問題一覧
1
Which of the following scenarios involves using cued recall?
Steven studies a list of word pairs and is later given the first word of each pair and asked to recall the second word in the pair.
2
Tom believes he performed poorly on his last three history exams because of bad luck. As a result, he believes he is due for a good score on the next exam and does not study because he is sure he will perform well. The error in his thinking is most likely attributable to
the gambler’s fallacy
3
Which of the following research methodologies would present the most ethical problems for studying the causes of anterograde amnesia in humans?
experiment
4
Joe’s best friend Liz says, “I heard the best joke from my sister” and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing
source amnesia
5
Many participants in a study of memory were led to falsely believe that they were lost in a shopping mall as a young child. What memory construction error was demonstrated by the researchers’ ability to create these artificial memories?
misinformation effect
6
Cassidy can only remember the titles of the first few books her teacher told her to get from the library. Which of the following concepts would best explain Cassidy’s experience?
the primacy effect
7
Kay’s ability to ride a bicycle reflects which of the following types of memory?
procedural
8
Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve?
Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.
9
Dr. Meerdink wants to know if creativity varies throughout the day. In a morning class, she asks her college students to list as many uses as possible for a stick. On the same day 12 hours later, she asks students in an evening class to list as many uses as possible for a stick.
Which of the following factors is the dependent variable?
Creativity
10
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Leary designed a study to investigate perception. They asked the participants in Group 1 to read a story about a rabbit and a turtle. Participants in Group 2 did not read the story.
Next, participants looked at a series of ambiguous drawings and identified what they saw. Their observations were recorded and categorized. The results are depicted in the graph.
Which of the following concepts best applies to the results of Group 1?
priming
11
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
ionic
12
Matt finds that when he is doing chores around his home, he can listen to an audiobook and still remember what the story was about. However, when his friends texts him about their plans for the weekend, he realizes that he has to rewind his audiobook because he forgot was the story was about. Which of the following accurately describes the level of processing Matt experiencing for doing chores around his home?
Automatic
13
Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper’s error is that she is basing her judgment on
the representativeness heuristic
14
In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates
proactive interference
15
If Juan tried to learn a long list of words, he would be most likely to forget words that
appeared in the middle of the list
16
While vacationing at the beach Max watches a movie in which a shark is sighted in the ocean. The next afternoon Max is standing in shallow water at the beach and feels something glide past him in the water. He immediately runs back to shore while yelling a warning to fellow swimmers. Which cognitive process is contributing to his reaction?
The availability heuristic
17
Metacognition refers to
thinking about thinking
18
When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word’s meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?
Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.
19
Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
Recalling the equation to determine the volume of a cylinder
20
Robyn finds a computer repair service online. She silently repeats the phone number in her mind until she locates her phone to call the repair service. Which memory system is most useful for Robyn in this scenario?
Working memory
21
When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that represent which of the following?
in the middle of the list
22
Achariya is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Achariya most likely use?
The representativeness heuristic
23
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates context-dependent memory?
Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.
24
Which of the following concepts is depicted in the graph?
the serial position effect
25
A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?
procedural
26
Marie has to assemble a shelf but cannot find her screwdriver. Which of the following would help her complete this task?
divergent thought
27
A man sustains a head injury. After the injury, he is able to tie his shoes, but he does not recall where he lives. Which aspect of the man’s memory is intact and which aspect is dysfunctional, respectively?
Procedural and semantic
28
Dr. Rudolph’s class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?
Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam
29
A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student’s name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using which of the following memory concepts?
maintenance rehearsal
30
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
divergent thinking
31
Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of
accommodation
32
Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by pairing common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved which of the following?
Algorithm
33
When Lois looks at her wedding pictures, she has vivid memories of the early years of her marriage. The pictures serve as
retrieval cues
34
If mice lack an enzyme essential to the process of long-term potentiation, which of the following will be the most likely consequence?
They will be unable to learn a maze
35
Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?
A mental set
36
A group of researchers conduct a study where they tell the participants that they will be doing a memory study, but the researchers were actually measuring levels of anxiety about doing well on a task. The group of researchers should be sure to do which of the following at the conclusion of this study?
Explain the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete.
37
Devi spent time developing a set of note cards for an upcoming test that used word associations based on what the words meant in relation to each other. Which of the following did Devi use with this study method?
Effortful processing
38
A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher’s memory problem most likely results from
retroactive interference
39
When Judy is asked how many windows are in her home, she figures out the exact answer by mentally walking through her house and taking a count. This retrieval technique relies most heavily on
imagery
40
Josie was given a password by her teacher. To remember the password, she repeated it in her mind multiple times until she typed it into her login screen a few moments later. Which of the following concepts was at work?
