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pharmacology definitions

pharmacology definitions
23問 • 1年前
  • ユーザ名非公開
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Define additive effect

    when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently.

  • 2

    Define agonist

    A drug or substance that binds to a receptor inside a cell or on its surface and causes the same action as the substance that normally binds to the receptor.

  • 3

    Define anatagonist

    A chemical substance that binds to and blocks the activation of certain receptors on cells, preventing a biological response

  • 4

    Define bioavailability

    the extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action.

  • 5

    Define competitive antagonist

    binds to the same site as the agonist but does not activate it, thus blocks the agonist's action.

  • 6

    Define cross tolerance

    Long-term exposure to one drug often results in the development of tolerance to the effects of other structurally similar drugs in the same pharmacologic class

  • 7

    Define drug efficacy

    the ability of an intervention or drug to produce a desired effect in expert hands and under ideal circumstances

  • 8

    Define first pass metabolism

    a pharmacological phenomenon in which a medication undergoes metabolism at a specific location in the body

  • 9

    Define hyperreactivity

    a condition in which someone reacts very strongly to stimuli

  • 10

    Define hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)

    a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction.

  • 11

    Define Hyporeactivity

    decreased, delayed, or lack of reaction to sensory stimuli when it would be expected.

  • 12

    Define ligand

    any molecule or atom that irreversibly binds to a receiving protein molecule, otherwise known as a receptor.

  • 13

    Define partial agonist

    bind to and activate a receptor, but are not able to elicit the maximum possible response that is produced by full agonists

  • 14

    Define drug potency

    an expression of the activity of a drug in terms of the concentration or amount of the drug required to produce a defined effect

  • 15

    Define potentiation

    the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously

  • 16

    Define receptors

    a macromolecule in the membrane or inside the cell that specifically (chemically) bind a ligand (drug)

  • 17

    Define second pass metabolism

    is the phenomenon which occurs whenever the drug is administered orally, enters the liver, and suffers extensive biotransformation to such an extent that the bioavailability is drastically reduced

  • 18

    Define synergistic effect

    An interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug

  • 19

    Define Therapeutic index

    the range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events.

  • 20

    Define tolerance

    a decrease in response to a drug that is used repeatedly

  • 21

    How does liver damage/disease affect the metabolism of drugs?

    Drug metabolizing enzymes are primarily decreased due to loss of liver tissue

  • 22

    How does kidney damage/disease affect the excretion of drugs?

    compromise biotransformation pathways may decrease drug excretion, which can result in drug accumulation and potential toxicity

  • 23

    Define additive effect

    when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently.

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Define additive effect

    when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently.

  • 2

    Define agonist

    A drug or substance that binds to a receptor inside a cell or on its surface and causes the same action as the substance that normally binds to the receptor.

  • 3

    Define anatagonist

    A chemical substance that binds to and blocks the activation of certain receptors on cells, preventing a biological response

  • 4

    Define bioavailability

    the extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action.

  • 5

    Define competitive antagonist

    binds to the same site as the agonist but does not activate it, thus blocks the agonist's action.

  • 6

    Define cross tolerance

    Long-term exposure to one drug often results in the development of tolerance to the effects of other structurally similar drugs in the same pharmacologic class

  • 7

    Define drug efficacy

    the ability of an intervention or drug to produce a desired effect in expert hands and under ideal circumstances

  • 8

    Define first pass metabolism

    a pharmacological phenomenon in which a medication undergoes metabolism at a specific location in the body

  • 9

    Define hyperreactivity

    a condition in which someone reacts very strongly to stimuli

  • 10

    Define hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)

    a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction.

  • 11

    Define Hyporeactivity

    decreased, delayed, or lack of reaction to sensory stimuli when it would be expected.

  • 12

    Define ligand

    any molecule or atom that irreversibly binds to a receiving protein molecule, otherwise known as a receptor.

  • 13

    Define partial agonist

    bind to and activate a receptor, but are not able to elicit the maximum possible response that is produced by full agonists

  • 14

    Define drug potency

    an expression of the activity of a drug in terms of the concentration or amount of the drug required to produce a defined effect

  • 15

    Define potentiation

    the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously

  • 16

    Define receptors

    a macromolecule in the membrane or inside the cell that specifically (chemically) bind a ligand (drug)

  • 17

    Define second pass metabolism

    is the phenomenon which occurs whenever the drug is administered orally, enters the liver, and suffers extensive biotransformation to such an extent that the bioavailability is drastically reduced

  • 18

    Define synergistic effect

    An interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug

  • 19

    Define Therapeutic index

    the range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events.

  • 20

    Define tolerance

    a decrease in response to a drug that is used repeatedly

  • 21

    How does liver damage/disease affect the metabolism of drugs?

    Drug metabolizing enzymes are primarily decreased due to loss of liver tissue

  • 22

    How does kidney damage/disease affect the excretion of drugs?

    compromise biotransformation pathways may decrease drug excretion, which can result in drug accumulation and potential toxicity

  • 23

    Define additive effect

    when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently.