss their ideas in an open and relaxed atmosphere. Workshops can take a variety of formats Focus groups by contrast are designed to specifically concentrate on a single issue or a program of topics.
work shop and focus groups
69
is a regular meeting of people who represent a group or organization and may be issue or area based. Those involved typically comprise members of civic, political, professional, economic or social groups from a local area.
forum
70
processes to choose from such as online discussion forums and blogs, Facebook, online surveys, social networking, ratings and voting and digital interactive TV.
Web based activities enable people to choose where, when and for how long they want to participate
web based engagement
71
can be used as a tool for consensus building. They have multi-stakeholder involvement, operate by consensus and can generate co-operation to promote the environmental, economic and social sustainability of a community. The basic premise is that all participants, from business interests to the local community, are equal
rountable discussion
72
involve ongoing panels of around 1,000 to 2,000 people who are representative of the local community. The panel is surveyed several times a year by post, telephone or online
citizens panel
73
can be undertaken to identify the needs and views of a large number of people in a standard format. The main stages involved are: defining the sample size and the type of information required; deciding on the type of survey to be used (postal, drop and collect, telephone or interview); survey design; piloting the survey; undertaking the survey and post-completion analysis of the results.
community surveys
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1
____ stated that there are different definitions of community to which you may not find all the definitions may not apply to your situation/ community. The term community as a concept connotes a wide range of meanings.
Aggrawal
2
The ____ is dynamic and diverse in every aspect: class, religion, age, gender, language, and status. They act, interact, change and at times can evolve.
community
3
Four types of community
geographic community, community of identity, community of interest or solidarity, intentional community
4
It is the traditional characteristic of a typology of which most scholars agree on.
geographic community
5
It has physical boundaries by which make it distinct or separate. It neighborhood usually has a diverse population with individuals and groups occupying different physical space by which each have a different characteristic such as economic status, religion, occupation, etc. In this type of community you will notice that those who live in the center of the community or who have access to utilities like water, sewage, and roads.
geographic community
6
It implies common identifiable characteristics or attributes such as having in common a culture.
community of identity
7
This community incorporates social movements such as women’s rights, political party, peace, human rights, environment, or anti-racial discrimination.
community of interest
8
This community may be formal or informal. One thing is certain that this voluntary in nature.
community of identity
9
This community is where in individuals come together voluntarily and are supportive of each.
intentional community
10
Cities, which have a population of at least 50,000 inhabitants in contiguous dense grid cells (>1,500 inhabitants per km2);
urban
11
Towns and semi-dense areas, ( Otherwise known as suburban) which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km2; and
urban
12
_____, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells
rural
13
A community away from the city with lots of open spaces and natural areas
rural
14
but different representations of space competing against each other in a process to determine within society the reality that society is ( Guy, 2009)
global-local
15
_____ produced by societies according to the spatial practices that exist within the society
social space
16
unlimited three-dimensional expanse in which all material objects are located or an interval of distance or time between two points, objects, or events
physical social space
17
is a group of people, who may or may not meet one another face to face, who exchange ideas and words through the mediation of digital networks
virtual community
18
is defined as any activity that increases the understanding, engagement and empowerment of communities in the design and delivery of local services.It also refers to forms of collective mobilization where individuals or groups come together to identify their own needs and determine their own forms of action to meet those needs.
community action
19
There he listed the following as a conviction to solve poverty
sacrifice, moral obligation, mobilization, strategy,
20
by nation to urge war against an ancient impersonal foe to meet a national need
sacrifice
21
providing awareness that would stir and energize the nation’s conscience;
moral obligation
22
“total mobilization of all the nation’s resources; moral, spiritual, intellectual and financial, to challenge a condition.
mobilization
23
National effort, resources, centralized command and larger attacks; The Battle Plan: defines the objective, identifies the enemy and chooses weapons and tactics.
strategy
24
People live in a similar setting
common contexy
25
-People encounter a comparable experience individually or collectively.
common experience
26
People have more or less a similar view of the issue at hand
common understanding of issue
27
People went through a process of analyzing the issue and may have a similar take on the issue partly or in a whole.
common analysis
28
People usually establish a minimum standard in undertaking an action together.
acceptable standard
29
-People discuss and agree on what action to take, who will take the lead, who will do the supporting roles, and who will do other tasks
action acceptable to the community
30
the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the well-being of those people
community engagement
31
unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on community of interests, objectives, and standards.
solidarity
32
adherence of each one of the members of a human community to the same values
solidarity
33
is a feeling of unity based on common interests or goals, shared by many individuals, which makes them belong to the same social group, work together towards achieving the same goals, or fight together for the same cause.
community solidarity
34
Emile Durkheim stated that you can observe solidarity in three ways (Aleteia, 2018)
community solidarity, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity
35
seen in a company, is the interdependence that exists among the various individuals due to the strong specialization of each one of them and the division of technical labor in different functions.
organic solidarity
36
characterized by a total competence and independence of each individual in most of the jobs, in which case the individuals have no need of the others.
mechanical solidarity
37
refers to the status of being a citizen and the quality of an individual's response to membership in a community
citizenship
38
“the person’s strong connection to the 5Rs of rights, responsibilities, roles, resources, and relationships that society offers to its members through public and social institutions. Its a sense of belonging and that this sense is understood and reinforced by others.
citizenship
39
based on the democratic idea that everyone who is affected by an issue that impacts their community should have a say in the decision making around it.
community engagement
40
"A movement designed to promote better living for the whole community with active participation and on the initiative of the whole community.”
community development
41
means that a community itself engages in a process aimed at improving the social, economic and environmental situation of the community
community development
42
process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems.
community development
43
Some Community Involvement
Communication flows from one to the other, to inform
Provides community with information.
Entities coexist
Outcomes: Optimally, establishes communica- fion channels and chan nels for outreach.
outreach
44
Increasing level of community involvement
outreach, consult, involve, collaborate, shared leadership
45
Mone Community Involvement
Communication flows to the community and then back, answer seeking Gets information or feed- back from the community.
Entities share information.
Outcomes: Develops con- nections.
consult
46
Better Community Involvement
Communication flows both ways, participatory form of communication Involves more participa tion with community on Issues
Entities cooperate with each other.
Outcomes: Visibility of partnership established with increased coopera tion.
involve
47
Community Involvement Communication flow is bidirectional
Forms partnerships with community on each aspect of project from development to solution.
Entities form bidirectional communication channels.
Outcomes: Partnership building, trust building.
collaborat3
48
Strong Bidirectional Relationship
Final decision making is
at community level. Entities have formed strong partnership structures.
Outcomes: Broader health outcomes affect- ing broader community. Strong bidirectional trust built
shared leadership
49
Gilchrist and Taylor in their article, The Short Guide to Community Development (2011).suggest there are three vital aspects of community development:
informal education, collective action, organization development
50
Engagement changes the choice and focus of projects, how they are initiated, and their potential to obtain funding. New areas for collaboration are identified, and funding that requires community engagement becomes accessible.
agenda
51
Improvements to study design, tools, interventions, representation/participation, data collection and analysis, communication, and dissemination can be implemented. New interventions or previously unappreciated causal links can be identified through the community’s knowledge of local circumstances. The speed and efficiency of the project can be enhanced by rapidly engaging partners and participants and identifying new sources of information
display and delivery
52
Improvements can be made in the way research findings are used to bring about change and capacity for change and the maintenance of long-term partnerships can be expanded.
implementation and change
53
Engagement creates opportunities to improve the consent process, identify ethical pitfalls, and create processes for resolving ethical problems when they arise
ethic
54
the knowledge and skills of the public involved in the project can be enhanced, and their contributions can be recognized (possibly through financial rewards. These efforts foster goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations
the public involved in the project
55
can gain enhanced understanding of the issue under study and appreciation of the role and value of community involvement, which sometimes result in direct career benefitsIn addition, new insights into the relevance of a project and the various benefits to be gained from it can result in increased opportunities to disseminate its findings and their wider use
academic partners
56
Improvements in the way studies are carried out can make it easier to participate in them and bring benefits to participants
individual research project
57
These organizations can gain enhanced knowledge, a higher profile in the community, more linkages with other community members and entities, and new organizational capacity. These benefits can create goodwill and help lay the groundwork for subsequent collaborations
community organizational
58
the general public is likely to be more receptive to the research and reap greater benefits from it.
general public
59
PRINCIPLES FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITIES AND STAKEHOLDERS
community, transparency, collaboration, inclusiveness, integrity
60
Open and effective engagement involves both listening and talking
a) Two-way communication b) Clear, accurate and relevant information
c) Timeliness
communication
61
Clear and agreed information and feedback processes
transparency
62
Working cooperatively to seek mutually beneficial outcomes
collaboration
63
Recognize, understand and involve communities and stakeholders early and throughout the process
inclusiveness
64
Conduct engagement in a manner that fosters mutual respect and trust
integrity
65
Some forms of community engagement are particularly good at encouraging participation and generating interest and ideas
art and creativity
66
Maps and photographs of an area or specific location are used to illustrate how people view their area: what they like or dislike or improvements they would like to see. Ideas are generated in small group discussions and recorded on ‘post-its ‘or pre-prepared cards. Discussions should be facilitated to help people explore issues, build consensus or identify areas of conflict.
community mapping
67
provide an opportunity to consult large numbers of people. Meetings can be organized to allow for small group discussions with oral feedback. There are often opportunities for participants to set or influence the agenda and to ask questions
public meetings
68
allow people to discuss their ideas in an open and relaxed atmosphere. Workshops can take a variety of formats Focus groups by contrast are designed to specifically concentrate on a single issue or a program of topics.
work shop and focus groups
69
is a regular meeting of people who represent a group or organization and may be issue or area based. Those involved typically comprise members of civic, political, professional, economic or social groups from a local area.
forum
70
processes to choose from such as online discussion forums and blogs, Facebook, online surveys, social networking, ratings and voting and digital interactive TV.
Web based activities enable people to choose where, when and for how long they want to participate
web based engagement
71
can be used as a tool for consensus building. They have multi-stakeholder involvement, operate by consensus and can generate co-operation to promote the environmental, economic and social sustainability of a community. The basic premise is that all participants, from business interests to the local community, are equal
rountable discussion
72
involve ongoing panels of around 1,000 to 2,000 people who are representative of the local community. The panel is surveyed several times a year by post, telephone or online
citizens panel
73
can be undertaken to identify the needs and views of a large number of people in a standard format. The main stages involved are: defining the sample size and the type of information required; deciding on the type of survey to be used (postal, drop and collect, telephone or interview); survey design; piloting the survey; undertaking the survey and post-completion analysis of the results.
community surveys