Phonological loop
41
Barclay is excited about all they will learn in AP Psychology when school starts next week. According to the multi-store model of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves which of the following?
Encoding
42
A researcher wants to determine which studying technique would be more effective: massed practice or distributed practice. The researcher randomly assigns 30 students to two groups and gives them a list of vocabulary words to remember. One of the groups uses a massed practice technique. The other uses a distributed practice technique. The researcher gives the students a quiz four days later to see how well they remembered their list of words. He compared the scores for both groups. What is the dependent variable in this study?
The vocabulary quiz scores
43
Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is
an experiment
44
Tim can no longer create new memories as a result of an accident. Tim is experiencing which of the following types of amnesia?
Anterograde
45
Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim’s fear would most likely be attributed to
the availability heuristic
46
Throughout January and the beginning of February, the first two months of a calendar year, Allison writes the previous year as the date on all her assignments instead of the current year. Allison’s tendency to write the wrong year on her assignments is most likely due to which of the following?
Proactive interference
47
After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing
anterograde amnesia
48
Corey has a list of things he needs from the grocery store but forgets his list at home. At the store, Corey struggles to remember the items on his list, but when he sees a display of oranges, he remembers that oranges were on his list. This is an example of
recognition
49
Hearing the word “ocean” makes Alice think of waves, surfboards, bathing suits, sharks, swimmers, boats, and the beach. The associations she has to the word “ocean” represent which of the following concepts?
Schema
50
Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of
episodic memory
51
During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to
encoding failure
52
Jalil goes to a party where he meets several new people. When he tells his brother about it the next day, he can only remember the names of the last 3 people that he met. Which of the following memory concepts best describes Jalil's memory for the names of the people at the party?
Recency effect
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問題一覧
1
Which of the following scenarios involves using cued recall?
Steven studies a list of word pairs and is later given the first word of each pair and asked to recall the second word in the pair.
2
Tom believes he performed poorly on his last three history exams because of bad luck. As a result, he believes he is due for a good score on the next exam and does not study because he is sure he will perform well. The error in his thinking is most likely attributable to
the gambler’s fallacy
3
Which of the following research methodologies would present the most ethical problems for studying the causes of anterograde amnesia in humans?
experiment
4
Joe’s best friend Liz says, “I heard the best joke from my sister” and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing
source amnesia
5
Many participants in a study of memory were led to falsely believe that they were lost in a shopping mall as a young child. What memory construction error was demonstrated by the researchers’ ability to create these artificial memories?
misinformation effect
6
Cassidy can only remember the titles of the first few books her teacher told her to get from the library. Which of the following concepts would best explain Cassidy’s experience?
the primacy effect
7
Kay’s ability to ride a bicycle reflects which of the following types of memory?
procedural
8
Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve?
Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.
9
Dr. Meerdink wants to know if creativity varies throughout the day. In a morning class, she asks her college students to list as many uses as possible for a stick. On the same day 12 hours later, she asks students in an evening class to list as many uses as possible for a stick.
Which of the following factors is the dependent variable?
Creativity
10
Cognitive psychologist Dr. Leary designed a study to investigate perception. They asked the participants in Group 1 to read a story about a rabbit and a turtle. Participants in Group 2 did not read the story.
Next, participants looked at a series of ambiguous drawings and identified what they saw. Their observations were recorded and categorized. The results are depicted in the graph.
Which of the following concepts best applies to the results of Group 1?
priming
11
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
ionic
12
Matt finds that when he is doing chores around his home, he can listen to an audiobook and still remember what the story was about. However, when his friends texts him about their plans for the weekend, he realizes that he has to rewind his audiobook because he forgot was the story was about. Which of the following accurately describes the level of processing Matt experiencing for doing chores around his home?
Automatic
13
Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper’s error is that she is basing her judgment on
the representativeness heuristic
14
In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates
proactive interference
15
If Juan tried to learn a long list of words, he would be most likely to forget words that
appeared in the middle of the list
16
While vacationing at the beach Max watches a movie in which a shark is sighted in the ocean. The next afternoon Max is standing in shallow water at the beach and feels something glide past him in the water. He immediately runs back to shore while yelling a warning to fellow swimmers. Which cognitive process is contributing to his reaction?
