問題一覧
1
Carrison views a movie in her home. In the figure, what letter corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses of the movie images from the eye to the brain?
E
2
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
Sensory adaptation
3
The difference between divided attention and selective attention is that divided attention
requires more automatic processing than selective attention does
4
Visual acuity is best in the
fovea
5
Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of
top-down processing
6
The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?
Gestalt principles of closure
7
Carrison views a movie in her home. In the figure, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors that receive the images of the movie?
D
8
Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?
Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.
9
Hailey is fishing on a small boat. The water is choppy, causing Hailey to lose their balance and fall onto the deck. Which of the following senses most likely contributed to Hailey’s fall?
Vestibular
10
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?
Damage to the cerebellum
11
The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave’s
frequency
12
Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people’s ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Group 1 receives dim light, and group 2 receives bright light. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?
An experiment
13
Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume?
Inattentional blindness
14
Jackson paints an American flag using the colors green, yellow, and black instead of red, white, and blue. When people stare at the flag he painted for a period of time, they can see the correctly colored flag in their field of vision for a brief period of time. This phenomenon of negative afterimages is best explained by which of the following theories?
the opponent-process theory
15
Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table.
As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.
16
Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason’s friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent’s trombone?
Selective attention
17
Volunteers were asked to rate the taste of foods during allergy season on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 meaning low intensity of flavor and 10 meaning high intensity of flavor. The researchers also asked participants to rate their level of nasal congestion on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 meaning no nasal congestion and 10 meaning complete blockage of airways with congestion. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from the data presented in the scatterplot?
The experience of flavor is negatively correlated with levels of nasal congestion.
18
Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people
switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention
19
Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?
Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body
20
Janna is an artist and likes using bright, pastel colors in her art. Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?
Cones
21
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.
In the study, cell phone use can be described as
an independent variable
22
Breonna and Peyton have been dating for six months. Breonna invited Peyton to attend her family’s annual picnic. Throughout the day, Breonna’s many family members were talking loudly, laughing, and teasing each other. At the end of the day, Peyton asked Breonna why many of the family members seemed angry at each other. Breonna was surprised by Peyton’s question and thought everyone enjoyed the day.
Which of the following concepts best explains why Peyton and Breonna had very different observations at the picnic?
Perceptual set
23
Which of the following explains transduction?
The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals
24
Neema is training to be a research assistant at a nature preserve. Part of the training involves identifying the color of migrating butterflies’ wings. However, Neema has recently sustained damage to her fovea. Which of the following would predict that she will likely struggle with the training?
Trichromatic theory
25
While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony’s ability using the principle of
figure-ground
26
Balance is influenced by the
semicircular canals
27
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source
28
Special headsets can make objects on the left appear to be on the right and vice versa. At first, people have a hard time walking in these headsets and bump into things, but they eventually adjust and navigate through the environment appropriately. What explains this improvement in function?
Perceptual adaptation
29
It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster
is very sensitive to hot peppers
30
Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by
top-down processing
31
MacKeller looks at the blooming cherry trees on a visit to Washington, DC's National Cherry Blossom Festival. Which of the following refers to the transformation of the visual image of the cherry trees into neural impulses that are perceived by the brain?
Transduction
32
The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of
figure-ground
33
When Kaylee’s friends discovered she was going to have her tonsils removed, they told her she was going to be in a great deal of pain. After the surgery Kaylee reported that she was in a lot of pain, although most of her pain should have been alleviated by her pain medication. Given this scenario, which of the following best explains Kaylee’s reporting of pain?
Top-down processing
34
People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to a particular optical illusion where people judge the length of two different arrows than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that
people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives
35
Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?
The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave.
36
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
gate-control theory
37
The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for
vision
38
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
absolute threshold
39
Carlos sees the figure above as six unified columns, not four unified rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly?
similarity
40
Which of the following concepts is depicted by the graph?
Weber’s law
41
Audra is working on a puzzle book and comes across the following figure. Which of the following Gestalt laws would best explain Audra’s perception of the image?
closure
42
All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?
A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar
43
Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires
selective attention
44
The graph depicts which of the following?
an absolute threshold
45
Cognitive theorists emphasize the
formation and modification of schemas
46
A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that
the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete
47
When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number set but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco’s response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?
Framing
48
Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?
It has a short wavelength and high frequency.
49
Dr. Britt is interested in pain perception while participants are practicing meditation. She asked participants to report their pain on a scale from 1 to 10, where a higher number indicates more pain. The scores for Dr. Britt’s study were 1, 10, 4, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 3, and 9.
4
50
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
perceptual organization
51
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.
Which type of research does the scenario describe?
Experimental
52
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates
top-down processing
53
While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word “exactly.” Zach’s response is an example of
the cocktail party effect
54
An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective attention
55
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
Experimental
56
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
afterimages
57
One theory of hearing suggests that a neuron may fire and then stop firing when a second neuron fires. The first neuron then fires again, while the second one does not. This type of sequence is then repeated in response to auditory stimuli. Which of the following describes this pattern?
Volley theory
58
Holly asks her brother to turn up the music he is playing so she can hear it better. He turns it up one level, and Holly asks him why he didn't turn it up like she asked. Which of the following concepts explains why Holly did not think her brother turned up the music?
The volume had not yet reached the just-noticeable difference threshold.
59
Darby had damage to his brain that resulted in impairment of multiple senses. He most likely experienced damage to which brain structure?
thalamus
60
Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?
I. Opponent process
II. Frequency
III. Place
II and III only
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問題一覧
1
Carrison views a movie in her home. In the figure, what letter corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses of the movie images from the eye to the brain?
