HIS TEST REVIEWER

76問 • 1年前

問題一覧

A medical imaging technology used primarily in healthcare organizations to securely store and digitally transmit electronic images and clinically-relevant reports.

PACS (picture archiving and communication system)

While radiologists have predominately used PACS -- radiology traditionally being the most prolific producer of X-ray images -- PACS technologies have been incorporated into other departments, such as

AOTA

Who uses PACS?

Radiologist

The use of PACS eliminates the need to manually file and store, retrieve and send sensitive information, films and reports. Instead, medical documentation and images can be securely housed in off-site servers and safely accessed essentially from anywhere in the world using PACS software, workstations and mobile devices. - Medical imaging storage technologies such as PACS are increasingly important as the volume of digital medical images grows throughout the healthcare industry and data analytics of those images becomes more prevalent.

both statements are correct

Are taken and reviewed for clinical analysis, diagnosis and treatment as part of a patient's care plan. The information collected can be used to identify any anatomical and physiological abnormalities, chart the progress of treatment and provide clinicians with a database of normal patient scans for later reference.

Medical images

The modern use of PACS can be attributed to ______, which is a standard protocol for the management and transmission of medical images and related data.

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)

DICOM was originally developed by the________________. In 1983, ACR and NEMA formed a joint committee in hopes of developing medical imaging technology standards and to facilitate the development and expansion of PACS.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR)

PACS four major components

AOTA

Store and back up an organization's medical imaging data to a secure off-site server. It enables medical staff to view medical imaging data from any approved devices, such as a smartphone.

Cloud-based PACS

PACS servers such as __________. Each allowing for upgradeability, connectivity, improved protection against failure and added security.

AOTA

A technology that stores medical images in a standard format and interface, making them accessible to healthcare professionals regardless of what proprietary system created the images.

vendor neutral archive (VNA)

Some of the benefits provided by a VNA include:

AOTA

VNA features vary among vendors, but common options include:

AOTA

System can be used to manage functions like purchasing, accounting, inventory management and patient supply charges.

materials management information system (MMIS)

It plays an important part in refining the quality of health care services since lives of people are on the line and medical costs are increasing.

Inventory control

Checking shipments for accuracy means ensuring that the received items are the ones ordered and the supplies are free from possible damages during transit Checking shipments for accuracy means ensuring that the received items are the ones ordered, and the supplies arefree from possible damages during transi

Ensuring Shipment accuracy

Coming up with an inventory tracking report in comparison with actual sales proves to be a challenge in the field of medicine. However, it is necessary to prevent wastage, identify trends, and ensure that there is no excess inventory.

Aligning with sales projections

The health institution should be responsive to the current trends and needs of the highly regulated health care industry. The regulators monitor health institutions and determine the success or failure of companies to serve the best interest of the patients.

Complying with regulations

Buying cycles should be determined and understood by inventory personnel based on the previous cycles, so that inventory ordering becomes manageable through the elimination of shortages and overages. The said cycles determine the trends and adjustments that can be made accordingly.

Establishing Buying cycles

Goods that are damaged or have indents while being transported from the source to the warehouse may be returned when the supplier allows it. Damaged items are moved to another warehouse for them to be monitored.

Item indents and issues

It has many sections. The upper portion contain master information. The “item” tab is used for maintenance of the attributes of the item such as product type, item class, item type, and others. If the balance and order activity is zero (0), items can be deleted using this option.

Item master maintenance

The minimum quantity of an item that a company has in stock, so when the stock reaches the stated minimum quantity, the item must then be reordered

Reorder level

The basic reordering method implemented in many ERPs and other inventory management software.

Min/Max inventory ordering method

· Min value represents the stock level that prompts the reorder. · Max value sets the new targeted level that follows the reorder.

both statements are true

It is often interpreted as the main difference between the Min and Max value

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

It marks the beginning of the purchasing process. These establish the relationship between the entity and the right supplier. The supplier provides information on the availability and price of the required items. mark the beginning of the purchasing process. These establish the relationship between the entity and the right supplier. The supplier provides information on the availability and price of the required items. mark the beginning of the purchasing process. These establish the relationship between the entity and the right supplier. The supplier provides information on the availability and price of the required items. The enquiries mark the beginning of the purchasing process. These establish the relationship between the entity and the right supplier. The supplier provides information on the availability and price of the required items

Enquiries

It contains vital information regarding the requirements which include price, delivery details, payment terms, and etc. Companies usually review two or three quotations before selecting the supplier.

Quotations

The buyer shows the intention to purchase the required item by issuing a purchase order. A purchase order is placed to signify intention to engage in commercial operations for a specific product or service. Upon agreement, the order becomes a contract between the health care institution and the supplier.