The availability heuristic
17
Metacognition refers to
thinking about thinking
18
When studying for a vocabulary test, Catherine read one of her vocabulary words and its definition aloud several times. About twenty seconds later, she still remembered the word’s meaning, but then she moved on to the next word in the list without engaging in any further strategies to enhance her memory. The next day, she tested herself on the same vocabulary word at the same time, in the same mood, and in the same location as when she had first studied the word, but she could not remember its definition. It is most likely that Catherine could not remember the word because she failed to engage which of the following memory functions?
Long-term memory, because Catherine failed to encode the word; therefore, the word did not become a part of her long-term memory.
19
Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?
Recalling the equation to determine the volume of a cylinder
20
Robyn finds a computer repair service online. She silently repeats the phone number in her mind until she locates her phone to call the repair service. Which memory system is most useful for Robyn in this scenario?
Working memory
21
When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that represent which of the following?
in the middle of the list
22
Achariya is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Achariya most likely use?
The representativeness heuristic
23
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates context-dependent memory?
Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.
24
Which of the following concepts is depicted in the graph?
the serial position effect
25
A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?
procedural
26
Marie has to assemble a shelf but cannot find her screwdriver. Which of the following would help her complete this task?
divergent thought
27
A man sustains a head injury. After the injury, he is able to tie his shoes, but he does not recall where he lives. Which aspect of the man’s memory is intact and which aspect is dysfunctional, respectively?
Procedural and semantic
28
Dr. Rudolph’s class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?
Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam
29
A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student’s name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using which of the following memory concepts?
maintenance rehearsal
30
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
divergent thinking
31
Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of
accommodation
32
Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by pairing common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved which of the following?
Algorithm
33
When Lois looks at her wedding pictures, she has vivid memories of the early years of her marriage. The pictures serve as
retrieval cues
34
If mice lack an enzyme essential to the process of long-term potentiation, which of the following will be the most likely consequence?
They will be unable to learn a maze
35
Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?
A mental set
36
A group of researchers conduct a study where they tell the participants that they will be doing a memory study, but the researchers were actually measuring levels of anxiety about doing well on a task. The group of researchers should be sure to do which of the following at the conclusion of this study?
Explain the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete.
37
Devi spent time developing a set of note cards for an upcoming test that used word associations based on what the words meant in relation to each other. Which of the following did Devi use with this study method?
Effortful processing
38
A teacher has to learn 170 new student names every year and finds it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teacher’s memory problem most likely results from
retroactive interference
39
When Judy is asked how many windows are in her home, she figures out the exact answer by mentally walking through her house and taking a count. This retrieval technique relies most heavily on
imagery
40
Josie was given a password by her teacher. To remember the password, she repeated it in her mind multiple times until she typed it into her login screen a few moments later. Which of the following concepts was at work?
Phonological loop
41
Barclay is excited about all they will learn in AP Psychology when school starts next week. According to the multi-store model of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves which of the following?
Encoding
42
A researcher wants to determine which studying technique would be more effective: massed practice or distributed practice. The researcher randomly assigns 30 students to two groups and gives them a list of vocabulary words to remember. One of the groups uses a massed practice technique. The other uses a distributed practice technique. The researcher gives the students a quiz four days later to see how well they remembered their list of words. He compared the scores for both groups. What is the dependent variable in this study?
The vocabulary quiz scores
43
Dr. Larson was interested in whether classical music helps students perform better on a test. Dr. Larson randomly assigned half of the study's participants to a group that listened to classical music while taking a test. The other half of the participants did not listen to music while taking a test. The research design Dr. Larson used is
an experiment
44
Tim can no longer create new memories as a result of an accident. Tim is experiencing which of the following types of amnesia?
Anterograde
45
Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim’s fear would most likely be attributed to
the availability heuristic
46
Throughout January and the beginning of February, the first two months of a calendar year, Allison writes the previous year as the date on all her assignments instead of the current year. Allison’s tendency to write the wrong year on her assignments is most likely due to which of the following?
Proactive interference
47
After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing
anterograde amnesia
48
Corey has a list of things he needs from the grocery store but forgets his list at home. At the store, Corey struggles to remember the items on his list, but when he sees a display of oranges, he remembers that oranges were on his list. This is an example of
recognition
49
Hearing the word “ocean” makes Alice think of waves, surfboards, bathing suits, sharks, swimmers, boats, and the beach. The associations she has to the word “ocean” represent which of the following concepts?
Schema
50
Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of
episodic memory
51
During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to
encoding failure
52
Jalil goes to a party where he meets several new people. When he tells his brother about it the next day, he can only remember the names of the last 3 people that he met. Which of the following memory concepts best describes Jalil's memory for the names of the people at the party?
Recency effect