E
2
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
Sensory adaptation
3
The difference between divided attention and selective attention is that divided attention
requires more automatic processing than selective attention does
4
Visual acuity is best in the
fovea
5
Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of
top-down processing
6
The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?
Gestalt principles of closure
7
Carrison views a movie in her home. In the figure, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors that receive the images of the movie?
D
8
Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?
Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.
9
Hailey is fishing on a small boat. The water is choppy, causing Hailey to lose their balance and fall onto the deck. Which of the following senses most likely contributed to Hailey’s fall?
Vestibular
10
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?
Damage to the cerebellum
11
The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave’s
frequency
12
Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people’s ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Group 1 receives dim light, and group 2 receives bright light. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?
An experiment
13
Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume?
Inattentional blindness
14
Jackson paints an American flag using the colors green, yellow, and black instead of red, white, and blue. When people stare at the flag he painted for a period of time, they can see the correctly colored flag in their field of vision for a brief period of time. This phenomenon of negative afterimages is best explained by which of the following theories?
the opponent-process theory
15
Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table.
As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.
16
Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason’s friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent’s trombone?
Selective attention
17
Volunteers were asked to rate the taste of foods during allergy season on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 meaning low intensity of flavor and 10 meaning high intensity of flavor. The researchers also asked participants to rate their level of nasal congestion on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 meaning no nasal congestion and 10 meaning complete blockage of airways with congestion. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from the data presented in the scatterplot?
The experience of flavor is negatively correlated with levels of nasal congestion.
18
Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people
switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention
19
Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?
Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body
20
Janna is an artist and likes using bright, pastel colors in her art. Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?
Cones
21
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.
In the study, cell phone use can be described as
an independent variable
22
Breonna and Peyton have been dating for six months. Breonna invited Peyton to attend her family’s annual picnic. Throughout the day, Breonna’s many family members were talking loudly, laughing, and teasing each other. At the end of the day, Peyton asked Breonna why many of the family members seemed angry at each other. Breonna was surprised by Peyton’s question and thought everyone enjoyed the day.
Which of the following concepts best explains why Peyton and Breonna had very different observations at the picnic?
Perceptual set
23
Which of the following explains transduction?
The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals
24
Neema is training to be a research assistant at a nature preserve. Part of the training involves identifying the color of migrating butterflies’ wings. However, Neema has recently sustained damage to her fovea. Which of the following would predict that she will likely struggle with the training?
Trichromatic theory
25
While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony’s ability using the principle of
figure-ground
26
Balance is influenced by the
semicircular canals
27
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source
28
Special headsets can make objects on the left appear to be on the right and vice versa. At first, people have a hard time walking in these headsets and bump into things, but they eventually adjust and navigate through the environment appropriately. What explains this improvement in function?
Perceptual adaptation
29
It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster
is very sensitive to hot peppers
30
Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by
top-down processing
31
MacKeller looks at the blooming cherry trees on a visit to Washington, DC's National Cherry Blossom Festival. Which of the following refers to the transformation of the visual image of the cherry trees into neural impulses that are perceived by the brain?
Transduction
32
The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of
figure-ground
33
When Kaylee’s friends discovered she was going to have her tonsils removed, they told her she was going to be in a great deal of pain. After the surgery Kaylee reported that she was in a lot of pain, although most of her pain should have been alleviated by her pain medication. Given this scenario, which of the following best explains Kaylee’s reporting of pain?
Top-down processing
34
People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to a particular optical illusion where people judge the length of two different arrows than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that
people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives
35
Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?
The sound has a high-amplitude sound wave.
36
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
gate-control theory
37
The occipital lobe of the human brain contains the centers for
vision
38
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
absolute threshold
39
Carlos sees the figure above as six unified columns, not four unified rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly?
similarity
40
Which of the following concepts is depicted by the graph?
Weber’s law
41
Audra is working on a puzzle book and comes across the following figure. Which of the following Gestalt laws would best explain Audra’s perception of the image?
closure
42
All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?
A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar
43
Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires
selective attention
44
The graph depicts which of the following?
an absolute threshold
45
Cognitive theorists emphasize the
formation and modification of schemas
46
A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that
the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete
47
When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number set but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco’s response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?
Framing
48
Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?
It has a short wavelength and high frequency.
49
Dr. Britt is interested in pain perception while participants are practicing meditation. She asked participants to report their pain on a scale from 1 to 10, where a higher number indicates more pain. The scores for Dr. Britt’s study were 1, 10, 4, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7, 3, and 9.
4
50
In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain
perceptual organization
51
A psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on a cell phone or to drive a simulator without talking on a phone.
Which type of research does the scenario describe?
Experimental
52
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates
top-down processing
53
While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word “exactly.” Zach’s response is an example of
the cocktail party effect
54
An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective attention
55
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
Experimental
56
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
afterimages
57
One theory of hearing suggests that a neuron may fire and then stop firing when a second neuron fires. The first neuron then fires again, while the second one does not. This type of sequence is then repeated in response to auditory stimuli. Which of the following describes this pattern?
Volley theory
58
Holly asks her brother to turn up the music he is playing so she can hear it better. He turns it up one level, and Holly asks him why he didn't turn it up like she asked. Which of the following concepts explains why Holly did not think her brother turned up the music?
The volume had not yet reached the just-noticeable difference threshold.
59
Darby had damage to his brain that resulted in impairment of multiple senses. He most likely experienced damage to which brain structure?
thalamus
60
Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?
I. Opponent process
II. Frequency
III. Place
II and III only