Order

commercial document that indicates the product, the ordered quantity, and the agreed price. The supplier issues this to the buyer to show the products and services that were sold or provided to the buyer. is also called a bill. It is a commercial document that indicates the product, the ordered quantity, and the agreed price. The supplier issues this to the buyer to show the products and services that were sold or provided to the buyer.

Invoices

Are statutory requirements used during purchase and sales transactions. These ensure smooth transition and completion of the process.

Documents

It is a document requesting prices and delivery information from a vendor before the purchase order.it can be created then sent to the vendor. When a response from a vendor is received, with a list of prices and delivery dates, the information can be entered in the purchase quotation

Purchase Quotation

Part of the list that a company keeps from whom they purchase their supplies. They look for vendors who has on-time performance, offers reasonable costs, provides high quality products and services, fully licensed, bonded, and insured product and services, and has good business practices.

Preferred vendor

It is a document that notifies the purchasing department that certain items ore services need to be replenished. The document stipulates a timeframe and requires quantities for the requested items. In certain instances, it also contains authorization to acquire assets. For enhanced accountability and for documentation purposes, some companies require a purchase requisition for all purchases, but other only require them for specific kinds of purchases, such as those that would require greater capital outlay.

Purchase request or purchase requisition

A legally binding contract which shows that the seller has already accepted the order issued by the buyer. It should contain: information about the buyer and seller (Name, Contact details, and etc.); order number and order date; item description (Quantity, unit and total price); shipping information (Shipping date and address); billing address; and the authorized signature.

Purchase order

The request for approval is sent to the first approver when the document fails to meet the approval requisites. Once the document has been approved an internal notice is sent to the originator. He can then process the document.

Approval process

The person who receives the delivery should inspect the delivered items before signing the receiving document and the packing list. Then the document should be submitted to the appropriate department for reconciliation.

Signing for deliveries

The receiving department should refuse to accept any shipment if the packaging appears to be damaged or if there is any item that does not have a corresponding purchase order.

Refusing delivery

The packing list should be provided to the receiving department during delivery to ensure that there is proper documentation since it is taking possession and legal ownership of the delivered items. If no list was provided, the department should request the copy from the supplier. All files should be kept according to the guidelines of the entity. This helps track partial and staggered deliveries.

Record retention

The personnel receiving the items should inspect the goods to ensure that following conditions are met a. The received items match the requirements stated in the purchase order (Type, description, color etc.) b. The quantity is correct. c. The item has no damage, discoloration, and issues. d. The quantity per unit of measurement is accurate. e. Packing list, certifications, and other delivery documentation are completely provided. f. Perishable items should be in good condition and have not reached the expiration dates. g. The items are functioning properly

Inspecting a shipment

When items are delivered partially without proper notification from the supplier, the receiving personnel should advise the purchasing department for approval and further instructions. This should also be typically noted in the packing list or the receiving document.

Partial deliveries

Goods can be easily tracked when they are managed by serial number or batch. Through that, aging of products can also be monitored based on how long they have been in the warehouse.

Tracking of goods

Defective or substandard quality goods, incorrect order delivery, and detreated purchased and sold items are usually common in business. These lead to purchase or sales returns. When purchased goods are returned, the materials management system updates inventory levels to reflect the decrease in quantity

PURCHASE RETURNS ALONG WITH RETURNABLE/NON-RETURNABLE GATE PASS

. For temporary movement, a returnable gate pass is issued, whereas for permanent movement, a non-returnable gate pass is given. The system can be configured to track returnable and non-returnable items or equipment.

Both statements are true

In the process of consignment, the vendor or consignor issues materials to the receiver or consignee, and these materials are stored in the consignee’s premises. The vendor maintains legal ownership until such materials are removed from consignment stores.

CONSIGNMENT STOCK RECEIPT, CONSUMPTION, AND REGULARIZATION

Expiration dates and decrease in values of items must be reflected in the financial records so discrepancies in financial statements will be prevented. The amount that reduces inventory in the records is recognized as a loss which equates to a reduction in profit.

Expired Stock/Inventory

When undecided about how to handle defective goods, whether to be sold as scrap, reworked, returned, or used as it is, a quarantine location or warehouse can be used to temporarily house them until a final decision is reached.

Quarantine stock/Inventory

Inventory items are sold based on the order they are purchased. This is the most common techniques.

First in, first out (FIFO)

Last items to enter the system are sold first. This is common among non-perishable items

Last in, first out (LIFO)

Materials are sold based on the dates they should be consumed, regardless of when they were purchased.

First expired, first out (FEFO)

Tax configurations are usually accounted on a per country basis. The automatic calculation of the tax dues during the purchasing process makes the process less susceptible to clerical errors.

GENERIC TAX FORMULA CONFIGURATIONS

A process where a business physically counts its entire inventory.

Inventory count

A systematically structured and gathered “storehouse” of patient -specific data, which is usually mirrored from a clinical application, or supplemented with data from other systems.

Clinical Data Repository (CDR)

defined as the idea of either allowing individuals to make their own decisions in response to a particular societal context, or being free from external influence or control. defined as the idea of either allowing individuals to make their own decisions in response to aparticular societal context, or being free from external influence or control.

autonomy

These two principles are respectively defined as do good and do no harm. In health informatics, beneficence relates most significantly with the usage of stored data in the HER system, and non-maleficence with how the stored data is protected.

Beneficence and non-maleficence

It is about the ethical behavior expected from individual assigned to handle information, as prescribed by the International Medical Informatics Association.

Informatics ethics

Privacy and disposition. Everyone has the fundamental right to privacy. Every individual should ensure that he or she has control over the collection, access, use, communication, manipulation, storage, linkage and disposition of data about himself/herself.

Principle of information

The control measures of particular data should be disclosed to the concerned individual in an appropriate and timely fashion.

Principle of openness

Legitimately collected data should be protected through all appropriate measures against access, use, modification or communication, manipulation, linkage, loss, degradation, and unauthorized destruction.

Principle of Security

Authorized person should be given access to HER and the right to correct the data with respect to their completeness, accuracy and relevance.

Principle of Access

The right to privacy and control over personal data should be conditioned by the appropriate, legitimate, and relevant data-requirement of a democratic society and by the equal rights of others.

Principle of Legitimate Infringement

Any infringement of privacy rights should occur in the least intrusive manner and with the least amount of interference with the rights of the affected parties.

Principle of the least intrusive alternative

Any infringement must be justified to the concerned individuals in a timely and appropriate fashion.

Principle of Accountability

The ethical duties and the responsibilities of software developers to the stakeholders (Society, institution and employees, and the profession) they should execute all system activities with the best interest of the society in mind.

Software Ethics

Ensuring that accurate and up-to-date information is available when needed at appropriate places.

Availability

– Helping to ensure that health care providers are responsible for their access to and use of information, based on a legitimate need and right to know

Accountability

Knowing and controlling the boundaries of trusted access to the information system, both physically and logically

Perimeter Identification

Enabling access for health care providers only to information essential to the performance of their jobs and limiting the real or perceived temptation to access information beyond a legitimate need.

Controlling access

Ensuring that record owners, data stewards, and patients understand and have effective control over appropriate aspects of information privacy and access

Comprehensibility and control

can influence the way dynamic business tasks are led, including the computerization of a particular business segment. It can influence the way dynamic business tasks are led, including the computerization of a particular business segment.

Operational changes

It occur when the business direction, in relation to its vision, mission, and philosophy, is altered. For instance, changing the business technique from business growth to increasing market share in the overall industry is a case of strategic change.

Strategic changes

It influence the internal organizational culture, for example, the way business is conducted, such as actualizing a CQI (Continuous quality improvement) framework.

Cultural changes

In human resources occur primarily due to political reasons of varying types, commonly, changes that happen on top patronage levels in the government agencies.

Political changes

This three-step model was proposed by Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, in the 1950s. this is still widely used as the basis for many change management strategies.

Kurt Lewin’s Unfreeze-Change- Refreeze model

This acronym means “Awareness of the business reasons for change; Desire to engage and participate in the change; Knowledge about how to change; Ability to implement change; and Reinforcement to ensure change sticks”

Proski’s ADKAR model

This eight-step model was developed by John Kotter of Harvard Business school. Building a strong collaborative team by using a solid strategy, creating effective communication channels, supporting staff empowerment, using a phased and steady approach, and securing the change within an organization’s culture are the core components of this method

Kotter’s change model

It is defined as a series of tools, techniques, and processes aimed at successfully effecting change. These tools support the application of other initiatives such as Six sigma, Customer Relationship Management,

Change Management

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問題一覧

A medical imaging technology used primarily in healthcare organizations to securely store and digitally transmit electronic images and clinically-relevant reports.

PACS (picture archiving and communication system)

While radiologists have predominately used PACS -- radiology traditionally being the most prolific producer of X-ray images -- PACS technologies have been incorporated into other departments, such as

AOTA

Who uses PACS?

Radiologist

both statements are correct

Medical images

The modern use of PACS can be attributed to ______, which is a standard protocol for the management and transmission of medical images and related data.

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR)

PACS four major components

AOTA

Store and back up an organization's medical imaging data to a secure off-site server. It enables medical staff to view medical imaging data from any approved devices, such as a smartphone.

Cloud-based PACS

PACS servers such as __________. Each allowing for upgradeability, connectivity, improved protection against failure and added security.

AOTA

A technology that stores medical images in a standard format and interface, making them accessible to healthcare professionals regardless of what proprietary system created the images.

vendor neutral archive (VNA)

Some of the benefits provided by a VNA include:

AOTA

VNA features vary among vendors, but common options include:

AOTA

System can be used to manage functions like purchasing, accounting, inventory management and patient supply charges.

materials management information system (MMIS)

It plays an important part in refining the quality of health care services since lives of people are on the line and medical costs are increasing.

Inventory control

Ensuring Shipment accuracy

Aligning with sales projections

Complying with regulations

Establishing Buying cycles

Item indents and issues

Item master maintenance

The minimum quantity of an item that a company has in stock, so when the stock reaches the stated minimum quantity, the item must then be reordered

Reorder level

The basic reordering method implemented in many ERPs and other inventory management software.

Min/Max inventory ordering method

· Min value represents the stock level that prompts the reorder. · Max value sets the new targeted level that follows the reorder.

both statements are true

It is often interpreted as the main difference between the Min and Max value

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

Enquiries

It contains vital information regarding the requirements which include price, delivery details, payment terms, and etc. Companies usually review two or three quotations before selecting the supplier.

Quotations

Order

Invoices

Are statutory requirements used during purchase and sales transactions. These ensure smooth transition and completion of the process.

Documents

Purchase Quotation

Preferred vendor

Purchase request or purchase requisition

Purchase order

Approval process

Signing for deliveries

The receiving department should refuse to accept any shipment if the packaging appears to be damaged or if there is any item that does not have a corresponding purchase order.

Refusing delivery

Record retention

Inspecting a shipment

Partial deliveries

Goods can be easily tracked when they are managed by serial number or batch. Through that, aging of products can also be monitored based on how long they have been in the warehouse.

Tracking of goods

PURCHASE RETURNS ALONG WITH RETURNABLE/NON-RETURNABLE GATE PASS

Both statements are true

CONSIGNMENT STOCK RECEIPT, CONSUMPTION, AND REGULARIZATION

Expired Stock/Inventory

Quarantine stock/Inventory

Inventory items are sold based on the order they are purchased. This is the most common techniques.

First in, first out (FIFO)

Last items to enter the system are sold first. This is common among non-perishable items

Last in, first out (LIFO)

Materials are sold based on the dates they should be consumed, regardless of when they were purchased.

First expired, first out (FEFO)

Tax configurations are usually accounted on a per country basis. The automatic calculation of the tax dues during the purchasing process makes the process less susceptible to clerical errors.

GENERIC TAX FORMULA CONFIGURATIONS

A process where a business physically counts its entire inventory.

Inventory count

A systematically structured and gathered “storehouse” of patient -specific data, which is usually mirrored from a clinical application, or supplemented with data from other systems.

Clinical Data Repository (CDR)

autonomy

Beneficence and non-maleficence

It is about the ethical behavior expected from individual assigned to handle information, as prescribed by the International Medical Informatics Association.

Informatics ethics

Principle of information

The control measures of particular data should be disclosed to the concerned individual in an appropriate and timely fashion.

Principle of openness

Principle of Security

Authorized person should be given access to HER and the right to correct the data with respect to their completeness, accuracy and relevance.

Principle of Access

The right to privacy and control over personal data should be conditioned by the appropriate, legitimate, and relevant data-requirement of a democratic society and by the equal rights of others.

Principle of Legitimate Infringement

Any infringement of privacy rights should occur in the least intrusive manner and with the least amount of interference with the rights of the affected parties.

Principle of the least intrusive alternative

Any infringement must be justified to the concerned individuals in a timely and appropriate fashion.

Principle of Accountability

Software Ethics

Ensuring that accurate and up-to-date information is available when needed at appropriate places.

Availability

– Helping to ensure that health care providers are responsible for their access to and use of information, based on a legitimate need and right to know

Accountability

Knowing and controlling the boundaries of trusted access to the information system, both physically and logically

Perimeter Identification

Enabling access for health care providers only to information essential to the performance of their jobs and limiting the real or perceived temptation to access information beyond a legitimate need.

Controlling access

Ensuring that record owners, data stewards, and patients understand and have effective control over appropriate aspects of information privacy and access

Comprehensibility and control

Operational changes

Strategic changes

It influence the internal organizational culture, for example, the way business is conducted, such as actualizing a CQI (Continuous quality improvement) framework.

Cultural changes

In human resources occur primarily due to political reasons of varying types, commonly, changes that happen on top patronage levels in the government agencies.

Political changes

This three-step model was proposed by Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, in the 1950s. this is still widely used as the basis for many change management strategies.

Kurt Lewin’s Unfreeze-Change- Refreeze model

Proski’s ADKAR model

Kotter’s change model

Change Management